Journal of Neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Prospective memory in early and established psychosis: An Indian perspective","authors":"Pulijala Sulakshana Rao,&nbsp;Madhavi Rangaswamy,&nbsp;Jonathan Evans,&nbsp;Anirban Dutt","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.12314","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Individuals affected by psychosis often have deficits in several neurocognitive functions. Prospective memory (PM), the ability to remember to do things, is crucial for activities of daily living, social and occupational functioning, but very few studies have attempted to examine this domain of functioning in people with psychosis, particularly in India. A total of 71 patients with psychosis, (both early and established psychosis), and 140 age, gender and education-matched healthy controls were assessed using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination. PM was assessed using the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test and the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ). Group differences were evaluated using Mann–Whitney <i>U</i>-tests. Significantly greater cognitive deficits, higher anxiety and depression were evident in the psychosis group compared with controls. The psychosis group performed significantly poorer on both time- and event-based tests in CAMPROMPT than controls. These differences remained when controlling for age, education, general cognitive functioning and mood. The subjective measure of PM (PRMQ) did not differentiate the two groups. The PM performance of early and established psychosis patients was similar. Comparisons with cross-cultural data (PRMQ UK norms and CAMPROMPT and PRMQ Chinese data) revealed important differences in PM performance. Individuals with psychosis have significant deficits in both time- and event-based PM. CAMPROMPT emerged as a more sensitive PM measure compared with PRMQ. Results from cross-cultural comparisons underscore the need for cultural contextualization of assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"17 3","pages":"461-476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5695165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full-field input generated from right visual field information for healthy participants reproduces performance simulating left unilateral spatial neglect in line bisection","authors":"Keita Nukui,&nbsp;Sumio Ishiai","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.12316","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Patients with left unilateral spatial neglect (USN) typically place the subjective midpoint to the right of the objective centre when bisecting a horizontal line. This pathological phenomenon may be explained as a result of greater dependence on the right endpoint in the external reference frame (Koyama et al., <i>Brain Cogn</i>, <i>35</i>, 1997, 271; McIntosh et al., <i>Cogn Brain Res</i>, <i>25</i>, 2005, 833). Ishiai et al. (<i>Brain</i>, <i>112</i>, 1989, 1485) reported that once patients with USN fixated on a certain point on the right part of the presented line, they persisted with this point and marked the subjective midpoint there without leftward searches. Ishiai et al.'s interpretation was that the patients saw a totalised line representation that extended equidistantly to the right and left sides, based on the information of the attended rightward extent from the subjective midpoint. Accordingly, we used virtual reality goggles (VRG) and devised a mirror-image viewing (MV) condition that showed a full-field view based on the right visual field information to test whether healthy participants would thereby show neglect-like bisection performance. The participants were 30 healthy adults (22–37 years old; 15 women and 15 men). In this condition, 96.7% (29/30) of participants were judged to exhibit USN-like performance of line bisection, indicating the effectiveness of MV condition to simulate USN. The novelty of the present study lies in the use of a task-specific intervention of neglect-like visuospatial processing during line bisection without attempting to modify the direction of spatial attention. This approach may contribute to the understanding of the pathological visuospatial processing of USN.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"17 3","pages":"505-520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5680377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring mechanisms that affect retrograde memory for public events in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A longitudinal update","authors":"Maria Stefania De Simone,&nbsp;Marta Rodini,&nbsp;Massimo De Tollis,&nbsp;Carlo Caltagirone,&nbsp;Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.12317","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Here, we examined mechanisms that affect retrograde memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI) as a function of longitudinal clinical outcome. 8 a-MCI who converted to Alzheimer's dementia (AD) during the subsequent 3-year follow-up (converter a-MCI) and 10 a-MCI who remained clinically stable during the same period (stable a-MCI) were compared at the baseline evaluation (i.e., when they were diagnosed as a-MCI) using a remote memory questionnaire for public events that allows disentangling the differential contribution of storage and retrieval mechanisms to performance accuracy. Results suggest that deficits in remote memory are primarily explained by impaired retrieval abilities in stable a-MCI and by impaired storage in converter-to-AD a-MCI. This distinction between retrograde amnesia due to defective trace utilisation in stable a-MCI and trace storage in converter a-MCI is consistent with the temporal unfolding of declining anterograde memory over the course of disease progression to AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"17 3","pages":"450-460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5694886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What helps patients to prepare for and cope during awake craniotomy? A prospective qualitative study","authors":"Aleksandra Bala,&nbsp;Agnieszka Olejnik,&nbsp;Tomasz Dziedzic,&nbsp;Jolanta Piwowarska,&nbsp;Anna Podgórska,&nbsp;Andrzej Marchel","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12311","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12311","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is growing interest in awake craniotomies, but some clinicians are concerned that such procedures are poorly tolerated by patients. Therefore, we conducted a study to assess this phenomenon. In this prospective qualitative study, 68 patients who qualified for awake craniotomy were asked to complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)—two days before the surgery and visual analogue scales (VAS) for pain and stress, two days before the surgery and again about two days after. In addition, after their surgery, they took part in a structured interview about what helped them prepare for and cope with the surgery. Most patients tolerated the awake surgery well, scoring low on stress and pain scales. They reported a lower level of stress during the surgery (when questioned afterwards) than before it. Intensity of stress before the surgery correlated negatively with age, positively with HADS anxiety score and positively with stress subsequently experienced during surgery. The level of stress during surgery was associated with stress experienced before the surgery, pain and HADS anxiety and depression scores. Severity of pain during the surgery was positively correlated with stress during surgery and HADS depression and anxiety scores before the surgery. There was no correlation between stress, pain, anxiety and depression and the location of the lesion. Patients have a high tolerance for awake craniotomy. Various factors have an impact on how well patients cope with the operation. Extensive preoperative preparation should be considered a key part of the procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"18 1","pages":"30-46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9258137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do valence and meaning interact? The contribution of semantic control","authors":"Nicholas E. Souter,&nbsp;Ariyana Reddy,&nbsp;Jake Walker,&nbsp;Julián Marino Dávolos,&nbsp;Elizabeth Jefferies","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.12312","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The hub-and-spoke model of semantic cognition proposes that conceptual representations in a heteromodal ‘hub’ interact with and emerge from modality-specific features or ‘spokes’, including valence (whether a concept is positive or negative), along with visual and auditory features. As a result, valence congruency might facilitate our ability to link words conceptually. Semantic relatedness may similarly affect explicit judgements about valence. Moreover, conflict between meaning and valence may recruit semantic control processes. Here we tested these predictions using two-alternative forced-choice tasks, in which participants matched a probe word to one of two possible target words, based on either global meaning or valence. Experiment 1 examined timed responses in healthy young adults, while Experiment 2 examined decision accuracy in semantic aphasia patients with impaired controlled semantic retrieval following left hemisphere stroke. Across both experiments, semantically related targets facilitated valence matching, while related distractors impaired performance. Valence congruency was also found to facilitate semantic decision-making. People with semantic aphasia showed impaired valence matching and had particular difficulty when semantically related distractors were presented, suggesting that the selective retrieval of valence information relies on semantic control processes. Taken together, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that automatic access to the global meaning of written words affects the processing of valence, and that the valence of words is also retrieved even when this feature is task-irrelevant, affecting the efficiency of global semantic judgements.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"17 3","pages":"521-539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6066254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposal of a common terminology for the neuropsychological rehabilitation","authors":"Joana O. Pinto,&nbsp;Bruno Peixoto,&nbsp;Artemisa R. Dores,&nbsp;Fernando Barbosa","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.12310","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The literature on neuropsychological intervention (NI) uses a variety of terms to refer to equivalent constructs, making it difficult to compare intervention programmes and their outcomes. The purpose of this work is to propose a unified terminological framework for describing NI programmes. The terminological framework was developed based on a previous proposal for common terminology by Johnstone and Stonnington (Rehabilitation of neuropsychological disorders: A practical guide for rehabilitation professionals. Psychology Press, 2011) and driven by Cognitive Psychology concepts. The terminological framework was organized into two sections: (a) NI, which includes types of NI, methods and approaches, instructional methods, and strategies; and (b) neurocognitive functions, which include <i>temporal and spatial orientation</i>, <i>sensation</i>, <i>perception</i>, <i>visuo-constructional abilities</i>, <i>attention</i>, <i>memory</i>, <i>language</i>, <i>reasoning of several sorts</i> (e.g., abstract reasoning, and numerical reasoning), and <i>executive functions</i>. Most NI tasks target a main neurocognitive function, but there are underlying neurocognitive functions that may impair performance in the former. Since it is difficult to create a task that is solely focused on one neurocognitive function, the proposed terminology should not be viewed as a taxonomy, but rather as dimensional, with the same task allowing to work different functions, in varying grades. Adopting this terminological framework will allow to define the targeted neurocognitive functions more accurately and simplify the comparison between NI programmes and their outcomes. Future research should focus on describing the main techniques/strategies for each neurocognitive function and non-cognitive interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"17 3","pages":"431-449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6149099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A double-blind, sham-controlled, trial of home-administered rhythmic 10Hz median nerve stimulation for the reduction of tics, and suppression of the urge-to-tic, in individuals with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder","authors":"Barbara Morera Maiquez, Caroline Smith, K. Dyke, Chia-Ping Chou, Belinda Kasbia, Ciara McCready, Hannah Wright, Jessica K. Jackson, Isabel Farr, Erika Badinger, G. Jackson, S. Jackson","doi":"10.1101/2023.03.06.23286799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.03.06.23286799","url":null,"abstract":"Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorder (CTD) are neurological disorders of childhood onset characterised by the occurrence of tics; repetitive, purposeless, movements or vocalisations of short duration which can occur many times throughout a day. Currently, effective treatment for tic disorders is an area of considerable unmet clinical need. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a home-administered neuromodulation treatment for tics involving the delivery of rhythmic pulse trains of median nerve stimulation (MNS) delivered via a wearable watch-like device worn at the wrist. We conducted a UK-wide parallel double-blind sham-controlled trial for the reduction of tics in individuals with tic disorder. The device was programmed to deliver rhythmic (10Hz) trains of low-intensity (1-19 mA) electrical stimulation to the median nerve for a pre-determined duration each day, and was intended to be used by each participant in their home once each day, 5 days each week, for a period of 4 weeks. Between 18th March 2022 and 26th September 2022 135 participants (45 per group) were initially allocated, using stratified randomisation, to one of the following groups; active stimulation; sham stimulation; or a to waitlist (i.e., treatment as usual) control group. Recruited participants were individuals with confirmed or suspected TS/CTD aged 12 years of age or upward with moderate to severe tics. Researchers involved in the collection or processing of measurement outcomes and assessing the outcomes, as well as participants in the active and sham groups and their legal guardians were all blind to the group allocation. The primary outcome measure used to assess the offline or treatment effect of stimulation was the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale - Total Tic Severity Score (YGTSS-TTSS) assessed at the conclusion of 4-weeks of stimulation. The primary outcome measure used to assess the online effects of stimulation was tic frequency, measured as the number of tics per minute (TPM) observed, based upon blind analysis of daily video recordings obtained while stimulation was delivered. The results demonstrated that after 4-weeks stimulation, tic severity (YGTSS-TTSS) had reduced by 7.1 points (35% reduction) for the active stimulation group compared to 2.13/2.11points for the sham stimulation and waitlist control groups. The reduction in YGTSS-TTSS for the active stimulation group was substantially larger, clinically meaningful (effect size = 0.5), and statistically significant (p = 0.02) compared to both the sham stimulation and waitlist control groups, which did not differ from one another (effect-size = -0.03). Furthermore, blind analyses of video recordings demonstrated that tic frequency (tics per minute) reduced substantially (-15.6 TPM) during active stimulation compared to sham stimulation (-7.7 TPM). This difference represents a statistically significant (p &lt; 0.03) and clinically meaningful reduction in tic frequency (&gt; 25% reduction: effect-size = 0.3). ","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46645958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memory functioning after hippocampal removal: Does side matter?","authors":"Virginie Lambrecq,&nbsp;Irene Alonso,&nbsp;Dominique Hasboun,&nbsp;Vera Dinkelacker,&nbsp;Lila Davachi,&nbsp;Séverine Samson,&nbsp;Sophie Dupont","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12309","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12309","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To address the memory functioning after medial temporal lobe (MTL) surgery for refractory epilepsy and relationships with the side of the hippocampal removal, 22 patients with pharmaco-resistant epilepsy who had undergone MTL resection (10 right/12 left) at the Salpêtrière Hospital were compared with 21 matched healthy controls. We designed a specific neuropsychological binding memory test that specifically addressed hippocampal cortex functioning, and left–right material-specific lateralization. Our results showed that both left and right mesial temporal lobe removal cause a severe memory impairment, for both verbal and visual material. The removal of left medial temporal lobe causes worse memory impairment than the right removal regardless of the stimuli type (verbal or visual) questioning the theory of the hippocampal material-specific lateralization. The present study provided new evidence for the role of both hippocampus and surrounding cortices in memory-binding whatever the material type and also suggested that a left MTL removal is more deleterious for both verbal and visual episodic memory in comparison with right MTL removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"18 1","pages":"15-29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10819153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifespan normative data (18–89 years) for Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices Set I","authors":"Patrick Murphy,&nbsp;Jennifer Foley,&nbsp;Joe Mole,&nbsp;Natasja Van Harskamp,&nbsp;Lisa Cipolotti","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.12308","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM) Set I is a validated and brief test of fluid intelligence, ideal for use in busy clinical settings. However, there is a dearth of normative data allowing an accurate interpretation of APM scores. To address this, we present normative data from across the adult lifespan (18–89 years) for the APM Set I. Data are presented in five age cohorts (total <i>N</i> = 352), including two older adult cohorts (65–79 years and 80–89 years), which allows age-standardized assessment. We also present data from a validated measure of premorbid intellectual ability, which was absent from previous standardizations of longer forms of the APM. In line with previous findings, a striking age-related decline was noted, beginning relatively early in adulthood and most marked amongst lower-scoring individuals. Older adults did not demonstrate difficulty with specific test items or make an increased proportion of specific errors. Sex was not a significant predictor of performance. The data set is of particular use in the neuropsychological assessment of older adults, given the known susceptibility of fluid intelligence to both the effects of normal ageing and acquired brain injury in older age. The results are discussed in light of theories of neurological ageing.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"17 2","pages":"417-429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5702000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-year prediction of cognitive decline following cognitive-stimulation from real-world data","authors":"Borja Camino-Pontes,&nbsp;Francisco Gonzalez-Lopez,&nbsp;Gonzalo Santamaría-Gomez,&nbsp;Antonio Javier Sutil-Jimenez,&nbsp;Carolina Sastre-Barrios,&nbsp;I?igo Fernandez de Pierola,&nbsp;Jesus M. Cortes","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.12307","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Clinical evidence based on real-world data (RWD) is accumulating exponentially providing larger sample sizes available, which demand novel methods to deal with the enhanced heterogeneity of the data. Here, we used RWD to assess the prediction of cognitive decline in a large heterogeneous sample of participants being enrolled with cognitive stimulation, a phenomenon that is of great interest to clinicians but that is riddled with difficulties and limitations. More precisely, from a multitude of neuropsychological Training Materials (TMs), we asked whether was possible to accurately predict an individual's cognitive decline one year after being tested. In particular, we performed longitudinal modelling of the scores obtained from 215 different tests, grouped into 29 cognitive domains, a total of 124,610 instances from 7902 participants (40% male, 46% female, 14% not indicated), each performing an average of 16 tests. Employing a machine learning approach based on ROC analysis and cross-validation techniques to overcome overfitting, we show that different TMs belonging to several cognitive domains can accurately predict cognitive decline, while other domains perform poorly, suggesting that the ability to predict decline one year later is not specific to any particular domain, but is rather widely distributed across domains. Moreover, when addressing the same problem between individuals with a common diagnosed label, we found that some domains had more accurate classification for conditions such as Parkinson's disease and Down syndrome, whereas they are less accurate for Alzheimer's disease or multiple sclerosis. Future research should combine similar approaches to ours with standard neuropsychological measurements to enhance interpretability and the possibility of generalizing across different cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"17 2","pages":"302-318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5648623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}