Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"The enteric metabolite, propionic acid, impairs social behavior and increases anxiety in a rodent ASD model: Examining sex differences and the influence of the estrous cycle","authors":"Katie C. Benitah ,&nbsp;Martin Kavaliers ,&nbsp;Klaus-Peter Ossenkopp","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Research suggests that certain gut and dietary factors may worsen behavioral features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Treatment with </span>propionic acid<span> (PPA) has been found to create both brain and behavioral responses in rats that are characteristic of ASD in humans. A consistent male bias in human ASD prevalence has been observed, and several sex-differential genetic and hormonal factors have been suggested to contribute to this bias. The majority of PPA studies in relation to ASD focus on male subjects; research examining the effects of PPA in females is scarce. The present study includes two experiments. Experiment 1 explored sex differences in the effects of </span></span>systemic administration<span><span> of PPA (500 mg/kg, ip) on adult rodent social behavior and anxiety (light-dark test). Experiment 2 investigated differential effects of systemic administration of PPA (500 mg/kg) on social behavior and anxiety in relation to fluctuating estrogen and progesterone levels during the adult rodent </span>estrous cycle<span>. PPA treatment impaired social behavior and increased anxiety in females to the same degree in comparison to PPA-treated males. As well, females treated with PPA in their diestrus<span> phase did not differ significantly in comparison to females administered PPA in their proestrus phase, in terms of reduced social behavior and increased anxiety.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 173630"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10129881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postpartum scarcity-adversity inflicts sex-specific cerebellar adaptations and reward behaviors in adolescence","authors":"Malabika Maulik ,&nbsp;Kassandra Looschen ,&nbsp;Colton Smith ,&nbsp;Khyla Johnson ,&nbsp;Alaina F. Carman ,&nbsp;Cherishma Nagisetty ,&nbsp;Katilyn Corriveau ,&nbsp;Colin Salisbury ,&nbsp;Kayla Deschepper ,&nbsp;Madison Michels ,&nbsp;Angela N. Henderson-Redmond ,&nbsp;Daniel J. Morgan ,&nbsp;Swarup Mitra","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Early life adversity in the form of poor postnatal care is a major developmental stressor impacting behavior<span><span> later in life. Previous studies have shown the impact of early life stress on neurobehavioral abnormalities. Specifically, research has demonstrated how limited bedding and nesting (LBN) materials can cause behavioral deficits in adulthood. There is, however, a limited understanding of how LBN influences sex-specific neurobehavioral adaptation in adolescence, a developmental stage susceptible to psychiatric diseases including substance use disorder. LBN and stress-naive c57BL/6 adolescent male and female mouse offspring were tested for a battery of behaviors including open field, novel object recognition, </span>elevated plus maze, social preference, and morphine-induced </span></span>conditioned place preference<span>. There was a significant sex-specific deficit in social preference in male mice exposed to LBN compared to stress-naïve counterparts and both LBN males and females had a higher preference towards the drug-paired chamber in the morphine-induced conditioned place preference test. These behavioral deficits were concomitant with sex-specific increases in the transcription factor, Klf9 in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) of males. Further, mRNA levels of the circadian gene </span></span><em>Bmal1</em><span><span>, which is known to be transcriptionally regulated by Klf9, were decreased in the DCN. Since Bmal1 has recently been implicated in extracellular matrix<span> modulation, we examined perineuronal nets (PNN) and observed depleted PNN in the DCN of males but not female LBN mice. Overall, we provide a novel understanding of how postpartum adversity impinges on the cerebellar extracellular matrix </span></span>homeostasis, likely, through disruption of the circadian axis by Klf9 that might underlie sex-specific behavioral adaptations in adolescence.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 173620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10565883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10226731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimenter administered Δ9-THC decreases nicotine self-administration in a rat model","authors":"Antony D. Abraham,&nbsp;Jenny L. Wiley,&nbsp;Julie A. Marusich","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The co-use of nicotine and cannabis has been steadily rising in the United States. Rodent studies suggest that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) could increase addictive qualities of nicotine, but whether repeated THC exposure alters self-administration of nicotine has not been tested. We hypothesized that THC would increase the reinforcing effects of nicotine and alter nicotine intake.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with THC (0, 3, 30 mg/kg) daily for 14 days prior to and during training for intravenous self-administration of nicotine. Rats were allowed to self-administer nicotine for several weeks, then tested for sensitivity to nicotine dose through multiple determinations of a nicotine dose-effect curve with or without THC pretreatment. A separate set of rats were trained on fixed ratio responding for sucrose and assessed for THC effects on </span>behavior.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Post-session THC decreased nicotine self-administration in male and female rats throughout acquisition and maintenance and increased the latency to stable rates of nicotine intake during acquisition. Post-session THC shifted nicotine dose-effect curves downward, and pre-session THC suppressed responding at higher nicotine doses. Unlike nicotine, responding for sucrose was not affected by post-session THC. Pre-session THC decreased responding for sucrose, particularly for THC-naïve rats.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Repeated post-session THC decreased nicotine-taking behaviors but did not alter sucrose responding. Thus, post-session THC may alter sensitivity to nicotine. Pre-session THC treatment decreased lever pressing in both sucrose and nicotine studies, indicating this effect was nonspecific. These studies show that THC modulates patterns of nicotine intake in rat models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 173632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49773275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of cue value and the augmentation of heroin seeking in chronically food-restricted male rats under withdrawal","authors":"Firas Sedki,&nbsp;Tracey M. D'Cunha,&nbsp;Damaris Rizzo,&nbsp;Leon Mayers,&nbsp;Jennifer Cohen,&nbsp;Suzanne Trieu Chao,&nbsp;Uri Shalev","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Food restriction augments drug seeking in abstinent rats. The underlying motivational mechanisms, however, remain unclear. We hypothesized that caloric restriction enhances the incentive value attributed to drug-associated cues and, in turn, augments drug seeking. Male rats were trained to lever-press for heroin, and then moved to the animal colony for a forced-abstinence period. Rats were maintained on free access to food (Sated) or subjected to 14 days of food restriction (FDR). In a series of experiments, we assessed the effect of food-restriction on the incentive value of heroin-associated cues. Tests included performance under a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement maintained by heroin-associated cues, acquisition of a novel operant response reinforced by drug-associated cues, effect of food-restriction on operant response reinforced by neutral cues, acquisition of a novel operant response reinforced by drug-associated or neutral cues, and the effect of food-restriction on operant response reinforced by drug-associated or neutral cues, under a discrete choice procedure.</p><p>Food-restriction did not change breakpoints in PR maintained by heroin-associated cues. FDR rats acquired the novel response at a greater level compared to the Sated group. Food-restriction-induced increase in novel-response rate was observed for both heroin-paired and the neutral cue. Responding for a heroin-associated cue was greater than for the neutral cue in both Sated and FDR groups. Response rate for the neutral cue, however, was greater in the FDR versus Sated group.</p><p>Our findings suggest that food restriction increases the conditioned motivational properties of environmental stimuli, including, but not exclusive to, heroin-paired cues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 173636"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10263591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex, but not juvenile stress, affects reversal learning and DRL performance following cocaine administration","authors":"Tracie A. Paine,&nbsp;Caroline Pierotti ,&nbsp;Evan S. Swanson ,&nbsp;Zoë Martin del Campo ,&nbsp;Sydney Kulkarni,&nbsp;Jeffrey Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Early adversity, impulsivity and sex all contribute to the risk of developing substance use disorder. Using rats, we examined how juvenile stress interacts with sex and cocaine to affect performance on a serial reversal task and a differential reinforcement of low rates 10 s (DRL10) task. The expression of dopamine-related proteins in several brain areas was also assessed.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>From postnatal days (PND) 25–29, rats were exposed to a variable stress protocol. In adulthood, rats were trained on the reversal task and the effects of cocaine (0, 10, or 20 mg/kg, IP) on performance were assessed. Next, rats were trained on the DRL10 task and the effects of cocaine on performance were assessed. Finally, brains were extracted, and Western blot analyses conducted.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Juvenile stress did not affect behavior. Sex did not affect baseline performance in either task. In the reversal task, cocaine decreased % high probability responses and the number of rewards earned in both sexes. Cocaine had sex-dependent effects on omissions, low probability responses and response latencies. In the DRL10 task, cocaine decreased the peak latency to respond and the number of rewards earned in both sexes. Cocaine had sex-dependent effects on peak rate of responding, response efficiency, burst responses and long responses. Female rats exhibited increased expression of DRD1 receptors in the striatum.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>These data contribute to the growing literature demonstrating sex differences in the behavioral effects of cocaine and suggest that DRD1 receptors could contribute to the observed behavioral sex differences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 173634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10278919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pilot study examining the relationship between chronic heroin use and telomere length among individuals of African ancestry","authors":"Suky Martinez,&nbsp;Jermaine D. Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Prior research has suggested a possible link between heroin use and shortened telomere<span> length (TL), a marker of cellular aging<span> and genomic stability. We sought to replicate these findings by examining the relationship between TL and heroin use among individuals of African ancestry.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study examined TL among 57 participants [17.5 % female; mean age 48.0 (±6.80) years] of African ancestry with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) and a mean heroin use duration of 18.2 (±10.7) years. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction<span> (qPCR) was used to calculate TL as the ratio between telomere repeat copy number (T) and a single-copy gene, copy number (S). The primary dependent variable was TL (T/S Ratio) measured in kilobase pairs. Covariates included heroin use years and personality traits. Using a hybrid approach, multiple linear regression and Bayesian linear regression examined the association of chronological age, heroin use years and personality traits with TL.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The multiple linear regression model fit the data well, <em>R</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.265, <em>F</em>(7,49) = 2.53, <em>p</em> &lt; .026. Chronological age (<em>β</em> = −0.36, <em>p</em><span> = .017), neuroticism (</span><em>β</em> = 0.46, <em>p</em> = .044), and conscientiousness (<em>β</em> = 0.52, <em>p</em> = .040) were significant predictors of TL. Bayesian linear regression provided moderate support for the alternate hypothesis that chronological age and TL are associated, BF¹⁰ = 5.77, <em>R</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.120. The posterior summary of the coefficient was M = 0.719 (SD = 0.278, 95 % credible interval [−1.28, −0.163]).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Contrary to prior studies, these findings suggest that heroin use duration may not be significantly associated with TL among individuals of African ancestry, highlighting the need for more rigorous research to elucidate the complexity of this relationship.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 173631"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10545475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10212313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent emotional and autonomic responses to Cyberball in patients with opioid use disorder on opioid agonist treatment","authors":"Maria Lidia Gerra ,&nbsp;Paolo Ossola ,&nbsp;Martina Ardizzi ,&nbsp;Silvia Martorana ,&nbsp;Veronica Leoni ,&nbsp;Paolo Riva ,&nbsp;Emanuele Preti ,&nbsp;Carlo Marchesi ,&nbsp;Vittorio Gallese ,&nbsp;Chiara De Panfilis","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The perception of social exclusion among patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) could be affected by long-term opioid use. This study explores the emotional and cardiac autonomic responses to an experience of ostracism in a sample of participants with OUD on opioid agonist treatment (OAT).</p><p>Twenty patients with OUD and twenty healthy controls (HC) performed a ball-tossing game (<em>Cyberball</em><span>) with two conditions: Inclusion and Ostracism. We measured self-reported ratings of perceived threat towards one's fundamental needs and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) immediately after the game and 10 min after Ostracism (Reflective stage).</span></p><p>Following ostracism, participants with OUD self-reported blunted feelings of threat to the fundamental need to belong. RSA levels were significantly suppressed immediately after ostracism and during the Reflective stage in comparison with HC, indicating an autonomic alteration in response to threatening social situations. Finally, only among HC higher perceived threats towards fundamental needs predicted increases in RSA levels, suggesting an adaptive vagal regulation in response to a perceived threat. Conversely, among patients with OUD the subjective response to ostracism was not associated with the autonomic reaction.</p><p>OAT may have a protective effect against negative feelings of ostracism. However patients with OUD on OAT present poor autonomic regulation in response to social threats, which could reflect their trait hypersensitivity to social rejection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 173619"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10126538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of mGlu2/3 receptors in the striatum alleviates L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and inhibits abnormal postsynaptic molecular expression","authors":"Yang Tan ,&nbsp;Chi Cheng ,&nbsp;Cong Zheng ,&nbsp;Weiqi Zeng ,&nbsp;Xiaoman Yang ,&nbsp;Yu Xu ,&nbsp;Zhaoyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhuoran Ma ,&nbsp;Yan Xu ,&nbsp;Xuebing Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu</span>_2/3<span> receptors) have been regarded as promising candidates for the treatment of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID); however, confirmation is still lacking. As the hub of the basal ganglia circuit, the striatum plays a critical role in action control. Supersensitive responsiveness of glutamatergic<span> corticostriatal input may be the key mechanism for the development of LID. In this study, we first examined the potency of LY354740 (12 mg/kg, </span></span><em>i.p.</em><span><span><span>) in modulating glutamate and dopamine release in lesioned striatum of stable LID rats. Then, we injected LY354740 (20nmoL or 40nmoL in 4 μL of sterile 0.9 % saline) directly into the lesioned striatum to verify its ability to reduce or attenuate L-DOPA-induced abnormal </span>involuntary movements. In experiment conducted in established LID rats, after continuous injection for 4 days, we found that LY354740 significantly reduced the expression of dyskinesia. In another experiment conducted in </span>parkinsonism rat models, we found that LY354740 attenuated the development of LID with an inverted-U dose–response curve. The role of LY354740 in modulating striatal expressions of LID-related molecular changes was also assessed after these behavioral experiments. We found that LY354740 significantly inhibited abnormal expressions of p-Fyn/p-NMDA/p-ERK1/2/p-HistoneH3/ΔFosB, which is in line with its ability to alleviate abnormal involuntary movements in both LID expression and induction phase. Our study indicates that activation of striatal mGlu</span>_2/3 receptors can attenuate the development of dyskinesia in parkinsonism rats and provide some functional improvements in LID rats by inhibiting LID-related molecular changes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 173637"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49855800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of mediodorsal thalamic dopamine receptors inhibited nicotine-induced anxiety in rats: A possible role of corticolimbic NMDA neurotransmission and BDNF expression","authors":"Seyedeh Leila Mousavi ,&nbsp;Ameneh Rezayof ,&nbsp;Sakineh Alijanpour ,&nbsp;Ladan Delphi ,&nbsp;Oveis Hosseinzadeh Sahafi","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The present study aimed to evaluate the functional interaction between the dopaminergic<span><span><span> and glutamatergic<span> systems of the mediodorsal thalamus<span> (MD), the ventral hippocampus (VH), and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in nicotine-induced anxiogenic-like </span></span></span>behaviors<span>. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level changes were measured in the targeted brain areas following the drug treatments. The percentage of time spent in the open arm (% OAT) and open arm entry (% OAE) were calculated in the elevated plus maze (EPM) to measure anxiety-related behaviors in adult male </span></span>Wistar rats. </span></span>Systemic administration<span> of nicotine at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg induced an anxiogenic-like response associated with decreased BDNF levels in the hippocampus and the PFC. Intra-MD microinjection<span><span> of apomorphine (0.1–0.3 μg/rat) induced an anxiogenic-like response, while apomorphine inhibited nicotine-induced anxiogenic-like behaviors associated with increased hippocampal and PFC BDNF expression levels. Interestingly, the blockade of the VH or the PFC </span>NMDA receptors<span> via the microinjection of D-AP5 (0.3–0.5 μg/rat) into the targeted sites reversed the inhibitory effect of apomorphine (0.5 μg/rat, intra-MD) on the nicotine response and led to the decrease of BDNF levels in the hippocampus and the PFC. Also, the microinjection of a higher dose of D-AP5 (0.5 μg/rat, intra-PFC) alone produced an anxiogenic effect. These findings suggest that the functional interaction between the MD dopaminergic D1/D2-like and the VH/PFC glutamatergic NMDA receptors may be partially involved in the anxiogenic-like effects of nicotine, likely via the alteration of BDNF levels in the hippocampus and the PFC.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 173650"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41139544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluoxetine combined with swimming exercise synergistically reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior by normalizing the HPA axis and brain inflammation in mice","authors":"Hassan Amouzad Mahdirejei,&nbsp;Maghsoud Peeri,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani,&nbsp;Forouzan Fattahi Masrour","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Major depression disorder is a debilitating psychiatric disease affecting millions of people worldwide. This disorder is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in high-income countries. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors<span> such as fluoxetine are first-line drugs for treating depression-related disorders, but not all patients respond well to these antidepressants. This study aimed to evaluate whether fluoxetine combined with aerobic exercise can affect </span></span>lipopolysaccharide<span><span> (LPS)-induced depressive-like behavior<span>, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, and brain inflammation in mice. Male mice were exposed to fluoxetine, swimming exercise, or a combination of both and finally treated with LPS. We measured depression-related symptoms such as anhedonia, behavioral </span></span>despair<span>, weight gain, and food intake. Hormones (corticosterone and testosterone) and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10) were also measured in serum and brain (hippocampus and prefrontal cortex), respectively. The findings indicated that LPS induced anhedonia and behavioral despair and increased corticosterone, hippocampal IL-1β, TNF-α, and decreased testosterone and hippocampal IL-10 in mice. Fluoxetine and exercise separately reduced LPS-induced depressive-like behavior, while their combination synergistically reduced these symptoms in LPS-treated mice. We found fluoxetine alone increased food intake and body weight in LPS-treated mice. Fluoxetine and exercise combination reduced corticosterone, hippocampal TNF-α, and prefrontal IL-6 and TNF-α levels and increased testosterone and hippocampal and prefrontal IL-10 levels more effectively than fluoxetine alone in LPS-treated mice. This study suggests that swimming exercise combined with fluoxetine can affect depression-related behavior, HPA axis, and brain inflammation more effectively than when they are used separately.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19893,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 173640"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41139566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}