Journal of Neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Double-blind, sham-controlled, trial of rhythmic 10 Hz median nerve stimulation for the reduction of tics in Tourette syndrome: Analyses of 3-month follow-up data for those receiving active stimulation.","authors":"Stephen R Jackson, Barbara Morera Maiquez, Georgina M Jackson","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tourette syndrome [TS] is a neurological disorder of childhood onset characterised by the occurrence of tics: repetitive, purposeless movements or vocalisations. Effective treatment for tic disorders is an area of considerable unmet clinical need. A pre-registered UK-wide parallel double-blind sham-controlled trial, consisting of 4-weeks of daily home-administered rhythmic 10 Hz median nerve stimulation [rMNS], demonstrated that 10 Hz rMNS reduced tic frequency during stimulation, relative to a sham-stimulation control group and produced a significant reduction in tic severity at the end of a 4-week period of daily 10-min periods of stimulation (again relative to a sham-stimulation control group). The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, in the interests of clarity, to report the effects of 4-weeks of daily rMNS on secondary measures of neuropsychiatric conditions that commonly co-occur with TS, specifically obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD] and anxiety disorder, that were not reported in the previous paper. Second, for completeness, to report the effects of rMNS on primary and secondary clinical measures at the point of a 3-month follow-up for the group who received active stimulation. The results demonstrate that, after 4 weeks of daily stimulation, motor and vocal tic severity scores, premonitory urge experiences and OCD symptoms were substantially reduced relative to baseline levels. Importantly, this reduction in motor and vocal tic severity scores, premonitory urge experiences and OCD symptoms persisted at the 3-month follow-up point, indicating that clinical benefits can outlast the immediate period of stimulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148899925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of CR1 polymorphism, education and occupation with high cognitive functioning in older adults: A Brazilian sample.","authors":"Gabriel Sousa Andrade, Cynthia Costa Salomão, Julia Teixeira Lucena, Patrícia de Araujo-Souza, Amer Cavalheiro Hamdan","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although ageing is naturally associated with cognitive decline, some lifestyle factors, such as formal education and occupational complexity, were shown to promote the preservation of cognitive functions such as memory. Genetic factors, such as the Complement Receptor 1 (CR1) gene, were also identified to have an impact on cognition. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the associations of education, occupational complexity, and CR1 polymorphisms (rs6656401) with cognitive functions in a sample of autonomous, healthy older adults. A final sample of 102 participants was tested for executive functions, episodic memory, non-verbal memory, and reaction speed, while the final sample for the genetic assessment was 48. The mPACC scores were calculated in order to classify the participants into standard or High-Performing Older Adults. The lifelong occupations were classified according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations-08 criteria. The results revealed that education was more strongly associated with cognitive performance than occupational complexity. However, occupational complexity was independently associated with mental state among the highest education group. Furthermore, normative scores for older adults over 75 are provided. The CR1 AG/AA genotypes were associated with poorer memory performance among older participants, although these exploratory findings should be interpreted with caution due to the limited genetic sample size. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that both education and occupation are associated with higher cognitive performance in older adults. The findings also suggest distinct cognitive effects of CR1 polymorphisms regarding ageing, although these results should be considered hypothesis-generating rather than confirmatory.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148896288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating and interpreting psychometric networks in neuropsychology: A tutorial with conceptual extensions.","authors":"Giorgia Tosi, Daniele Romano","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Network psychometrics has emerged as a promising framework for modelling the structure of neuropsychological data, offering a complementary perspective to traditional latent variable approaches or single test approaches. In neuropsychology, test performance is rarely interpreted in isolation, but rather as reflecting interacting cognitive processes. Network models provide a formal framework to represent these interdependencies by estimating conditional associations among observed variables. The present article provides a comprehensive tutorial on the estimation and interpretation of psychometric networks in neuropsychology. First, we offer a step-by-step guide to estimating a cross-sectional Gaussian Graphical Model (GGM), including data preparation, model selection, regularization, visualization and stability assessment, using a neuropsychological dataset from patients with Alzheimer's disease. Particular emphasis is placed on best practices for ensuring reproducibility and robustness, including the use of bootstrap procedures and reporting standards. Second, we outline key methodological extensions, including Exploratory Graph Analysis for dimensionality assessment, joint graphical models and Network Comparison Test for group comparisons, mixed graphical models for heterogeneous data and longitudinal network approaches. These methods are presented conceptually to illustrate how network analysis can be extended beyond basic cross-sectional applications. Finally, we discuss the strengths and limitations of network psychometrics in neuropsychology. We emphasize that network models represent statistical associations among observed test scores rather than direct representations of cognitive architecture and that their interpretation requires theoretical caution. When applied with methodological rigour and conceptual restraint, network analysis provides a flexible and integrative framework for investigating the structure of cognitive systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148885957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual differences in set-shifting and levodopa responsiveness in Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Aleksandra Fijałkiewicz, Krzysztof Batko, Małgorzata Dec-Ćwiek, Karolina Porębska, Barbara Bętkowska-Korpała, Aleksandra Gruszka","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perseveration (PE) and learned irrelevance (LI) are two distinct processes that shape attentional set-shifting in Parkinson's disease (PD). Whether LI and PE are dopamine-dependent remains unclear. We investigated whether PE and LI may be dissociated in early PD and whether these switch conditions are associated with an individual motor response to levodopa. Fifty patients with early idiopathic PD (Hoehn-Yahr I-II) were assessed OFF and ON levodopa in a counterbalanced crossover design, and 50 age- and sex-matched controls completed the same computerized LI/PE explicit-rule task twice. Log-transformed reaction time (RT) and accuracy were modelled using linear mixed effect models adjusted for global cognition, verbal fluency, and executive function, with within-PD models additionally testing period-adjusted. We also explored the addition of patients' motor response OFF versus ON levodopa, quantified as change in UPDRS-III, as a moderator variable. Overall, LI incurred the largest RT cost in both PD and controls, whereas PE was tied to a smaller but reliable cost. Levodopa status did not affect switching costs at the PD group level, whereas OFF medication patients did not differ from controls after adjustment for cognitive covariates. In exploratory analyses, a larger motor response to levodopa was associated with greater overall ON-state slowing (PE, p = .031; LI, p = .027). However, the effect size was small and only partly robust in sensitivity analyses, which requires further validation. Taken together, in early, cognitively preserved PD, PE and LI are characterized with partly separable behavioural profiles, though on average, levodopa did not alter switching costs. Individual motor improvement after dopaminergic treatment may be linked to shifting performance variability, but this requires further study and clarification.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148885966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing social and linguistic skills in children with autism: A semi-randomized controlled clinical trial of a virtual reality-based communicative rehabilitation programme.","authors":"Hassnaa O Mohammed, Ehab M Eid, Enas Rady Younes","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication, and conventional therapies often struggle to facilitate the generalization of these skills to real-world settings. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a virtual reality (VR)-based communication rehabilitation intervention as a supplement to conventional treatment for improving the linguistic and social communication skills of Arabic-speaking Egyptian children with ASD. A clinical trial with a pretest-posttest control group design was employed, wherein 60 children aged 4-6 years with mild to moderate ASD were assigned to either VR plus conventional therapy (Group I, n = 30) or conventional therapy alone (Group II, n = 30). Over 6 months, participants received 2 weekly 30-min sessions. Outcomes were measured at baseline, immediately post-intervention and at a 3-month follow-up using the Preschool Language Scale-Fourth Edition, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale-Second Edition and an ASD Social Skills Scale. Group I demonstrated statistically significant improvements in receptive and expressive language ages (p < .001) and total social skills scores (p < .001) compared to Group II. Crucially, these therapeutic gains were sustained at the 3-month follow-up with no significant deterioration (p > .05). VR-based communication rehabilitation is a highly effective and sustainable intervention for supplementing language and social skills in young children with ASD. Its integration into clinical practice provides a scalable, engaging and culturally adaptable platform for neurodevelopmental care.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Seattle-Groningen Memory Assessment in healthy adults.","authors":"Thomas Wilschut, Joshua Panesar, Ruben D Potthoff, Joost A Agelink van Rentergem, Sanne B Schagen, Hedderik van Rijn","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brief assessments are increasingly important for scalable and accessible measurement of cognitive function. The Seattle-Groningen Memory Assessment (SGMA) is an accessible memory test that quantifies individual differences in the speed of forgetting through a computational model. Unlike traditional outcome-based screening tools, the SGMA derives a mechanistic memory score from both response accuracy and response latency during an 8-min session. Despite promising clinical and research applications, the psychometric properties of the SGMA have not been systematically evaluated. In this study, 100 healthy young adults completed two SGMA sessions spaced approximately 2 weeks apart, alongside seven neuropsychological tests from the Amsterdam Cognition Scan (ACS) and questionnaires assessing depression, anxiety and stress. The SGMA memory score showed moderate concurrent validity with ACS declarative memory measures and good discriminant validity with respect to attention, processing speed, executive functioning and affective symptoms. Test-retest reliability was moderate to good (ICC3 = .68), and practice effects on the memory score were minimal and well below the minimal detectable change, supporting the suitability of the SGMA for repeated administration. Together, these findings establish the SGMA as a psychometrically sound and repeatable brief memory assessment with strong potential for both research and clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-design and preliminary evaluation of a quality measure for informational resources for people with disability.","authors":"Megan Topping, Stacey Oliver, Kate D'Cruz, Jacinta Douglas","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Access to clear, accurate and accessible information is essential for people with disability to exercise choice and control, as outlined in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. However, few tools exist to evaluate the quality of informational resources from the perspective of people with disability. This study aimed to co-design a pilot measure to assess the quality of informational resources for people with disability and to conduct a preliminary evaluation of its content validity. A mixed-methods design was applied, informed by best-practice guidance from COSMIN, Boateng et al. and co-design frameworks. Phase 1 involved a rapid review and four co-design workshops with four adults with physical and neurological disabilities to identify key constructs and develop a pilot measure. Phase 2 comprised two rounds of cognitive interviews (n = 20) and secondary analysis of pilot data (n = 74 responses) to assess content validity and item performance. Co-design contributors identified three core domains of informational quality-accessibility, informativeness and engagement-resulting in a 14-item pilot measure. Cognitive interviews demonstrated good comprehension, relevance and usability. Minor revisions improved clarity and accessibility, reducing the measure to 12 items. Secondary analysis indicated consistently high ratings across items, with responses clustered in the higher categories. This study produced the first co-designed measure for evaluating the quality of informational resources for people with disability. Centring lived experience in measure development provides a foundation for inclusive evaluation, supporting more accessible information, informed decision-making and greater autonomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148816869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotion recognition in multiple sclerosis: The influence of processing speed and cognitive reserve.","authors":"Anna Panagiota Palama, Nikolaos Mitsoudis, Ioannis Nikolakakis, Artemios Artemiadis, Panagiotis Ioannidis, Christos Bakirtzis","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social cognitive impairment significantly impacts the quality of life in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study investigated the structural, clinical and functional predictors of emotion recognition in 48 MS patients (26 Relapsing-Remitting, 22 Progressive) and 40 matched healthy controls (HCs). All participants were assessed for emotion recognition (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test [RMET]). The MS cohort was additionally assessed for information processing speed (IPS) (Symbol Digit Modalities Test [SDMT]) and cognitive reserve (CR) (Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire [CRIq]). Confounding clinical variables were quantified, including physical disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS]), fatigue (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale [MFIS]) and affective symptoms (Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale [DASS-21]). Regional cortical volumes were extracted utilizing 3T MRI automated parcellation. Patients with Progressive MS exhibited profound emotion recognition deficits compared to HCs (p = 0.006). Multivariate regression identified IPS (β = 0.352) and CR (β = 0.289) as the only significant independent predictors of RMET accuracy. These functional variables statistically eclipsed the influence of focal anterior insular atrophy, perceived fatigue and mood symptoms. Emotion recognition impairment in MS is primarily driven by two independent, additive predictors: IPS and CR. Together, these functional determinants outweigh the influence of focal macroscopic cortical damage, fatigue and mood symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148786346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal dissociation of semantic degradation and interference in Alzheimer's disease: Evidence from Chinese character processing.","authors":"Boquan Liu","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chinese characters serve as the psychological entry point for lexical recognition in reading. Over 80% of these characters are phonetic compounds containing a semantic radical. Understanding how individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) process these structurally distinct characters is crucial for revealing the underlying nature of their cognitive decline. This study examined 180 older adults (60 Healthy Controls, 60 Mild AD, 60 Moderate AD) in a semantic categorization task across four radical-character relationships: fully related (FR), fully unrelated (FU), radical-only related (RR) and radical-only, related (RO-R). To disentangle semantic degradation from executive control demands, this study employed signal detection theory (SDT) and mixed-effects modelling. Results demonstrated significant group-by-condition interactions for accuracy, reaction time and perceptual sensitivity (d'). AD patients exhibited globally reduced d' and prolonged reaction times. Crucially, an error pattern analysis revealed that Mild AD patients produced significantly more false alarms in the RR condition, a deficit strongly correlated with their Stroop Interference scores (r = .58), reflecting a pronounced susceptibility to semantic interference, exacerbated by atypical executive inhibitory control. Furthermore, a temporal dissociation emerged: while explicit semantic sensitivity (d') collapsed early in the disease, Mild AD patients partially preserved the automatic reaction time advantage for isolated radicals (RO-R), yet suffered an exacerbated reaction time interference effect when resolving radical-related semantic interference (RR > FU). These findings suggest that explicit semantic boundaries and executive conflict resolution abilities degrade early in AD, whereas automatic semantic spreading activation is briefly preserved but highly susceptible to multifaceted semantic interference.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148710749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a neuropsychiatry curriculum for clinical psychologists and neuropsychologists: An e-Delphi study.","authors":"Keishema Kerr, Tamara Anderson, Graham Blackman, Amy Copping, Niels Detert, Alexandra Garfield, Peter Gilli, Laura H Goldstein, Huw Green, Simon Harrison, Leigh Leppard, Norman Poole, Torie Robinson, Alexandra Rose, Biba Stanton, Mary Summers, Victoria Teggart, Mike Wang, Vaughan Bell","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropsychiatric presentations are common across neurological and mental health services but they are often inadequately covered by core clinical psychology and clinical neuropsychology training. Consequently, we aimed to identify components for a neuropsychiatry curriculum for clinical psychologists using a Delphi process. We completed a three-round e-Delphi study with 19 experts (clinical psychologists, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, neurologists, individuals with lived experience of neuropsychiatric disorders). Round 1 collected ratings on 80 syllabus items derived from textbook reviews, conference topics and a scoping review of neuropsychiatry syllabuses. Items failing to reach consensus were refined, and new topics added via free-text suggestions. Rounds 2 and 3 repeated rating and thematic analysis, culminating in a consensus meeting where items were classified as core or supplementary. Consensus thresholds were set at mean ≥2.0, mean distance from the mean ≤0.2 and ≥75% agreement for final decisions. The process yielded 40 core and 38 supplementary syllabus items. Core topics include autoimmune and neuroinflammatory disorders, delirium, functional neurological disorders, neuropsychiatric sequelae of epilepsy, stroke, traumatic brain injury, dementia and multidisciplinary working, among others. Supplementary items covered background knowledge of less frequent but still prevalent disorders as well as competencies in interpreting clinical data alongside conceptual and historical issues. The final component list reflects both clinical competencies and emerging areas of practice, emphasising assessment, formulation, psychological interventions, cultural considerations and medicolegal aspects. The e-Delphi-derived curriculum provides a framework for neuropsychiatric competencies for postgraduate psychology training with modification needed for application in diverse health care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}