Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Role of cognitive estimation in decision making: evidence from patients with prefrontal cortex damage.","authors":"Riadh Ouerchefani, Naoufel Ouerchefani, Brahim Kammoun, Mohamed Riadh Ben Rejeb, Didier Le Gall","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2527342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2025.2527342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Inconsistent results have been reported in studies examining how the prefrontal cortex influences decision-making abilities. Moreover, earlier studies have mainly documented the role of executive functions as the primary cognitive mechanism underlying deficits in decision making. However, the involvement of other cognitive domains, particularly those related to logical reasoning - such as cognitive estimation processes - has never been explored in the context of decision-making impairments. The objective of this study is to examine both the association between lesions to different regions of the prefrontal cortex and cognitive estimation with decision making, and whether their implications may vary based on the degree of uncertainty inherent in the decision task.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Thirty patients with prefrontal cortex damage were compared with thirty control subjects matched by gender, age, and education on their performance on the cognitive estimation task and the Iowa Gambling Task assessing decision-making.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with prefrontal cortex damage were significantly impaired compared to control subjects in both these domains. Further analyses, including correlations and regression, indicated that performance on the cognitive estimation task predicts decision-making performance on the Iowa Gambling Task, especially under condition of risk. Finally, voxel-based lesion analysis identified a partially overlapping bilateral prefrontal network, centered within the ventral and dorsomedial areas and extending into the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, associated with deficits in both cognitive estimation and decision-making.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study emphasizes the importance of considering diverse cognitive domains in understanding decision-making impairments, offering new insights that could inform clinical interventions and enhance patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of inflammation, chronic pain, and hypertension on cognitive functioning in an underserved, rural population: a Project FRONTIER study.","authors":"Lauren Chrzanowski, Jonathan Singer, Peter Rerick, Lauren Elliott, Danielle E Levitt, Caroline Cummings, Boris Decourt, Veronica Molinar-Lopez, Volker Neugebauer","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2527341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2025.2527341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammation, chronic pain, and hypertension have been identified as risk factors for cognitive decline; few studies have examined the interplay between multiple risk factors and even fewer have considered these factors in underserved rural populations.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study analyzed the relationships between inflammation, chronic pain, and hypertension with cognitive functioning in an underserved, primarily Hispanic, rural population from Project FRONTIER (Facing Rural Obstacles to Healthcare Now Through Intervention, Education, & Research).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This epidemiological study enrolled 1,864 participants (M_age = 59.68 years, SD_age = 12.21) living in five rural counties in West Texas. Consented participants disclosed medical diagnoses (e.g. chronic pain), completed five cognitive evaluations (i.e. the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, the Trails Making Test A and B, and Clock Drawing 1 and 2), and attended a medical examination during which a physician confirmed existing medical conditions (e.g. hypertension) and collected a blood sample for further analysis (e.g. inflammation markers).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis via MANOVA revealed a multivariate effect of inflammation (V = .02, F(4, 969) = 3.72, <i>p</i> = .006) and a multivariate effect of hypertension (V = .03, F(4, 969) = 6.69, <i>p</i> < .001). There was no multivariate effect for chronic pain (V = .01, F(4,969) = 2.18, <i>p</i> = .07) and no significant two way or three way interaction. Post-hoc ANOVAs further illustrated the relationships between specific cognitive functioning domains and inflammation or hypertension.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current study findings suggest that underserved rural populations have unique epidemiological experiences that are distinct from prior findings in urban populations. Inflammation and hypertension are important clinical considerations as risk factors for cognitive decline. Future research should explore interventions that support rural-dwelling individuals impacted by provider shortages.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normative Data For Nonverbal Memory Tests In A Sample Of Deaf Adults that use French Sign Language.","authors":"Delphine Fleurion, Fanny Vignal, Benoit Drion","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2530564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2025.2530564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Specific cognitive functioning is described among people with prelingual deafness who use sign language. This would be linked to sensorial deprivation from a premature age and associated with early exposure to sign language leading to a different organization of visuo-attentional and linguistic processes in deaf people, and thus to specific functioning of the nonverbal memory system. Due to a lack of validation, psychometric tests cannot be used to assess cognitive and memory disorders in deaf people who communicate in French Sign Language.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We previously transposed the validated a screening test for cognitive impairment into a version adapted for sign language users: Mini-Mental-State - Langue des Signes (MMS-LS). It takes into account the cultural and linguistic characteristics of this population, providing a useful clinical tool for practitioners. The present study was designed to improve assessment of neurocognitive disorders of deaf individuals by establishing normative values for visual memory tests. Thus, the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure and the Doors test from the Doors and People tests were administered to a cohort of 110 deaf signers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Psychometrics analyses showed excellent inter-rater reliability for copy and reproduction in memory tasks. Both tests exhibited excellent internal validity and were found to be sensitive to the presence of neurocognitive disorders as demonstrated in a group of participants with Major Neurocognitive Disorders and a low MMS-LS score.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Normative values, expressed in percentiles, established from these tests must be interpreted with precaution due to the small number of participants. However, these tools could be made available to neuropsychologists to facilitate clinical use, with further advice on how to better take into account the specificity of this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychological function in childhood cancer patients and adult survivors of childhood cancer.","authors":"Lisa M Jacola, Rachel K Peterson, Kaitlin A Oswald-McCloskey, Angela Sekely, Donald J Mabbott, Kim Edelstein","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2521018","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2521018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Population-based incidence rates of childhood and adolescent cancers have increased over the past several decades, and the overall survival rate for childhood cancer exceeds 85% due to advances in treatment. There is a substantial burden of late effects in this growing and youthful survivorship population. In particular, neuropsychological late effects are common and life-altering sequelae of childhood cancer that adversely impact educational attainment, vocational attainment, and social integration. In this review article, we summarize the extant literature to describe neuropsychological late effects in survivors of childhood cancer, including underlying brain mechanisms and contributing individual, clinical, and socioenvironmental risk factors. We review existing guidelines for survivorship care and strategies for implementation of these guidelines via neuropsychological screening that are informed by developmental considerations. We end by identifying future directions for the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychological functioning in non-CNS cancer patients.","authors":"Charlotte Sleurs, Julianne Reilly, Emiliano Santarnecchi, Michael W Parsons","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2523368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2025.2523368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a multifaceted condition, influenced by numerous neurobiological mechanisms and individual risk factors. In the non-CNS oncology population, the concept has increasingly received attention over the last few decades. Neurotoxicity of cancer treatment modalities varies, with effects that are protocol- or agent-dependent that additionally interact with patient-specific characteristics (e.g. age, sex-specific endocrine mechanisms, metabolism, brain reserve, etc.), which differently impacts individual cognitive outcomes. Importantly, CRCI encompasses both patient-reported cognitive complaints and objectively measured cognitive impairments, which may not consistently align. Individually tailored neuropsychological follow-up in oncology is therefore important, which should encompass risk profiling, patient-reported, as well as objective cognitive assessments to support psychoeducation and the development of effective interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review summarizes the historical evolution of CRCI research, biophysiological mechanisms, the clinical presentation, and the array of international guidelines for research and clinical care.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Current findings on interventions are reviewed, and innovative neuroscience-informed rehabilitation approaches are discussed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While these more personalized interventions might hold promise for CRCI, further research is needed to determine their true efficacy, particularly considering the potential influence of practice effects. Additionally, in-depth, large-scale, transdiagnostic, and multimodal investigations are required to advance understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity, individual risk factors, and effective intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of premorbid intelligence in schizophrenia: a systematic literature review.","authors":"Azeezat Aminu, Jane E Aspell, Debora Vasconcelos E Sa, Peter Bright","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2525281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2025.2525281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cognitive impairment is a commonly observed characteristic of people living with schizophrenia (PLWS). Adequate monitoring of intellectual decline and status in this population requires reliable estimates of premorbid IQ because objective IQ data predating schizophrenia onset are often unavailable. However, premorbid IQ estimation in PLWS is frequently complicated by confounding factors. The primary objective of this systematic review is to explore and compare extant approaches for estimating premorbid IQ in PLWS and, in doing so, identify factors that might inform the selection of the most reliable method for this clinical population.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, EBSCOhost, SCOPUS, and The Cochrane Library electronic bibliographic databases. After deduplication, study selection was conducted in line with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality assessment of studies was conducted using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>43 articles involving 8,012 participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were included. Premorbid IQ estimation methods such as the National Adult Reading Test (NART), Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT), Test of Premorbid Functioning (ToPF), Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR), Oklahoma Premorbid Intelligence Estimate (OPIE), demographic regression algorithms, and \"hold\" test approaches based on subtests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) were employed. Studies comparing these methods report inconsistent levels of agreement, with differences associated with factors such as schizophrenia chronicity, age of onset, and years of education.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A range of measures are available for estimating premorbid IQ in people living with schizophrenia. However, their precision is limited by several factors identified in this review. We urge researchers and clinicians to recognize these limitations. We have created an evidence-based guide to support the selection of the most optimal estimation method for premorbid IQ in PLWS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of rumination and anhedonia on daily social and occupational function.","authors":"Sasha Gorrell, Ross Divers, Laura Boxley, Jay C Fournier","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2526650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2025.2526650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rumination (repetitive negative thinking; RNT) and anhedonia are hallmark features of depression and other psychiatric disorders known for their association with executive functioning. However, limited work has directly evaluated associations between these indices and their potential contribution to impairments in social and occupational function. This study investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between RNT and anhedonia with functional outcomes at 6- and 12-months among individuals with elevated depression or anxiety symptoms.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants (<i>N</i> = 92, AgeM[SD] = 22[2.9], 72% female) completed Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales, Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (RNT), Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale, Social Adjustment Scale (SAS-SR), and Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). Participants also completed 7-day daily-diaries capturing social and occupational function; SAS-SR, HPQ, and daily-diaries were repeated at 6- and 12-months. General linear models evaluated baseline associations and linear mixed models tested longitudinal effects of baseline RNT and anhedonia on functional outcomes. Depression, anxiety, age, and sex-at-birth were covaried.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, RNT and anhedonia were associated with lower global and social function, and greater work impairment (ps ≤ .03). Daily diaries showed baseline associations between anhedonia and lower social satisfaction (<i>p</i> = .04) and RNT and greater work impairment (<i>p</i> = .01). Function generally improved over time (ps ≤ .03), and baseline associations with anhedonia tended to diminish (ps < .001). By contrast, baseline RNT continued to impact global, social, and work function and absenteeism (ps ≤ .01) at 12-months. Per daily diaries, baseline RNT predicted reduced social satisfaction (<i>p</i> = .01) and elevated work impairment 12 months later (<i>p</i> = .04).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There were independent clinically significant associations for both anhedonia and RNT with multiple aspects of functioning. Some functional improvements occurred over time, accompanied by attenuated relationships with anhedonia. In contrast, RNT to functioning relationships persisted over 12 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroimaging studies of cognitive dysfunction following cancer and treatment.","authors":"Daniel H S Silverman, Charlotte Sleurs, Rebeca A Gavrila Laic, Ali Amidi, Bihong T Chen, Sabine Deprez, Brenna C McDonald","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2526647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2025.2526647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Survival rates for non-central nervous system cancers (CNS) have markedly improved in recent decades due to advancements in early detection and treatment; however, this progress has also led to a rise in survivors living with long-term side effects, including cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). Neuroimaging has been vital in understanding the impact of cancer and its treatments on brain functioning, revealing changes in brain activity, structure, and connectivity associated with cognitive decline. This review summarizes current neuroimaging research on adults with non-CNS cancers, focusing on alterations in gray and white matter and functional, metabolic, and vascular changes. Consistent findings of alterations in the prefrontal cortex have been observed, with both structural and functional changes observed in patients with CRCI, and limbic and temporal structures also appear to be impacted. These brain changes have been shown to correlate with functioning on objective and self-reported measures of executive functioning and memory. Future research should further explore novel complementary techniques and analytic approaches, to provide more in-depth knowledge on various potential mechanisms contributing to CRCI. Multimodal investigations of biomarkers including genomic interactions, neuroinflammatory processes, oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier disruption, and gut-brain axis effects could yield new insights. Neuroimaging will remain essential in elucidating these mechanisms and their roles in CRCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The national football league concussion settlement race-norming incident in context.","authors":"Philip Gerard Gasquoine","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2523376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2025.2523376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A class action lawsuit filed by two ex-players that claimed the use of race-norms within the 2014 National Football League concussion settlement agreement violated the 14th amendment focused national attention on how the field of clinical neuropsychology assesses racially/ethnically diverse adults.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Review the reasoning behind the introduction of race-norms into clinical neuropsychological practice with the goal of providing concrete assessment and research steps for their replacement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The need for race-norms stemmed from: (a) research that consistently showed that African Americans as a grouping had lower mean scores than European Americans on a wide range of neuropsychological tests, and (b) estimation of preexisting skill level at the 50th percentile of non-racially stratified norms. They successfully reduced false-positive misclassifications among African Americans. Historically, this was preceded by debate over the causation of African versus European mean score differences on intelligence tests. Advances in genetic research have shown that commonly used racial categories are genetically heterogeneous and lack clearly defined genetic boundaries. U.S. racial (and ethnic) categories define populations that differ in their average levels of social and economic advantage/disadvantage and are better viewed as heterogeneous, nonscientific sociopolitical units.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Replacing race-norms involves using performance-based estimates of preexisting skill level that are individualized and not subject to racial profiling. In research, racial/ethnic group comparisons give way to the study of measurable sociocultural dimensions on which these groupings differ that potentially impact neuropsychological test scores. To date, few such dimensions have demonstrated incremental contributions beyond that of years of education except for qualitative aspects of education and bilingualism.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brooding rumination predicts lower cognitive functioning in late-life depression: multivariate multiple regression analyses.","authors":"Kiara Baker, Warren D Taylor, Sarah M Szymkowicz","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2520356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2025.2520356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Late-life depression (LLD) is associated with cognitive deficits, particularly in memory and executive functions. Rumination, namely brooding, may also negatively impact cognition. Few studies have investigated multivariate relationships between depressive symptoms and different types of rumination on cognition in LLD, which was the focus of the current study. We also explored whether relationships differed by gender and depression age of onset.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Cognition was measured via five cognitive composites (Attention/Working Memory, Processing Speed, Language, Episodic Recall, and Executive Functions). LLD who completed both the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) was used in analyses (<i>n</i> = 91). RRS subscales included Brooding and Reflection rumination. Two separate bootstrapped multivariate multiple regressions examined whether MADRS, Brooding, or Reflection, and their respective interactions predicted cognitive performance after covariate adjustments and Bonferroni correction. Exploratory analyses using similar models but stratified by gender and depression age of onset were also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only Brooding significantly predicted cognitive performance in the multivariate omnibus models (<i>F</i>(7,78) = 3.52, <i>p</i> = 0.006). Follow-up univariate analyses showed significant relationships for Language (<i>p</i> = 0.005, BCa 95% CI [-0.09 to -0.02]) and Episodic Recall (<i>p</i> < 0.001, BCa 95% CI [-0.012 to -0.04]) domains, with higher Brooding associated with lower cognitive performances. Exploratory analyses demonstrated a significant multivariate effect of Brooding in both men and women; however, the only significant univariate effect was for Episodic Recall in women (<i>p</i> = 0.025, BCa 95% CI [-0.11 to 0.01]). Age of depression onset was not significant for any of the multivariate models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated Brooding (and not depressive symptoms, Reflection rumination, or their interactions) was associated with lower language and memory functions in LLD. This effect may be greater in women, particularly for memory. Interventions aimed at improving brooding rumination in LLD may also benefit cognitive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144325916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}