Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Another dualism: cognitive versus personality predictors of rumination in later life depression.","authors":"Allison P Gregg, Joseph Kim, Jack Kaufman, Jeremy Maciarz, Vincent Koppelmans, Scott A Langenecker, Regan Patrick, Sara L Weisenbach","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2549999","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2549999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rumination, a predisposing and perpetuating feature of depression, has been linked to personality and cognition. However, little is known about their comparative influence on rumination. This study examined personality and cognitive variables as predictors of rumination in early-onset, later life depression (LLD) relative to healthy controls (HC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 98 adults aged 55-79 divided into an HC group and LLD group (including active and remitted depression). Secondary analysis considered the subset of LLD with a current depressive episode to investigate effects in state-level depression. Personality predictors included the five domains assessed by the NEO-PI-R. Cognitive domains were executive functioning, attention, and global cognitive ability. Hierarchical linear regressions included predictors of rumination, with variable blocks composed of 1) demographic characteristics, 2) group (LLD vs HC), 3) cognitive/personality variables, and 4) interaction terms for variables with significant main effects. Secondary state depression analysis considered MADRS score in the second block and select predictors in the third block.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group (LLD vs HC) significantly predicted rumination in the primary analysis and remained significant following inclusion of all cognitive and personality variables. Neuroticism, and less significantly perseveration on the WCST, also predicted rumination; while there was some indication that cognitive variables were associated with increased rumination in LLD, results overall did not reach significance. MADRS score significantly predicted rumination in the secondary analysis, though predictor variables did not moderate this association.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results demonstrate that personality, namely neuroticism, is more predictive of rumination than cognition in older adults. Depression history, neuroticism, and to a lesser extent cognitive flexibility were associated with higher levels of rumination in LLD, while only depression symptom severity was predictive of rumination in state depression. Findings suggest personality is more related to rumination than cognition in LLD, though the relationship may be distinct for state and trait depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"194-203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144955837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autistic traits in children with comorbid Specific Learning Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: cognitive, behavioral, and teacher-reported predictors.","authors":"Makbule Esen Öksüzoğlu, Dilek Ünal, Kevser Nalbant, Buket Kiliç, H Berna Devecioğlu, Kemal Saruhan, Beyza Ergül, Yusuf Selman Çelik","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2592816","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2592816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children with comorbid Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often show elevated autistic traits, yet contributing cognitive and behavioral factors remain underexplored. This study compared cognitive-behavioral profiles of ADHD-only and SLD+ADHD groups and identified key autistic trait predictors using a multi-informant approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 150 children aged 8-12 years, equally divided into ADHD-only and SLD+ADHD groups. Assessments included the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) for autistic traits, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for emotional-behavioral problems, a teacher-rated SLD Symptom Checklist (SLD-SC), and a clinician-administered cognitive battery (SLD-Battery of Cognitive Skills [SLD-BC]).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Controlling for ADHD medication, children with SLD+ADHD had significantly higher SRS scores (<i>p</i> < .001), greater impairments on SLD-SC and SLD-BC, and higher SDQ-impact scores (<i>p</i> = .046). Stepwise regression identified SLD diagnosis, SLD-SC motivation and hyperactivity, SLD-BC head test and motor skills, and SDQ peer problems and hyperactivity as significant predictors of SRS scores, explaining 48.0% of the variance (R² = .480, F(7, 142) = 18.703, <i>p</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Autistic traits in children with neurodevelopmental comorbidity are closely tied to motivational, executive, and sensorimotor deficits. Findings emphasize the need for integrated cognitive, behavioral, and teacher-reported evaluations to guide targeted interventions in complex developmental profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"24-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145556933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brooding rumination predicts lower cognitive functioning in late-life depression: multivariate multiple regression analyses.","authors":"Kiara Baker, Warren D Taylor, Sarah M Szymkowicz","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2520356","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2520356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Late-life depression (LLD) is associated with cognitive deficits, particularly in memory and executive functions. Rumination, namely brooding, may also negatively impact cognition. Few studies have investigated multivariate relationships between depressive symptoms and different types of rumination on cognition in LLD, which was the focus of the current study. We also explored whether relationships differed by gender and depression age of onset.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Cognition was measured via five cognitive composites (Attention/Working Memory, Processing Speed, Language, Episodic Recall, and Executive Functions). LLD who completed both the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) was used in analyses (<i>n</i> = 91). RRS subscales included Brooding and Reflection rumination. Two separate bootstrapped multivariate multiple regressions examined whether MADRS, Brooding, or Reflection, and their respective interactions predicted cognitive performance after covariate adjustments and Bonferroni correction. Exploratory analyses using similar models but stratified by gender and depression age of onset were also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only Brooding significantly predicted cognitive performance in the multivariate omnibus models (<i>F</i>(7,78) = 3.52, <i>p</i> = 0.006). Follow-up univariate analyses showed significant relationships for Language (<i>p</i> = 0.005, BCa 95% CI [-0.09 to -0.02]) and Episodic Recall (<i>p</i> < 0.001, BCa 95% CI [-0.012 to -0.04]) domains, with higher Brooding associated with lower cognitive performances. Exploratory analyses demonstrated a significant multivariate effect of Brooding in both men and women; however, the only significant univariate effect was for Episodic Recall in women (<i>p</i> = 0.025, BCa 95% CI [-0.11 to 0.01]). Age of depression onset was not significant for any of the multivariate models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated Brooding (and not depressive symptoms, Reflection rumination, or their interactions) was associated with lower language and memory functions in LLD. This effect may be greater in women, particularly for memory. Interventions aimed at improving brooding rumination in LLD may also benefit cognitive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"142-155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12354303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144325916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of rumination and anhedonia on daily social and occupational function.","authors":"Sasha Gorrell, Ross Divers, Laura Boxley, Jay C Fournier","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2526650","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2526650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rumination (repetitive negative thinking; RNT) and anhedonia are hallmark features of depression and other psychiatric disorders known for their association with executive functioning. However, limited work has directly evaluated associations between these indices and their potential contribution to impairments in social and occupational function. This study investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between RNT and anhedonia with functional outcomes at 6- and 12-months among individuals with elevated depression or anxiety symptoms.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants (<i>N</i> = 92, AgeM[SD] = 22[2.9], 72% female) completed Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales, Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (RNT), Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale, Social Adjustment Scale (SAS-SR), and Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). Participants also completed 7-day daily-diaries capturing social and occupational function; SAS-SR, HPQ, and daily-diaries were repeated at 6- and 12-months. General linear models evaluated baseline associations and linear mixed models tested longitudinal effects of baseline RNT and anhedonia on functional outcomes. Depression, anxiety, age, and sex-at-birth were covaried.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, RNT and anhedonia were associated with lower global and social function, and greater work impairment (ps ≤ .03). Daily diaries showed baseline associations between anhedonia and lower social satisfaction (<i>p</i> = .04) and RNT and greater work impairment (<i>p</i> = .01). Function generally improved over time (ps ≤ .03), and baseline associations with anhedonia tended to diminish (ps < .001). By contrast, baseline RNT continued to impact global, social, and work function and absenteeism (ps ≤ .01) at 12-months. Per daily diaries, baseline RNT predicted reduced social satisfaction (<i>p</i> = .01) and elevated work impairment 12 months later (<i>p</i> = .04).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There were independent clinically significant associations for both anhedonia and RNT with multiple aspects of functioning. Some functional improvements occurred over time, accompanied by attenuated relationships with anhedonia. In contrast, RNT to functioning relationships persisted over 12 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"115-128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12273777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the moderating role of adverse childhood experiences on the link between executive functioning and depressive/anger rumination among adolescents.","authors":"Chrystal Vergara-Lopez, Esteban Ortiz, Milagros Grados, Shira Dunsiger, Beth C Bock, Nicole R Nugent, Laura R Stroud, Michael Armey, Audrey R Tyrka, Stephanie H Parade","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2547737","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2547737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are theorized to amplify the effects of poor executive functioning (EF) leading to rumination. Though, few studies test this hypothesis among adolescents. Rumination is a transdiagnostic risk factor linked to mental health problems. We tested the moderating effect of ACEs (across informants) on the association between EF (measured using neutral and negative stimuli) and depressive and anger rumination.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Youth were initially recruited at 3-5 years-old for a longitudinal project examining the biopsychosocial consequences of child maltreatment. These analyses are based on a follow-up study that included adolescents (<i>n</i> = 48; ages 14-16; <i>M</i> = 14.86, SD = .50) who completed self-reports of lifetime ACEs, depressive and anger rumination, and the affective interference resolution task (a measure of EF). Additionally, a caregiver provided lifetime report of youth ACEs, and early childhood ACEs (3-5 years of age) were assessed using child protective records and caregiver interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Contrary to expectations, EF in the context of negative information was not associated with any form of rumination. Instead, poor EF in the context of neutral information was associated with more anger rumination for adolescents who experience two or more ACEs per adolescent report (b = .01, <i>p</i> = .011), or three or more ACEs per caregiver report (b = .01, <i>p</i> = .046) after controlling for gender and current mental health problems; however, these effects were no longer significant when mental health problems were removed as a covariate. Furthermore, the interaction utilizing early childhood ACEs was not significant. Lastly, the interactions between ACEs and EF assessed with neutral information on depressive rumination and brooding were null.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is some support for the interactive relationship between EF and ACEs on rumination. However, statistical significance varies based on model specification and assessment of constructs. It is important to utilize multi-informants to assess ACEs, EF measured across valenced stimuli, and broad conceptualizations of rumination.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"129-141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12704321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144955830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interplay of rumination and error-related brain activity in the prospective prediction of depressive symptoms among youth.","authors":"Noah Kingston, Jennifer Suor, Caley Lane, Christine Roberts, Scott A Langenecker, Katie L Burkhouse","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2568520","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2568520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rumination is a risk factor for the development of depression among adolescents. However, not all at-risk youth develop depression, suggesting the presence of factors that moderate risk patterns. Error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential indexing cognitive error processing, has been associated with both rumination and internalizing symptoms. However, it remains unknown whether ERN interacts with rumination to predict youth internalizing symptoms and if the interaction effects are specific to depression and anxiety symptoms. The current study examined the interplay of ERN and rumination in the 12-month prospective prediction of anxiety and depressive symptoms in a sample of youth.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants included 60 youth (ages 9-16, 88% female) enrolled in a study on the intergenerational transmission of depression. At baseline, youth completed a self-report measure of rumination and a Flanker error monitoring task during electroencephalography to measure ERN. Youth completed self-report measures of depressive and anxiety symptoms at baseline and 12-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed a two-way interaction between baseline child ERN and rumination in the prediction of 12-month depressive symptoms. Follow-up analysis indicated that greater baseline rumination predicted increases in depressive symptoms at 12-months for youth exhibiting a more enhanced ERN, but not for youth demonstrating a blunted ERN. This effect remained after covarying for child age, race, sex, and maternal depression history. Results revealed no significant interactive effect between child ERN and rumination in predicting 12-month anxiety symptoms.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings highlight the unique interplay of rumination and neural error processing in the prospective prediction of youth depressive symptoms. If replicated, these results would suggest that rumination-targeted prevention programs may be particularly effective for reducing depressive symptoms among youth exhibiting an enhanced ERN.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"204-212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12766633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotion regulation strategies in subclinical insomnia: electrophysiological insights into neural processing differences.","authors":"Siyu Li, Zhuo Wang, Yun Li, Jiankun Su, Taotao Ru, Qingwei Chen, Guofu Zhou","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2596936","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2596936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the neurobehavioral differences in emotion regulation strategies between individuals with insomnia disorder (ID) and normal controls (NC) using electrophysiological (EEG) assessment, addressing the research gap in understanding how insomnia affects emotion regulation strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five individuals with subclinical insomnia disorder symptoms (ID group) and twenty-two normal controls (NC group) were recruited from local universities. Participants completed emotion regulation tasks using Neutral-View (NV) and Controlled Reappraisal (CR) strategies while undergoing EEG recording. Behavioral responses, EEG measures including frontal alpha asymmetry, Event-Related Potentials (ERPs), and frequency-domain analyses were collected and compared between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Behaviorally, the ID group showed longer response times when using NV versus CR strategy, while NC group showed no such difference. The ID group also reported lower arousal levels to emotional stimuli. Electrophysiologically, the ID group exhibited decreased frontal left-right alpha asymmetry and altered ERP components, including smaller N2, P2, and Late Positive Potential (LPP) amplitudes, but larger P3 amplitudes compared to NC group. Time-Frequency analysis revealed that ID group demonstrated greater theta power overall and enhanced posterior alpha power specifically when using CR strategy for negative images. In contrast, NC group showed distinct anterior-posterior beta power differences during NV strategy that were absent in ID group. Importantly, alpha oscillations correlated significantly with behavioral performance in NC group but not in ID group, suggesting altered brain-behavior coupling in insomnia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that individuals with insomnia demonstrate distinct behavioral responses to top-down emotion regulation. The observed alterations in neural response patterns may serve as contributors to the persistence of both insomnia and associated emotional dysregulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"77-91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145763007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Montefiore Einstein Robust Geriatric Normative Project (MERGER-NP): clinical decision rules for incorporating word reading into regression-based demographic norms and estimating premorbid cognitive functioning.","authors":"Bryan M Freilich, Roee Holtzer","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2601677","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2601677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study expands on the Montefiore Einstein Robust Geriatric (MERGER) norms by providing normative data for two word reading tests (WTAR, AMNART). We also developed regression-based prediction formulas for these tests using demographics and a novel measure of cognitive literacy engagement, establishing base rates for discrepancies between actual and predicted scores. Discrepancy base rates for global cognition, derived from regression-based norms using word reading and demographic factors, were also examined to support detection of cognitive decline.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The MERGER sample included 420 community-dwelling older adults. Backward regression analyses predicted WTAR and AMNART scores. Base rates were calculated for discrepancies on the WTAR, AMNART, and the RBANS Global Cognition Index (GCI). One-way ANOVAs compared discrepancy scores across MERGER, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia groups. Clinically meaningful cutoffs were set at the 10% base rate, and ROC curves assessed diagnostic accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Normative data for WTAR and AMNART are presented. Cognitive literacy engagement significantly predicted both WTAR and AMNART scores, explaining small but significant variance. Base rate tables for discrepancies in word reading and GCI are provided. Mean discrepancies in the MERGER sample between actual and predicted word reading scores were near zero. ANOVAs showed MERGER participants had significantly smaller negative discrepancies than the MCI and dementia groups. For MCI detection, WTAR and AMNART discrepancies showed low sensitivity (17-24%) at 90% specificity. In the dementia group, sensitivities were fair (24-29%), improving in a subgroup diagnosed at their initial study visit (30-40%) with acceptable diagnostic accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides normative data and discrepancy base rates for word reading and global cognition, enhancing the clinical applicability of MERGER norms. These results support more precise interpretation of word reading abilities in older adults, aiding in the differentiation of typical versus atypical cognitive profiles and improving diagnostic confidence when evaluating potential cognitive decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"12-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145714611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time in remission from depression predicts cognitive-affective regulation dynamics in everyday life.","authors":"Umiemah Farrukh, Sarah L Zapetis, Janet Li, Ellie P Xu, Jonathan P Stange","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2549369","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2549369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Impairment in affect regulation continues even after remission from depression. However, little is known about whether difficulties in affect regulation persist or improve as time in remission grows and how they manifest in everyday life. With the aim of addressing this gap, we hypothesized that greater time in remission would correspond with more positive affect and perceived regulatory success, and with less negative affect, perseverative cognition, and momentary impulsivity. An exploratory aim was to determine whether executive dysfunction would mediate relationships between time in remission and regulatory outcomes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sample of 42 young adults with remitted major depressive disorder completed ecological momentary assessments, which included measures of positive and negative affect, perseverative cognition (rumination and worry), perceived regulatory success, and momentary impulsivity multiple times per day across the assessment period. Each person's mean level and variability of these constructs was computed and time in remission was calculated using a semi-structured clinical interview.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regression analyses indicated that a shorter time in remission predicted higher levels of negative affect, perseverative cognition, and momentary impulsivity and less perceived success with regulating affect in everyday life (<i>p</i>s < .05). Shorter time in remission also predicted more variability in perseverative cognition and positive and negative affect.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Although cognitive-affective processes often are conceptualized as traits, our data indicate that these measures are dynamic, fluctuating across the course of a week. Several of these processes also appear to attenuate and stabilize as depressive episodes become more distal. These findings have important clinical implications, suggesting that remitted individuals may continue to benefit from interventions to reduce impulsive and perseverative cognitive-behavioral patterns and improve regulation success and affective stability. Interventions may have particular utility earlier in remission when these skills may be more impaired, with the goal of restoring functioning and reducing the likelihood of relapse.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"181-193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12581654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered subjective time perception and cognitive performance following three days of sleep restriction in healthy adults.","authors":"Gülhan Cansu Şen, Nurcan Erdoğan Kurtaran, Levent Öztürk","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2596925","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2596925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intricate role of sleep in sustaining critical physiological functions and preserving cognitive integrity is well-established. Inadequate sleep, whether in duration or quality, profoundly impairs fundamental cognitive functions, including memory consolidation, sustained attention, executive decision-making, and temporal perception. This study endeavors to explore the effects of short-term sleep restriction on subjective time perception employing both retrospective and prospective paradigms to unveil how acute sleep restriction reshapes temporal cognition in healthy adults. Following ethical approval, 31 healthy volunteers aged between 18 and 35 years participated. The experimental protocol which included assessments conducted under two conditions: after four consecutive nights of regular sleep and following three nights of sleep restriction, during which participants' sleep duration was reduced by two hours per night. Subjective time perception was evaluated using both retrospective and prospective time generation tasks (RTP and PTP). To assess cognitive performance, participants completed the Stroop test, which measures selective attention and cognitive flexibility, and the Wechsler Memory Scale-III (WMS-III), a validated instrument for evaluating short-term and working memory functions. The RTP after sleep restriction showed a significant prolongation compared to regular sleep duration (20.2 ± 8.8 vs 26.6 ± 12.3 sec, respectively; ANOVA <i>p</i> < 0.001). Short-term and working memory performances decreased after sleep restriction (10.8 ± 1.9 vs 10.0 ± 2.1 sec and 12.3 ± 2.1 vs 11.4 ± 2.3 sec respectively; ANOVA <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001 for both). Even moderate sleep restriction (e.g. a two-hour reduction) disrupts temporal cognition and memory, underscoring the critical need for sufficient sleep to sustain optimal cognitive performance in high-demand scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"64-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145633987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}