Journal of Neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Assessing instrumental activities of daily living in people with mild-to-moderate dementia: Objective and subjective assessments and their cognitive correlates.","authors":"Anthony Martyr","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Different methods of assessing instrumental activities of daily living (iADL) may show distinct relationships with cognition in dementia. This study investigated whether these relationships differed across objective, self-rated, and informant-rated assessments, with analyses of individual cognitive measures treated as exploratory. Thirty-seven people with mild-to-moderate dementia were recruited from National Health Service memory clinics in North Wales. Participants completed the objective Direct Assessment of Functional Status (DAFS), study-specific self-rated and informant-rated questionnaires based on the DAFS, and self-rated and informant-rated versions of the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ). Cognitive assessment included measures of executive function, attention, memory, and global cognition. Univariable and forced-entry multiple regression analyses were conducted with Holm-Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Objective iADL performance showed more frequent associations with cognition than questionnaire-based ratings. DAFS scores were associated with global cognition, immediate and delayed memory, Trail Making Test Part 4, and Design Fluency scores. In contrast, questionnaire measures showed few associations with cognition. FAQ self-ratings were associated with depressive symptoms, while FAQ informant ratings were associated with carer burden. In the multivariable model, global cognition remained the only significant cognitive predictor after correction. Across 20 comparisons with questionnaire-based iADL measures, correlations between cognition and the objective DAFS were larger in absolute magnitude, although only four differences remained significant after correction. The findings suggest that objective, self-rated, and informant-rated assessments may capture partially distinct aspects of everyday functioning and should not necessarily be considered interchangeable measures. Global cognitive measures may provide useful indicators of functional ability in mild-to-moderate dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149316500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal fluency networks and item-based trajectories in people with Parkinson's disease before and after deep brain stimulation surgery.","authors":"Adrià Rofes, Jeffrey C Zemla, Nikki Janssen, Janine Rook, R Saman Vinke, Rianne A J Esselink, Annelien A Duits","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Consistent decline in animal fluency occurs in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) post-surgery for Deep Brain Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS). Recent findings indicate that patients produce fewer words after (vs. before) surgery. Also, they produce smaller clusters of related animals, fewer switches between clusters, and more frequent (lexical frequency) and earlier-acquired words. In this paper, we further investigated difficulties in lexical retrieval by reporting on word networks (to study the structure of the mental lexicon) and item-based trajectories (to understand how the linguistic characteristics of the task change as the task progresses) of 61 Dutch-speaking individuals diagnosed with PD before and post-surgery for STN-DBS and 40 age and education-matched healthy controls. Word networks contained a higher number of edges and nodes for healthy controls relative to people with PD post-surgery (adjusting for differences in sample size). Also, patients before surgery produced a network with a lower cluster coefficient relative to healthy controls, as well as to people with PD post-surgery. Item-based trajectories showed that both healthy controls and people with PD produced words of increasing complexity as they proceed with the task (e.g., less frequent, acquired later, of higher length). Also, healthy controls showed a steeper increase in the age of acquisition of words across the first ten responses compared to PD post-surgery. The re-emergence of structure (clustering) in word networks post-surgery for STN-DBS and the differences in item-based trajectories (vs. healthy controls) represent novel markers of lexical retrieval that are affected by surgery for STN-DBS and PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149316499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social cognition alterations in neurocognitive disorders.","authors":"Chiara Cerami, Alessandra Dodich","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70086","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149284271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superior classification of visuospatial neglect in the subacute phase through free-viewing and considering overcompensation.","authors":"T L G Hamers, C Strauch, M Naber, A F Ten Brink","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visuospatial neglect is a common disorder of spatial attention after stroke. Traditional paper-and-pencil tasks are widely used for diagnosis but show limited sensitivity in the subacute phase, partly due to compensatory and (over)compensatory strategies. State-of-the-art measures, including gaze bias assessed with eye-tracking during free viewing and refined line bisection scoring, may offer greater diagnostic accuracy but have rarely been tested in clinical samples. We compared traditional measures (Centre of Cancellation, directional bisection error) and state-of-the-art measures (endpoint weightings bias, mean horizontal gaze position during free viewing) in stroke patients admitted to rehabilitation (n = 34) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 32), examining which measures best discriminated neglect from non-neglect in the subacute phase. We also tested whether direction-independent (absolute) deviations better capture neglect than directional deviations, given that overcompensation can mask deficits in standard scoring. Direction-independent scores showed superior discrimination. Furthermore, a logistic regression model based on state-of-the-art measures outperformed one based on traditional measures. The strongest neglect detection was achieved by combining directional bisection error with mean horizontal gaze position. These findings support the complementary value of eye-tracking-based assessment alongside traditional neglect tasks, and highlight the importance of accounting for (over)compensatory behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149236369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience in action: Using art-science activities to explore experiences of movement and the body in Parkinson's and autism.","authors":"Ellen Poliakoff, Antony Hall, Eve Edmonds, Peter Baimbridge, Gary Copitch, Graham Hanks, Matthew Sullivan, Emma Gowen","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To explore possible new directions for sensorimotor research, we created experiential workshops for people with lived experience. Seven people with Parkinson's and six older autistic adults attended artist-led drop-in art-science workshops, designed with advisors with lived experience. Open-ended activities based on sensorimotor experiments provoked spontaneous and unexpected conversations between visitors and researchers about their experiences of movement and the body. We invite others to apply this informal playful approach, which was both enjoyable and effective in generating future research ideas.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial working memory deficits and their association with revisit errors during visual search in patients with left unilateral neglect.","authors":"Momoko Uechi, Masako Abe","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study examined whether a subset of patients with left unilateral neglect (USN) exhibited lower spatial than shape (non-spatial) working memory performance, and whether such performance was associated with revisit errors (repeated cancellations of previously marked lines) in line cancellation tasks. Participants were patients with left USN and healthy controls. Participants completed spatial and shape working memory tasks in which stimuli were presented near the right edge of the display to minimise the influence of rightward attentional bias, thereby enabling a more accurate assessment of working memory performance. In the spatial working memory task, participants were required to focus on the locations of stimuli, whereas in the shape working memory task, they were required to focus on the shapes of stimuli. Participants also completed line cancellation tasks under two conditions, one in which markings remained visible (visible task) and the other in which markings were invisible (invisible task), with the instruction to cancel each line only once. The results revealed that some patients showed lower performance on the spatial than on the shape working memory task, whereas no patients showed the opposite pattern. Patients made more revisit errors in the invisible than in the visible task. Moreover, spatial working memory performance was negatively correlated with the frequency of revisit errors. These findings suggest that, in a subset of patients with left USN, spatial working memory deficits may be related to revisit errors during visual search, although the results should be interpreted with caution given the limited sample size.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive reserve, emotion perception and theory of mind in non-demented Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Sarah E MacPherson, Stefano Terruzzi, Maria Pennacchio, Costanza Papagno","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Cognitive Reserve (CR) hypothesis attempts to account for individual differences in vulnerability to age- or pathology-related brain changes, where lifetime experiences (e.g., education, literacy attainment) have protective effects on cognitive decline. While evidence suggests CR proxies predict cognitive performance in Parkinson's disease (PD), it is less clear whether CR proxies attenuate decline on social cognition tasks. This study examined the influence of distinct CR proxies on performance on social cognition tasks assessing theory of mind and emotion perception. Twenty non-demented PD patients and 20 healthy control participants completed the Test di Intelligenza Breve (TIB) and the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq) as proxies of CR and the Story-based Empathy Task (SET; emotion attribution and intention attribution), the FACE Test and the Emotion Recognition Task (ERT; faces only, voices only and faces-voices) as tests of social cognition. Older age and having PD were associated with poorer performance on SET emotion attribution, while older age, having PD and lower TIB and CRIq scores independently predicted poorer performance on SET intention attribution. For the FACE Test, a lower TIB index predicted poorer performance. Finally, for ERT performance, older age and being male independently predicted poorer performance on faces only; older age and lower TIB scores predicted poorer performance on voices only; and being male and having lower TIB scores predicted faces-voices performance. This study demonstrated that CR is associated with performance on social cognition tasks, but it depends on the proxy adopted, and the protective role is not specific to PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Towers of Kuwait-Arabic Neurocognitive Assessment (ToK-ArNA): Preliminary normative data and test-retest reliability in Omani adults aged 50 years and above.","authors":"Ammar Alobaidy, Qutouf Ahmed Al Kindi, Wasan Al Attabi, Usama Al-Ghatrifi, Ibrahim Dhaya Jaber Mohammedallayla","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Towers of Kuwait-Arabic Neurocognitive Assessment (ToK-ArNA) was developed as a culturally relevant tool to assess executive functions (EF) and visuospatial (VS) abilities in the Omani population. This study established demographically adjusted normative data and evaluated the instrument's temporal stability through formal test-retest reliability analyses. A community sample of 138 cognitively intact Omani adults aged 50 years and above was enrolled. The ToK-ArNA consists of 12 problems scored independently for Time and Accuracy. Normative data were generated using multiple linear regression analysis and traditional stratification by sex, age group (50-64 vs. ≥ 65 years) and education level (0-5 vs. ≥ 6 years). Test-retest reliability was evaluated in a subsample (n = 29) across a 7-10 days interval using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Pearson's correlations (r). Both age and education level significantly influenced time and accuracy scores across analyses (p < 0.001), with younger and more educated participants performing better. Sex was significantly associated with accuracy scores in the univariate analysis only, where men outperformed women. Test-retest reliability was good for Time scores (ICC = 0.76, r = 0.76, p < 0.001) but moderate for Accuracy scores (ICC = 0.45, r = 0.47, p = 0.010). This study provides the first normative framework for the ToK-ArNA, enhancing its clinical diagnostic utility. The findings demonstrate that age and education strongly affect executive performance, highlighting the necessity of demographically adjusted norms. The instrument exhibits acceptable temporal stability, particularly for Omani adults aged 50-65 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148965779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the value of dynamic versus static image-based tests of emotion recognition in neurodegenerative disease","authors":"Hulya Ulugut,&nbsp;Tal Shany-Ur,&nbsp;Angelina Quagletti,&nbsp;Faatimah Syed,&nbsp;Bailey McEachen,&nbsp;Patrick Callahan,&nbsp;Myrthe G. Rijpma,&nbsp;Rea Antoniou,&nbsp;Joel H. Kramer,&nbsp;Bruce L. Miller,&nbsp;Gil D. Rabinovici,&nbsp;Katherine L. Possin,&nbsp;William W. Seeley,&nbsp;Howard J. Rosen,&nbsp;Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini,&nbsp;Virginia E. Sturm,&nbsp;Katherine P. Rankin","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70053","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>More precise subtyping within dementia syndromes leads to better prediction of pathology, supporting individualized, disease-specific treatments, and measuring emotion recognition abilities is particularly important for disorders like semantic behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (sbvFTD). To evaluate current tools' effectiveness, we compared two dynamic video-based affect labelling tests—the Dynamic Affect Recognition Test (DART), The Awareness of Social Inference Test-Emotion Evaluation Test (TASIT-EET)—and a static image-based Comprehensive Affect Testing System-Name Affect (CATS-NA) test. A total of 555 persons with dementia (PwD), diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (<i>n</i> = 154), progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome (<i>n</i> = 88), non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) (<i>n</i> = 77), semantic variant PPA (svPPA) (<i>n</i> = 53), bvFTD (<i>n</i> = 124), sbvFTD (<i>n</i> = 65) and 133 healthy participants underwent emotion testing and MRI. All emotion labelling tests differentiated PwD from healthy controls, and FTD with social cognition deficits (sbvFTD, bvFTD and svPPA) from other PwDs. DART outperformed TASIT-EET and CATS-NA in differentiating sbvFTD from bvFTD and svPPA. Beyond emotion reading, TASIT-EET performance was also mediated by verbal memory and semantics, and CATS-NA was predicted by visuospatial and executive functions, while DART required only semantic knowledge. DART corresponded to expected structural anatomy of emotion, including predominantly right insula, anterior temporal and orbitofrontal lobes. While both TASIT-EET and CATS-NA shared that pattern, TASIT-EET additionally correlated with left temporal structures and CATS-NA associated with more dorsal frontoparietal regions. Careful selection of tests that utilize dynamic stimuli, reflect key neural circuits related to emotion and minimize demands from other cognitive domains may yield more accurate diagnoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 3","pages":"596-616"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147925156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the German version of the Dimensional Apathy Scale (G-DAS): Application in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","authors":"Judith Wesenberg,&nbsp;Paula Matthies,&nbsp;Kati Schwiecker,&nbsp;Verena Bittner,&nbsp;Samra Hamzic,&nbsp;Stefan Vielhaber,&nbsp;Ratko Radakovic","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Apathy is a common behavioural impairment in neurodegenerative conditions and is conceptualized within the Dimensional Apathy Framework as comprising Executive, Emotional and Initiation subtypes. The Dimensional Apathy Scale (DAS) is widely used to assess these domains, yet no validated German version has been available. This study aimed to translate and validate the German DAS (G-DAS) in control participants (HC) and to characterize apathy profiles in German-speaking people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (pwALS). Seventy-seven HC and 32 pwALS completed self-rated and caregiver-rated measures of apathy, depression, disinhibition and executive dysfunction. The G-DAS was translated using a multi-round back-translation procedure. Psychometric validation was undertaken in the HC cohort. A subsample of HC matched to pwALS on age and sex was used for between-group comparisons and for deriving exploratory reference thresholds. The G-DAS demonstrated good to high internal consistency across subscales (<i>α</i> = .76–.85) and total scores (self-rated: <i>α</i> = .88; caregiver-rated: <i>α</i> = .86). Convergent validity was supported by significant correlations with the Apathy Evaluation Scale and Frontal Systems Behavior subscales, particularly for the Initiation and Executive subscales. Divergent validity was evidenced by the absence of associations with anxiety and depression. PwALS showed significantly higher Executive and Initiation apathy compared with matched HC, whereas Emotional apathy did not differ. Exploratory threshold scores derived from matched HC indicated that up to 47% of pwALS exhibited clinically elevated Initiation apathy. The G-DAS is a reliable and valid German-language measure of multidimensional apathy. It effectively captures the characteristic Executive and Initiation apathy profile in ALS, supporting its clinical and research utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 3","pages":"702-712"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148314925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}