Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Sex-dependent and long-lasting effects of adolescent sleep deprivation on social behaviors in adult mice","authors":"Jiping Xue ,&nbsp;Bingyu Li ,&nbsp;Boya Huang ,&nbsp;Hao Feng ,&nbsp;Xinrui Li ,&nbsp;Shihao Liang ,&nbsp;Fang Yuan ,&nbsp;Sheng Wang ,&nbsp;Haishui Shi ,&nbsp;Juan Shao ,&nbsp;Yun Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Increasing evidence indicates that sleep deprivation (SD) can exert multiple negative effects on neuronal circuits, resulting in memory impairment, depression, and anxiety, among other consequences. The long-term effects of SD during early life on behavioral phenotypes in adulthood are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the long-lasting effects of SD in adolescence on social behaviors, including empathic ability and social dominance, and the role of the gut microbiota<span> in these processes, using a series of behavioral paradigms in mice combined with 16S rRNA gene </span></span>pyrosequencing<span>. Behavioral assay results showed that SD in adolescence significantly reduced the frequency of licking, the total time spent licking, and the time spent sniffing during the emotional contagion test in male mice, effects that were not observed in female mice. These findings indicated that SD in adolescence exerts long-term, negative effects on empathic ability in mice and that this effect is sex-dependent. In contrast, SD in adolescence had no significant effect on locomotor activities, social dominance but decreased social interaction in male mice in adulthood. Meanwhile, 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing results showed that gut microbial richness and diversity were significantly altered in adult male mice subjected to SD in adolescence. Our data provide direct evidence that SD in youth can induce alterations in empathic ability in adult male mice, which may be associated with changes in the gut microbiota. These findings highlight the long-lasting effects of sleep loss in adolescence on social behaviors in adulthood and the role played by the brain–gut axis.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 173657"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41160141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of the serotoninergic system in the anxiolytic action mechanism of a liposomal formulation containing nimodipine (NMD-Lipo)","authors":"Hellen Kelen Maria Medeiros Coimbra Viana ,&nbsp;George Laylson da Silva Oliveira ,&nbsp;Lina Clara Gayoso e Almendra Ibiapina Moreno ,&nbsp;Ana Amélia Carvalho de Melo-Cavalcante ,&nbsp;Maurício Pires de Moura do Amaral ,&nbsp;Daniel Dias Rufino Arcanjo ,&nbsp;Hercília Maria Lins Rolim","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>In the search for anxiolytic drugs with fewer adverse effects, </span>calcium blockers were proposed as a </span>benzodiazepines<span> (BZDs) alternative. In this context, the anxiolytic effect of nimodipine<span> has been demonstrated. However, its low bioavailability and solubility could be improved by using nanostructured drug delivery systems such as </span></span></span>liposomes<span>. In this way, liposomal formulation containing nimodipine (NMD-Lipo) was developed. The NMD-lipo is a formulation capable of improving the kinetic characteristics of the drug, as well as the anxiolytic effect of nimodipine. In this work, the serotonergic<span> system participation in the anxiolytic mechanism of the liposomal formulation containing nimodipine (NMD-Lipo) was investigated. A possible 5-HT1A receptor mediation on the NMD-Lipo anxiolytic effect was demonstrated by using WAY 100635 (5-HT1A receptor antagonist) since the antagonist reversed the NMD-Lipo anxiolytic effect in the light/dark test and elevated plus maze<span> test. The results demonstrated that the NMD-Lipo administration had anxiolytic activity through 5-HT1A receptors without causing sedation or compromising the motor coordination of the tested animals.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 173654"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41168101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor antagonism differentially attenuates nicotine experience-dependent locomotor behavior in female and male rats","authors":"Isabel R.K. Kuebler ,&nbsp;Youxi Liu ,&nbsp;Bárbara S. Bueno Álvarez ,&nbsp;Noah M. Huber ,&nbsp;Joshua A. Jolton ,&nbsp;Raaga Dasari ,&nbsp;Ken T. Wakabayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Nicotine is a significant public health concern because it is the primary pharmacological agent in tobacco use disorder. One neural system that has been implicated in the symptoms of several substance use disorders is the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) system. MCH regulates various motivated behaviors depending on sex, yet little is known of how this interaction affects experience with drugs of abuse, particularly nicotine. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of MCH receptor antagonism on experience-dependent nicotine-induced locomotion after chronic exposure, particularly on the expression of locomotor sensitization. Adult female and male </span>Wistar rats were given saline then cumulative doses of nicotine (0.1, 0.32, 0.56, and 1.0 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to determine the acute effects of nicotine (day 1). Next, rats were treated with 1.0 mg/kg nicotine for 6 days, given an identical series of cumulative doses (day 8), and then kept in a drug-free state for 6 days. On day 15, rats were pretreated with vehicle or the MCH receptor antagonist GW803430 (10 or 30 mg/kg) before another series of cumulative doses to assess response to chronic nicotine. After vehicle, male rats increased nicotine locomotor activation from day 1 to day 15, and both sexes showed a sensitized response when normalized to saline. The lower dose of GW803430 decreased locomotion compared to vehicle in females, while the higher dose decreased locomotion in males. Both sexes showed nicotine dose-dependent effects of GW803430, strongest at lower doses of nicotine. Controlling for sex-based locomotor differences revealed that females are more sensitive to GW803430. The high dose of GW803430 also decreased saline locomotion in males. Together, the results of our study suggest that MCH is involved in the expression of nicotine locomotor sensitization, and that MCH regulates these nicotine behavioral symptoms differently across sex.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 173649"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41148448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiolytic-like action of 3-((4-methoxyphenyl)selanyl)-2-phenylbenzofuran (SeBZF3) in mice: A possible contribution of the serotonergic system","authors":"Larissa Sander Magalhães ,&nbsp;Dianer Nornberg Strelow ,&nbsp;Mariana Parron Paim ,&nbsp;Taís da Silva Teixeira Rech ,&nbsp;Letícia Devantier Krüger ,&nbsp;Antonio Luiz Braga ,&nbsp;José Sebastião Santos Neto ,&nbsp;César Augusto Brüning ,&nbsp;Cristiani Folharini Bortolatto","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Anxiety disorders, characterized by high prevalence rates, cause psychiatric disabilities and are related to impairments in serotoninergic system function. Frequent anxiety recurrence, resistance, and drug adverse effects have driven searches for new therapies. We initially evaluated the anxiolytic-like activity of 3-selanyl-benzo[</span><em>b</em>]furan compounds (SeBZF<strong>1–5</strong><span>) (50 mg/kg, i.g.) in male Swiss mice using the light-dark test (LDT). The compound 3-((4-methoxyphenyl)selanyl)-2-phenylbenzofuran (SeBZF</span><strong>3</strong><span>) exhibited anxiolytic-like activity. SeBZF</span><strong>3</strong> anxiolytic-like effects were also observed in the novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT) (50 mg/kg) and elevated plus-maze test (EPMT) (25 and 50 mg/kg). In the EPMT, anxiolytic-like effects of SeBZF<strong>3</strong> (50 mg/kg) were abolished by pretreatment with <em>p</em><span>-chlorophenylalanine, a selective tryptophan hydroxylase<span> inhibitor (100 mg/kg, i.p. for 4 days), suggesting the involvement of serotonergic mechanisms. Furthermore, we conducted experiments to investigate the synergistic effects of SeBZF</span></span><strong>3</strong><span><span><span><span> subeffective doses (5 mg/kg, i.g.) in combination with fluoxetine (a </span>selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) or </span>buspirone (a </span>partial agonist of the 5-HT</span>_1A receptor, 2 mg/kg, i.p.). This coadministration resulted in pronounced synergistic effects. We also examined the effects of repeated oral treatment with SeBZF<strong>3</strong> at doses of 1 and 5 mg/kg over 14 days and both reduced anxiety signals. <em>In vitro</em> and <em>ex vivo</em> findings revealed that SeBZF<strong>3</strong> inhibited cerebral MAO-A activity. These findings collectively imply the potential involvement of serotonergic mechanisms in the anxiolytic-like activity of SeBZF<strong>3</strong><span> in mice. These data offer contributions to the research field of organoselenium compounds and anxiolytics, encouraging the broadening of the search for new effective drugs while offering improved side effect profiles.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 173651"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41123273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FABP5 is important for cognitive function and is an important regulator of the physiological effects and pharmacokinetics of acute Δ9 tetrahydrocannabinol inhalation in mice","authors":"Samantha L. Penman ,&nbsp;Nicole M. Roeder ,&nbsp;Erin C. Berthold ,&nbsp;Alexandria S. Senetra ,&nbsp;Matthew Marion ,&nbsp;Brittany J. Richardson ,&nbsp;Olivia White ,&nbsp;Nathan L. Fearby ,&nbsp;Christopher R. McCurdy ,&nbsp;John Hamilton ,&nbsp;Abhisheak Sharma ,&nbsp;Panayotis K. Thanos","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Fatty acid binding protein<span> 5 (FABP5) interacts with the endocannabinoid system in the brain via </span></span>intracellular transport<span> of anandamide, as well as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive component of cannabis. Previous work has established the behavioral effects of </span></span>genetic deletion<span> of FABP5, but not in the presence of THC. The present study sought to further elucidate the role of FABP5 on the pharmacokinetic and behavioral response to THC through global deletion. Adult FABP5</span></span>^+/+ and FABP5^−/−<span> mice were tested for behavioral response to THC using Open Field (OF), Novel Object Recognition (NOR), T-Maze, Morris Water Maze<span><span> (MWM), and Elevated Plus Maze (EPM). An additional cohort of mice was used to harvest blood, brains, and liver samples to measure THC and metabolites after acute administration of THC. Behavioral tests showed that some </span>cognitive deficits from FABP5 deletion, particularly in MWM, were blocked by THC administration, while this was not observed in other measures of memory and anxiety (such as T-Maze and EPM). Measurement of THC and metabolites in blood serum and brain tissue through UPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that the pharmacokinetics of THC was altered by FABP5. The present study shows further evidence of the importance of FABP5 in cognitive function. Additionally, results showed that FABP5 is an important regulator of the physiological effects and pharmacokinetics of THC.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 173633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10322306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The enteric metabolite, propionic acid, impairs social behavior and increases anxiety in a rodent ASD model: Examining sex differences and the influence of the estrous cycle","authors":"Katie C. Benitah ,&nbsp;Martin Kavaliers ,&nbsp;Klaus-Peter Ossenkopp","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Research suggests that certain gut and dietary factors may worsen behavioral features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Treatment with </span>propionic acid<span> (PPA) has been found to create both brain and behavioral responses in rats that are characteristic of ASD in humans. A consistent male bias in human ASD prevalence has been observed, and several sex-differential genetic and hormonal factors have been suggested to contribute to this bias. The majority of PPA studies in relation to ASD focus on male subjects; research examining the effects of PPA in females is scarce. The present study includes two experiments. Experiment 1 explored sex differences in the effects of </span></span>systemic administration<span><span> of PPA (500 mg/kg, ip) on adult rodent social behavior and anxiety (light-dark test). Experiment 2 investigated differential effects of systemic administration of PPA (500 mg/kg) on social behavior and anxiety in relation to fluctuating estrogen and progesterone levels during the adult rodent </span>estrous cycle<span>. PPA treatment impaired social behavior and increased anxiety in females to the same degree in comparison to PPA-treated males. As well, females treated with PPA in their diestrus<span> phase did not differ significantly in comparison to females administered PPA in their proestrus phase, in terms of reduced social behavior and increased anxiety.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 173630"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10129881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postpartum scarcity-adversity inflicts sex-specific cerebellar adaptations and reward behaviors in adolescence","authors":"Malabika Maulik ,&nbsp;Kassandra Looschen ,&nbsp;Colton Smith ,&nbsp;Khyla Johnson ,&nbsp;Alaina F. Carman ,&nbsp;Cherishma Nagisetty ,&nbsp;Katilyn Corriveau ,&nbsp;Colin Salisbury ,&nbsp;Kayla Deschepper ,&nbsp;Madison Michels ,&nbsp;Angela N. Henderson-Redmond ,&nbsp;Daniel J. Morgan ,&nbsp;Swarup Mitra","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Early life adversity in the form of poor postnatal care is a major developmental stressor impacting behavior<span><span> later in life. Previous studies have shown the impact of early life stress on neurobehavioral abnormalities. Specifically, research has demonstrated how limited bedding and nesting (LBN) materials can cause behavioral deficits in adulthood. There is, however, a limited understanding of how LBN influences sex-specific neurobehavioral adaptation in adolescence, a developmental stage susceptible to psychiatric diseases including substance use disorder. LBN and stress-naive c57BL/6 adolescent male and female mouse offspring were tested for a battery of behaviors including open field, novel object recognition, </span>elevated plus maze, social preference, and morphine-induced </span></span>conditioned place preference<span>. There was a significant sex-specific deficit in social preference in male mice exposed to LBN compared to stress-naïve counterparts and both LBN males and females had a higher preference towards the drug-paired chamber in the morphine-induced conditioned place preference test. These behavioral deficits were concomitant with sex-specific increases in the transcription factor, Klf9 in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) of males. Further, mRNA levels of the circadian gene </span></span><em>Bmal1</em><span><span>, which is known to be transcriptionally regulated by Klf9, were decreased in the DCN. Since Bmal1 has recently been implicated in extracellular matrix<span> modulation, we examined perineuronal nets (PNN) and observed depleted PNN in the DCN of males but not female LBN mice. Overall, we provide a novel understanding of how postpartum adversity impinges on the cerebellar extracellular matrix </span></span>homeostasis, likely, through disruption of the circadian axis by Klf9 that might underlie sex-specific behavioral adaptations in adolescence.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 173620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10565883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10226731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of cue value and the augmentation of heroin seeking in chronically food-restricted male rats under withdrawal","authors":"Firas Sedki,&nbsp;Tracey M. D'Cunha,&nbsp;Damaris Rizzo,&nbsp;Leon Mayers,&nbsp;Jennifer Cohen,&nbsp;Suzanne Trieu Chao,&nbsp;Uri Shalev","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Food restriction augments drug seeking in abstinent rats. The underlying motivational mechanisms, however, remain unclear. We hypothesized that caloric restriction enhances the incentive value attributed to drug-associated cues and, in turn, augments drug seeking. Male rats were trained to lever-press for heroin, and then moved to the animal colony for a forced-abstinence period. Rats were maintained on free access to food (Sated) or subjected to 14 days of food restriction (FDR). In a series of experiments, we assessed the effect of food-restriction on the incentive value of heroin-associated cues. Tests included performance under a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement maintained by heroin-associated cues, acquisition of a novel operant response reinforced by drug-associated cues, effect of food-restriction on operant response reinforced by neutral cues, acquisition of a novel operant response reinforced by drug-associated or neutral cues, and the effect of food-restriction on operant response reinforced by drug-associated or neutral cues, under a discrete choice procedure.</p><p>Food-restriction did not change breakpoints in PR maintained by heroin-associated cues. FDR rats acquired the novel response at a greater level compared to the Sated group. Food-restriction-induced increase in novel-response rate was observed for both heroin-paired and the neutral cue. Responding for a heroin-associated cue was greater than for the neutral cue in both Sated and FDR groups. Response rate for the neutral cue, however, was greater in the FDR versus Sated group.</p><p>Our findings suggest that food restriction increases the conditioned motivational properties of environmental stimuli, including, but not exclusive to, heroin-paired cues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 173636"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10263591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex, but not juvenile stress, affects reversal learning and DRL performance following cocaine administration","authors":"Tracie A. Paine,&nbsp;Caroline Pierotti ,&nbsp;Evan S. Swanson ,&nbsp;Zoë Martin del Campo ,&nbsp;Sydney Kulkarni,&nbsp;Jeffrey Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Early adversity, impulsivity and sex all contribute to the risk of developing substance use disorder. Using rats, we examined how juvenile stress interacts with sex and cocaine to affect performance on a serial reversal task and a differential reinforcement of low rates 10 s (DRL10) task. The expression of dopamine-related proteins in several brain areas was also assessed.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>From postnatal days (PND) 25–29, rats were exposed to a variable stress protocol. In adulthood, rats were trained on the reversal task and the effects of cocaine (0, 10, or 20 mg/kg, IP) on performance were assessed. Next, rats were trained on the DRL10 task and the effects of cocaine on performance were assessed. Finally, brains were extracted, and Western blot analyses conducted.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Juvenile stress did not affect behavior. Sex did not affect baseline performance in either task. In the reversal task, cocaine decreased % high probability responses and the number of rewards earned in both sexes. Cocaine had sex-dependent effects on omissions, low probability responses and response latencies. In the DRL10 task, cocaine decreased the peak latency to respond and the number of rewards earned in both sexes. Cocaine had sex-dependent effects on peak rate of responding, response efficiency, burst responses and long responses. Female rats exhibited increased expression of DRD1 receptors in the striatum.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>These data contribute to the growing literature demonstrating sex differences in the behavioral effects of cocaine and suggest that DRD1 receptors could contribute to the observed behavioral sex differences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 173634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10278919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pilot study examining the relationship between chronic heroin use and telomere length among individuals of African ancestry","authors":"Suky Martinez,&nbsp;Jermaine D. Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Prior research has suggested a possible link between heroin use and shortened telomere<span> length (TL), a marker of cellular aging<span> and genomic stability. We sought to replicate these findings by examining the relationship between TL and heroin use among individuals of African ancestry.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study examined TL among 57 participants [17.5 % female; mean age 48.0 (±6.80) years] of African ancestry with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) and a mean heroin use duration of 18.2 (±10.7) years. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction<span> (qPCR) was used to calculate TL as the ratio between telomere repeat copy number (T) and a single-copy gene, copy number (S). The primary dependent variable was TL (T/S Ratio) measured in kilobase pairs. Covariates included heroin use years and personality traits. Using a hybrid approach, multiple linear regression and Bayesian linear regression examined the association of chronological age, heroin use years and personality traits with TL.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The multiple linear regression model fit the data well, <em>R</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.265, <em>F</em>(7,49) = 2.53, <em>p</em> &lt; .026. Chronological age (<em>β</em> = −0.36, <em>p</em><span> = .017), neuroticism (</span><em>β</em> = 0.46, <em>p</em> = .044), and conscientiousness (<em>β</em> = 0.52, <em>p</em> = .040) were significant predictors of TL. Bayesian linear regression provided moderate support for the alternate hypothesis that chronological age and TL are associated, BF¹⁰ = 5.77, <em>R</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.120. The posterior summary of the coefficient was M = 0.719 (SD = 0.278, 95 % credible interval [−1.28, −0.163]).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Contrary to prior studies, these findings suggest that heroin use duration may not be significantly associated with TL among individuals of African ancestry, highlighting the need for more rigorous research to elucidate the complexity of this relationship.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 173631"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10545475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10212313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}