Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Attention and executive functioning in pediatric congenital heart disease: a construct-based approach.","authors":"Danielle M Glad, Lauren E Miller, Sara M Markuson, Michelle M Loman","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2661617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2026.2661617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study characterizes the attention and executive functioning (EF) profile of school-age children with congenital heart disease (CHD) using a construct-based approach. It was hypothesized that difficulties in specific attention/EF constructs would be evident, and degree of difficulty would vary by CHD complexity and neurodevelopmental diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Demographic, medical, and neuropsychological data were retrospectively examined from 154 children with CHD aged 6-16 years seen for neuropsychological evaluation between October 2013 and October 2024. Exploratory factor analysis yielded six attention/EF constructs. Constructs were compared to normative means. Frequency of impairment was calculated. CHD complexity and DSM-5 diagnosis on constructs were analyzed with multivariate analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All attention/EF construct scores were significantly lower than normative means. Frequency of impairment varied across constructs; one-third of participants had exceptionally low and below average performances within processing speed, attention, and impulse control constructs. Clinical or subclinical functional inattention and hyperactivity was reported in half of participants, with clinical symptoms reported in one-fourth. Children with simple CHD had worse impulse control and functional inattention and hyperactivity compared to those with complex CHD. Those with only a neurodevelopmental diagnosis performed lower than those with no DSM-5 diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children with CHD had attention/EF deficits across multiple constructs (i.e. skill areas), although frequency and severity of impairment varied by construct. This suggests children with CHD have a neurobehavioral profile that may not fully align with traditional diagnostic categories, which has implications both for diagnosis and intervention. Greater difficulties observed in children with simple CHD emphasize the importance of neurodevelopmental monitoring of all CHD types. Neurodevelopmental diagnosis was associated with lower processing speed, but this skill is not a core diagnostic feature of a neurodevelopmental disorder. Thus, consideration of dimensional diagnostic approaches within a clinical patient population such as CHD is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosing specific learning disorder in adults Part I: conceptual and methodological challenges.","authors":"Allyson G Harrison, Richard Sparks","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2668454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2026.2668454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Specific learning disorders (SLDs) are widely conceptualized as lifelong neurodevelopmental conditions; however, the validity of first-time diagnosis in adulthood, particularly in postsecondary and professional settings, remains poorly defined. Despite more than six decades of research, the field lacks a stable definition and empirically validated diagnostic criteria capable of reliably distinguishing SLD from normative academic variability or contextual disadvantage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Part I of this paper presents a critical narrative review of the historical development of the SLD construct, population prevalence estimates in adults, and the major diagnostic frameworks that have shaped identification practices. We examine evidence concerning IQ - achievement discrepancy models, Response to Intervention, Processing Strengths and Weaknesses approaches, and DSM-IV, DSM-5, and DSM-5-TR criteria, with attention to psychometric validity and diagnostic utility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The reviewed literature demonstrates persistent definitional instability, continued reliance on empirically unsupported discrepancy-based logic, and extreme heterogeneity in adult and postsecondary SLD samples. Diagnostic practices frequently classify individuals with average or above-average academic achievement as SLD, particularly in selective educational contexts. Evidence further indicates that adult SLD diagnoses and associated accommodations are disproportionately concentrated among socioeconomically advantaged students, raising concerns about construct drift, equity, and validity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Contemporary adult SLD identification remains insufficiently anchored to population-referenced academic impairment, developmental continuity, and objective evidence of functional limitation. These shortcomings undermine confidence in SLD as a neurodevelopmental construct. Part II examines the cognitive, professional, and institutional factors sustaining these practices and proposes a stepped, empirically grounded framework for diagnosing SLD in adolescents and adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empathy impairments in patients with gambling disorder.","authors":"Dalia Arafat, Nena Schröer, Georg Juckel, Dae-In Chang, Patrizia Thoma","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2622924","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2622924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In spite of well-documented empathy impairments in substance use disorders and significant overlap in neurobiological and cognitive functioning with behavioral addictions such as gambling disorder (GD), little is known about empathy impairments in GD. The aim of this study was thus to investigate cognitive and emotional empathy and its association with cognitive functioning in GD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five treatment-seeking individuals diagnosed with GD, 25 recently detoxified patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD), and 25 healthy controls (HCs) were assessed using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (self-report measure), and the Multifaceted Empathy Test (behavioral measure) to assess cognitive and emotional empathy, along with three clinical and three cognitive measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GD group scored lower on self-report empathy compared to the AUD group. Additionally, using the behavioral measure, the GD group exhibited lower cognitive empathy compared to HCs but intact emotional empathy. The AUD group, on the other hand, showed higher emotional empathy compared to HCs but intact cognitive empathy. The GD group did not differ from HCs on cognitive measures, but they outperformed the AUD group on the cognitive flexibility task. Specific correlations between cognitive and empathy measures were observed in both clinical groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The behavioral empathy results showed a dissociation between cognitive and emotional empathy impairments in the two different types of addiction, suggesting distinct foci for therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"351-365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of Information processing speed on visuospatial memory encoding and retrieval in multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Pauline T Waskowiak, Suzanne R de Jong, Maureen van Dam, Bernard M J Uitdehaag, Menno M Schoonheim, Hanneke E Hulst, Martin Klein, Brigit A de Jong","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2615962","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2615962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Information processing speed (IPS) is frequently impaired in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and can potentially interfere with functioning in other cognitive domains. A relationship between IPS and visuospatial memory has been shown, but the impact of IPS on the separate components of visuospatial memory remains unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate the association between IPS impairment and encoding, active and passive retrieval, and learning indices of visuospatial memory in PwMS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional data from 92 PwMS with cognitive complaints and 29 matched healthy controls (HCs) were retrospectively analyzed. IPS and visuospatial memory were measured using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test - Revised (BVMT-R), respectively. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to assess the predictive value of IPS impairment (z-score ≤-1.5) for visuospatial encoding, active and passive retrieval, as well as learning indices scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 47.8% of PwMS were impaired on the SDMT. IPS impairment significantly predicted lower performance on the second (ß = -0.26, <i>p</i> = 0.011) and third (ß = -0.29, <i>p</i> = 0.003) learning trials, active retrieval (ß = -0.33, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and learning index (ß = -0.28, <i>p</i> = 0.003) of the BVMT-R in PwMS. No significant association was found between IPS impairment and the initial learning and passive retrieval scores. In HCs, no association between IPS and BVMT-R performance was found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PwMS with IPS impairment perform worse on visuospatial learning and memory, particularly in the later encoding phases and active retrieval of information. These findings highlight the importance of taking IPS impairment into account when interpreting visuospatial memory performance in MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"340-350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146085916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conversion of subjective cognitive decline to MCI and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of sex differences and risk factors.","authors":"Morgan D Tallman, Holly Timblin, Taylor Maynard, Brianna E Kelly, Rebecca K MacAulay","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2609824","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2609824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is an important yet heterogeneous indicator of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Sex and health-related disparities in risk are well established, but differences in prevalence and conversion rates from SCD to MCI/Dementia by risk factor remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This preregistered study followed PRISMA guidelines to conduct a systematic review with a narrative synthesis and meta-analyses. Random-effects meta-analyses calculated the relative risk (RR) of sex, depression, hypertension, and diabetes in conversion from SCD to MCI/dementia. Q and I² statistics investigated heterogeneity. Prevalence rates were also calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five cross-cultural studies (<i>N</i> = 1136) were eligible for the meta-analyses. Participants, on average, had less than 12 years of education. Pooled analyses showed no significant differences in the RR of conversion for depression, hypertension, or diabetes. The pooled conversion rate of SCD to MCI was 17.2% and 8.7% to dementia. Evidence of heterogeneity suggested that the aggregated data may mask differences between studies; thus, unpublished conversion rates on comorbid SCD and the health conditions are reported to inform future research.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Relative risk estimates align with the greater literature and extend them to an inclusive cross-cultural sample with lower education. The significant heterogeneity found underscores the complexity of the interactions between cognitive decline and modifiable risk factors. This study provides novel conversion rates to MCI and dementia for individuals with comorbid SCD and depression, hypertension, and diabetes. We recommend that sex-stratified conversion rates are reported, as limited data prevented our meta-analysis from examining this important dimension of risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"405-417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145862996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary psychometric evaluation of a nonverbal social cue-following test in children with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).","authors":"Belen Haza, Laurence Conty, Charlotte Pinabiaux","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2646254","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2646254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Previous research suggests that children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have difficulties processing gaze cues, potentially impairing their social interactions. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of <i>TooN</i>, a test designed to assess the ability to follow nonverbal social cues. We examined its clinical validity by comparing performance in children with ADHD and typically developing peers, as well as its internal consistency and test-retest reliability.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Clinical validity and internal consistency were assessed in 25 children with ADHD (mean age = 105 months, SD = 17; 6 girls) and 100 typically developing children matched for age and sex. Test-retest reliability was examined in an independent sample of 28 typically developing children (mean age = 103 months, SD = 17; 17 girls) who completed the task twice over a three-week interval.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with ADHD showed longer reaction times and made more errors than typically developing peers. While cueing effects did not significantly differ between groups, only typically developing children showed a reliable gaze cueing effect, and both groups responded to pointing cues. Reaction time measures showed excellent internal consistency in both groups and moderate-to-good test-retest reliability in typically developing children, while cueing effects showed lower reliability. Accuracy measures were highly reliable in the ADHD group but less so in controls, possibly due to ceiling effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TooN provides preliminary evidence relevant to assessing nonverbal social cue-following in children with and without ADHD. The absence of a reliable gaze cueing effect in ADHD is consistent with gaze-processing difficulties and supports the task's relevance for further investigation. However, the limited reliability of cueing effect scores and the absence of test-retest reliability data in ADHD indicate that findings should be interpreted cautiously. Further research should establish test-retest reliability and convergent validity in clinical samples before broader clinical applicability can be determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"366-380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of ACE-III performance validity tests for dementia screening.","authors":"Donnchadh Murphy, Rupert Noad","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2637508","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2637508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Performance validity tests (PVTs) are an essential component of a neuropsychological evaluation. There is a lack of brief validated PVTs for use alongside cognitive screening assessments for dementia. The current study sought to develop and evaluate a series of brief PVTs, which could be embedded into the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE-III) and used in a dementia clinic.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study used a diagnostic accuracy design to compare the performance of 31 individuals with Alzheimer's disease dementia and 26 healthy older adults who simulated having Alzheimer's disease. Participants were asked to complete ACE-III, the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM), and five new brief PVTs developed based on ACE-III items, including the Object Recognition Test, Word Recognition Test, Dot Counting, ACE-III Digit Span, and the Coin in the Box test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TOMM Trial 2 achieved excellent classification accuracy (AUC = 0.92). However, only 65% of people with moderate dementia were able to complete this test, and the standard cut off (45) had low specificity (0.69). Of the ACE-III PVTs, the Combined Object Recognition Test and ACE-III Digit Span test were both accurate in distinguishing between genuine and simulated cognitive impairment and achieved high levels of diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.89 and 0.85 respectively). The remaining PVTs achieved modest classification ability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this research demonstrate that the Object Recognition and ACE-III Digit Span tests are candidate PVTs to be incorporated into the ACE-III for cognitive screening assessments. However, research using a known-group design and confirmatory data analysis procedures are required before these tests can be recommended for clinical practice. Similarly, the administration of PVTs by non-neuropsychologists during cognitive screening will require careful consideration.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"315-327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147344562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive predictors of metacognitive accuracy.","authors":"Christopher S Waller, Michael D Dodd, Michael J Walsh, Seima Al-Momani, Kathy S Chiou","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2644926","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2644926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Metacognitive accuracy involves incorporating rapid in-the-moment self-assessments to discern if one's own judgments are correct/incorrect. Previous literature has alluded to relationships between metacognitive functioning and other higher domains of cognition, such as executive function. This study aimed to build on prior research by investigating the role basic cognitive domains may play in facilitating metamemory monitoring. It was hypothesized that higher levels of executive function, working memory, processing speed, and attention would predict greater performance on measures of metacognitive accuracy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants (<i>N</i> = 105) completed a computerized paradigm involving a multi-trial word list learning task, with different words representing variable point-values. Participants later completed a recognition task. After each item, they reported retrospective confidence judgments. From these, a measure of metacognitive accuracy (meta d') was derived. Participants completed additional cognitive measures of executive function (Trails B), working memory (Backward Digit Span), processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test), and attention (Trails A, Forward Digit Span).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A large percentage of the variability (R² = .386) in metacognitive accuracy was attributed to the predictors in the model, F(5, 99) = 3.457, <i>p</i> = .006. Backward Digit Span and Trails A predicted greater metacognitive accuracy, while Forward Digit Span showed an unexpected negative relationship.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings indicate that greater working memory and visual attention capacity are predictive of greater metacognitive monitoring accuracy. This suggests that more basic, fundamental cognitive processes may facilitate metamemory monitoring in healthy adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"396-404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147480774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symptom clusters and cognitive changes: predictors of recovery timelines following concussion in college athletes.","authors":"Garrett A Thomas, Peter A Arnett","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2644925","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2644925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Further research is warranted to identify factors that may place an individual at greater risk for prolonged recovery, especially those present 24-48 hours post-concussion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data available through FITBIR and the CARE Consortium, this study included 786 athletes. All athletes had available return-to-play (RTP) data which was examined continuously and categorically (>28 days vs ≤28 days). Reliable change index methods were used to examine reliable changes in cognitive performance (ImPACT) and total symptom severity (PCSS) from baseline to post-concussion. We also examined five symptom cluster scores from SCAT-3 as predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linear regression revealed that, when examining cognitive performance, reliable decreases in performance on ImPACT Verbal Memory and Visual Memory composites were associated with longer RTP. When evaluating symptomatology, reliable increase in total PCSS score and higher SCAT-3 Physical Symptom cluster scores were associated with longer RTP. Combining cognitive performance and symptomatology, only the SCAT-3 Physical Symptom Cluster predicted longer RTP. Logistic regression results showed that, when examining cognitive performance, a reliable decrease in ImPACT Visual Memory performance was associated with 62% increased risk for prolonged recovery. When examining symptomatology, increases in SCAT-3 Physical Symptom Cluster scores and a reliable increase in PCSS Total Symptoms resulted in an increased risk for prolonged recovery by 33% and 76%, respectively. When examining cognitive performance and symptomatology, only the SCAT-3 Physical Symptom Cluster was associated with increased risk for prolonged recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, these results demonstrate the unique effects of individual factors on recovery from concussion, particularly physical symptomatology. Further, these findings provide support for targeted, multidomain treatments for concussion based on presenting symptomatology. Future work should continue to explore the effectiveness of early intervention based on symptom profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"328-339"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147467774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the German version of the Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS).","authors":"Inge Hahne, Kerem Böge, Marco Zierhut, Niklas Bergmann, Theresa Schulze, Eric Hahn, Malek Bajbouj, Claudia Calvano, Steffen Moritz, Vida Gajic, Marie Fitzner, Salome Becker, Paul Klusmann, Phillip Kleymann, Elias Thürigen, Stephan Ripke, Alice Braun, Julia Kraft","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2627998","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2627998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) are characterized by cognitive deficits that can significantly impact daily functioning and quality of life. The Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS) is a widely used self-report tool for assessing subjective cognitive impairments. This study validates the German version of the SSTICS. Data from <i>N</i> = 308 participants (38% female) with SSD were analyzed to evaluate factor structure, reliability, and convergent/discriminant validity. A second sample of <i>N</i> = 60 inpatients (37% female) with SSD was used to assess sensitivity to change over a four-week treatment period. The SSTICS and its 14-item short form demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.90 and 0.88, respectively) and reliability (McDonald's ω hierarchical = 0.900 and 0.881, respectively). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a five-factor model (memory, attention, executive functions, language, and praxia): Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.97, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.08. Strong correlations with the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (<i>r</i> = 0.60) and the cognitive domain of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (<i>r =</i> 0.73) supported convergent validity. Low correlations with the cognitive factors of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (<i>r</i> ≤ 0.29) suggest a discrepancy between subjective and clinician-rated cognitive impairments. The SSTICS showed sensitivity to change: minimal detectable change (MDC) = 0.54, though responsiveness was limited: responsiveness ratio (RR) = -0.435. Overall, the German SSTICS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing subjective cognitive impairments in SSD. The study underscores the relevance of self-reported cognitive difficulties in clinical contexts. Future research should explore associations with objective neurocognitive measures and long-term sensitivity to change.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"381-395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146213069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}