Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Splenic γδ T cells mediate antidepressant and prophylactic actions of arketamine in lipopolysaccharide-induced depression in mice","authors":"Guilin Liu ,&nbsp;Li Ma ,&nbsp;Akemi Sakamoto ,&nbsp;Lisa Fujimura ,&nbsp;Dan Xu ,&nbsp;Mingming Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiayun Wan ,&nbsp;Rumi Murayama ,&nbsp;Naohiko Anzai ,&nbsp;Kenji Hashimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arketamine, the (<em>R</em>)-enantiomer of ketamine, exhibits both therapeutic and sustained prophylactic effects in an inflammation-driven model of depression, although the precise mechanisms remain elusive. Given the involvement of γδ T cells in inflammatory processes, this study explored their role in the effects of arketamine. To assess therapeutic outcomes, mice received lipopolysaccharide (LPS:1.0 mg/kg), followed by either arketamine (10 mg/kg) or saline. For prophylactic assessment, arketamine or saline was administered six days prior to LPS exposure. A single dose of LPS (1.0 mg/kg) reduced the proportion of γδ T cells in the spleen but did not affect their levels in the blood, prefrontal cortex, or small intestine. Arketamine mitigated LPS-induced splenomegaly, counteracted the elevation of plasma interleukin-6 levels and the reduction in the proportion of splenic γδ T cells, and alleviated depression-like behavior as assessed by the forced swimming test. Notably, negative correlations were observed between the proportion of splenic γδ T cells and indicators of inflammation and depression. Furthermore, pretreatment with a γδ TCR antibody significantly countered the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of arketamine on LPS-induced changes. These findings highlight a novel role for splenic γδ T cells in inflammation-associated depression and suggest the potential of arketamine as a treatment option. Consequently, γδ T cells may represent a novel therapeutic target for inflammation-related depression. Further studies on the role of γδ T cells in depressed patients with inflammation are warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 173906"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mescaline-induced behavioral alterations are mediated by 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in rats.","authors":"Lucie Olejníková-Ladislavová, Michaela Fujáková-Lipski, Klára Šíchová, Hynek Danda, Kateřina Syrová, Jiří Horáček, Tomáš Páleníček","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Mescaline is a classical psychedelic compound with a phenylethylamine structure that primarily acts on serotonin 5-HT2A/C receptors, but also binds to 5-HT1A and 5-HT2B receptors. Despite being the first psychedelic ever isolated and synthesized, the precise role of different serotonin receptor subtypes in its behavioral pharmacology is not fully understood.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, we aimed to investigate how selective antagonists of 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT1A receptors affect the behavioral changes induced by subcutaneous administration of mescaline (at doses of 10, 20, and 100 mg/kg) in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used adult male Wistar rats in all our experiments. We evaluated locomotor activity using the open field test, and assessed sensorimotor gating deficits by measuring prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle reaction (ASR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While the highest dose of mescaline induced hyperlocomotion (p < 0.001), which almost all the other antagonists reversed (p < 0.05-0.001), the PPI deficits were selectively normalized by the 5-HT2A antagonist (p < 0.05-0.01). The 5-HT2C antagonist partially reversed the small PPI deficit induced by lower doses of mescaline (p = 0.0017).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that mescaline-induced changes in behavior are primarily mediated by the 5-HT2A receptor subtype, with less pronounced contributions from the 5-HT2C receptor. The other antagonists had limited effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"173903"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline-dependent enhancement of working memory by memantine in male rats: Involvement of NMDA receptor subunits and CaMKII signaling","authors":"Shuo-Fu Chen ,&nbsp;Wan-Ju Cheng ,&nbsp;Chih-Chang Chao ,&nbsp;Chun-Hsien Kuo ,&nbsp;Ruey-Ming Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>N</em>-methyl-<span>d</span>-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, activated by glutamate, play a crucial role in learning and memory. Memantine (MEM), a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, is currently prescribed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease or dementia, which meanwhile simultaneously promotes a need to clarify its potential pro-cognitive effects that exist in normal healthy individuals. However, the neurobehavioral mechanisms underlying the cognitive improvement by MEM in normal individuals remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to assess the effects of MEM on working memory, measured by a discrete paired-trial delay alternation task in a T-maze in normal male rats. The impacts of MEM were hypothesized to vary depending on different baseline levels of working memory performance. Neurochemical examination of the levels of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase 2 (CaMKII) and NMDA receptor subunits within five targeted brain regions was conducted after behavioral tests. The results showed that acute administration of MEM enhanced working memory performance, with 2.5, 5.0, and 10 mg/kg doses increasing task accuracy compared to the vehicle, particularly in low performers. Neurochemically, the protein expression of CaMKII in the amygdala and that of the glutamate (Glu) N2A subunit in the dorsal striatum were greater in the low-performance group than in the high-performance group. Additionally, the protein expression of the GluN2A subunit in the dorsal striatum was negatively associated with task performance at baseline. The expression of GluN1 and GluN2B in the nucleus accumbens was negatively associated with task performance in the retest three weeks after drug treatment. These findings underscore the baseline-dependent improvement of working memory resulting from MEM administration, with observed drug effects associated with alterations in the levels of NMDA receptor subunits in striatal subareas and CaMKII in the amygdala.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 173904"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANXIOLYTICS: Introduction to a special issue celebrating 50 years of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior","authors":"Jeffrey M. Witkin ,&nbsp;James E. Barrett","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173905","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 173905"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal running training reversed postnatal anxiety and depressive-like behavior and cognitive impairment in mice following prenatal subchronic variable stress","authors":"Lin Zhou ,&nbsp;Zuotian Wu ,&nbsp;Yixin Li ,&nbsp;Ling Xiao ,&nbsp;Huiling Wang ,&nbsp;Gaohua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pregnancy is a very complex and highly stressful time in women. Despite the high prevalence of postpartum depression, more than 50 % of mothers are undiagnosed or untreated, showing an urgent need to explore an effective preventive strategy. Regular physical activity has been suggested to be associated with an increased quality of life in pregnant and postpartum women. The purpose of this study was to determine whether perinatal running training can affect maternal care stress-related anxiety, depressive-like behavior, and cognitive changes in postpartum dams and to explore the possible underlying mechanism.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>40 female C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: prenatal control (NC) and running training (EX) group (NC+EX), prenatal control and nonrunning training (RE) group (NC+RE), prenatal subchronic variable stress (SCVS) and running training group (SCVS+EX) and prenatal SCVS and non-running training group (SCVS+RE). Mice in prenatal stress groups were subjected to SCVS after pregnancy confirmed. Mice in running training groups subjected to running training throughout pregnancy and lactation. Then after the delivery, maternal behavior, cognitive changes, anxiety and depressive-like behaviors were tested. Then we measured the serum prolactin (PRL), hypothalamic–pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis activity, and adult hippocampus neurogenesis (AHN) in dams.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to NC+RE, prenatal SCVS caused cognitive impairments, the decrease in maternal behavior, and anxiety and depressive-like behavior in SCVS+RE dams, accompanying increase in HPA axis activity and decreased the PRL levels and AHN in postpartum period. Then compared to SCVS+RE, perinatal running training mitigates cognitive impairments, increased maternal behavior, and alleviates anxiety and depressive-like behavior in SCVS+EX dams, accompanying the decreased HPA axis activity, and the increased PRL levels and AHN in postpartum period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Overall, this study suggests that perinatal running training might improve maternal care and reverse prenatal stress-related cognitive impairment and anxiety and depressive-like behavior in postpartum dams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 173898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FABP5 is important for cognitive function and is an important regulator of the physiological effects and pharmacokinetics of acute Δ9 tetrahydrocannabinol inhalation in mice","authors":"Samantha L. Penman ,&nbsp;Nicole M. Roeder ,&nbsp;Erin C. Berthold ,&nbsp;Alexandria S. Senetra ,&nbsp;Matthew Marion ,&nbsp;Brittany J. Richardson ,&nbsp;Olivia White ,&nbsp;Nathan L. Fearby ,&nbsp;Christopher R. McCurdy ,&nbsp;John Hamilton ,&nbsp;Abhisheak Sharma ,&nbsp;Panayotis K. Thanos","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Fatty acid binding protein<span> 5 (FABP5) interacts with the endocannabinoid system in the brain via </span></span>intracellular transport<span> of anandamide, as well as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive component of cannabis. Previous work has established the behavioral effects of </span></span>genetic deletion<span> of FABP5, but not in the presence of THC. The present study sought to further elucidate the role of FABP5 on the pharmacokinetic and behavioral response to THC through global deletion. Adult FABP5</span></span>^+/+ and FABP5^−/−<span> mice were tested for behavioral response to THC using Open Field (OF), Novel Object Recognition (NOR), T-Maze, Morris Water Maze<span><span> (MWM), and Elevated Plus Maze (EPM). An additional cohort of mice was used to harvest blood, brains, and liver samples to measure THC and metabolites after acute administration of THC. Behavioral tests showed that some </span>cognitive deficits from FABP5 deletion, particularly in MWM, were blocked by THC administration, while this was not observed in other measures of memory and anxiety (such as T-Maze and EPM). Measurement of THC and metabolites in blood serum and brain tissue through UPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that the pharmacokinetics of THC was altered by FABP5. The present study shows further evidence of the importance of FABP5 in cognitive function. Additionally, results showed that FABP5 is an important regulator of the physiological effects and pharmacokinetics of THC.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 173633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10322306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The enteric metabolite, propionic acid, impairs social behavior and increases anxiety in a rodent ASD model: Examining sex differences and the influence of the estrous cycle","authors":"Katie C. Benitah ,&nbsp;Martin Kavaliers ,&nbsp;Klaus-Peter Ossenkopp","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Research suggests that certain gut and dietary factors may worsen behavioral features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Treatment with </span>propionic acid<span> (PPA) has been found to create both brain and behavioral responses in rats that are characteristic of ASD in humans. A consistent male bias in human ASD prevalence has been observed, and several sex-differential genetic and hormonal factors have been suggested to contribute to this bias. The majority of PPA studies in relation to ASD focus on male subjects; research examining the effects of PPA in females is scarce. The present study includes two experiments. Experiment 1 explored sex differences in the effects of </span></span>systemic administration<span><span> of PPA (500 mg/kg, ip) on adult rodent social behavior and anxiety (light-dark test). Experiment 2 investigated differential effects of systemic administration of PPA (500 mg/kg) on social behavior and anxiety in relation to fluctuating estrogen and progesterone levels during the adult rodent </span>estrous cycle<span>. PPA treatment impaired social behavior and increased anxiety in females to the same degree in comparison to PPA-treated males. As well, females treated with PPA in their diestrus<span> phase did not differ significantly in comparison to females administered PPA in their proestrus phase, in terms of reduced social behavior and increased anxiety.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 173630"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10129881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postpartum scarcity-adversity inflicts sex-specific cerebellar adaptations and reward behaviors in adolescence","authors":"Malabika Maulik ,&nbsp;Kassandra Looschen ,&nbsp;Colton Smith ,&nbsp;Khyla Johnson ,&nbsp;Alaina F. Carman ,&nbsp;Cherishma Nagisetty ,&nbsp;Katilyn Corriveau ,&nbsp;Colin Salisbury ,&nbsp;Kayla Deschepper ,&nbsp;Madison Michels ,&nbsp;Angela N. Henderson-Redmond ,&nbsp;Daniel J. Morgan ,&nbsp;Swarup Mitra","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Early life adversity in the form of poor postnatal care is a major developmental stressor impacting behavior<span><span> later in life. Previous studies have shown the impact of early life stress on neurobehavioral abnormalities. Specifically, research has demonstrated how limited bedding and nesting (LBN) materials can cause behavioral deficits in adulthood. There is, however, a limited understanding of how LBN influences sex-specific neurobehavioral adaptation in adolescence, a developmental stage susceptible to psychiatric diseases including substance use disorder. LBN and stress-naive c57BL/6 adolescent male and female mouse offspring were tested for a battery of behaviors including open field, novel object recognition, </span>elevated plus maze, social preference, and morphine-induced </span></span>conditioned place preference<span>. There was a significant sex-specific deficit in social preference in male mice exposed to LBN compared to stress-naïve counterparts and both LBN males and females had a higher preference towards the drug-paired chamber in the morphine-induced conditioned place preference test. These behavioral deficits were concomitant with sex-specific increases in the transcription factor, Klf9 in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) of males. Further, mRNA levels of the circadian gene </span></span><em>Bmal1</em><span><span>, which is known to be transcriptionally regulated by Klf9, were decreased in the DCN. Since Bmal1 has recently been implicated in extracellular matrix<span> modulation, we examined perineuronal nets (PNN) and observed depleted PNN in the DCN of males but not female LBN mice. Overall, we provide a novel understanding of how postpartum adversity impinges on the cerebellar extracellular matrix </span></span>homeostasis, likely, through disruption of the circadian axis by Klf9 that might underlie sex-specific behavioral adaptations in adolescence.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 173620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10565883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10226731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of cue value and the augmentation of heroin seeking in chronically food-restricted male rats under withdrawal","authors":"Firas Sedki,&nbsp;Tracey M. D'Cunha,&nbsp;Damaris Rizzo,&nbsp;Leon Mayers,&nbsp;Jennifer Cohen,&nbsp;Suzanne Trieu Chao,&nbsp;Uri Shalev","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Food restriction augments drug seeking in abstinent rats. The underlying motivational mechanisms, however, remain unclear. We hypothesized that caloric restriction enhances the incentive value attributed to drug-associated cues and, in turn, augments drug seeking. Male rats were trained to lever-press for heroin, and then moved to the animal colony for a forced-abstinence period. Rats were maintained on free access to food (Sated) or subjected to 14 days of food restriction (FDR). In a series of experiments, we assessed the effect of food-restriction on the incentive value of heroin-associated cues. Tests included performance under a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement maintained by heroin-associated cues, acquisition of a novel operant response reinforced by drug-associated cues, effect of food-restriction on operant response reinforced by neutral cues, acquisition of a novel operant response reinforced by drug-associated or neutral cues, and the effect of food-restriction on operant response reinforced by drug-associated or neutral cues, under a discrete choice procedure.</p><p>Food-restriction did not change breakpoints in PR maintained by heroin-associated cues. FDR rats acquired the novel response at a greater level compared to the Sated group. Food-restriction-induced increase in novel-response rate was observed for both heroin-paired and the neutral cue. Responding for a heroin-associated cue was greater than for the neutral cue in both Sated and FDR groups. Response rate for the neutral cue, however, was greater in the FDR versus Sated group.</p><p>Our findings suggest that food restriction increases the conditioned motivational properties of environmental stimuli, including, but not exclusive to, heroin-paired cues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 173636"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10263591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex, but not juvenile stress, affects reversal learning and DRL performance following cocaine administration","authors":"Tracie A. Paine,&nbsp;Caroline Pierotti ,&nbsp;Evan S. Swanson ,&nbsp;Zoë Martin del Campo ,&nbsp;Sydney Kulkarni,&nbsp;Jeffrey Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Early adversity, impulsivity and sex all contribute to the risk of developing substance use disorder. Using rats, we examined how juvenile stress interacts with sex and cocaine to affect performance on a serial reversal task and a differential reinforcement of low rates 10 s (DRL10) task. The expression of dopamine-related proteins in several brain areas was also assessed.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>From postnatal days (PND) 25–29, rats were exposed to a variable stress protocol. In adulthood, rats were trained on the reversal task and the effects of cocaine (0, 10, or 20 mg/kg, IP) on performance were assessed. Next, rats were trained on the DRL10 task and the effects of cocaine on performance were assessed. Finally, brains were extracted, and Western blot analyses conducted.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Juvenile stress did not affect behavior. Sex did not affect baseline performance in either task. In the reversal task, cocaine decreased % high probability responses and the number of rewards earned in both sexes. Cocaine had sex-dependent effects on omissions, low probability responses and response latencies. In the DRL10 task, cocaine decreased the peak latency to respond and the number of rewards earned in both sexes. Cocaine had sex-dependent effects on peak rate of responding, response efficiency, burst responses and long responses. Female rats exhibited increased expression of DRD1 receptors in the striatum.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>These data contribute to the growing literature demonstrating sex differences in the behavioral effects of cocaine and suggest that DRD1 receptors could contribute to the observed behavioral sex differences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 173634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10278919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}