Maraike A. Coenen, Hendriekje Eggink, Martje E. van Egmond, D. L. Marinus Oterdoom, J. Marc C. van Dijk, Teus van Laar, Jacoba M. Spikman, Marina A. J. Tijssen
{"title":"Deep brain stimulation in dystonia: The added value of neuropsychological assessments","authors":"Maraike A. Coenen, Hendriekje Eggink, Martje E. van Egmond, D. L. Marinus Oterdoom, J. Marc C. van Dijk, Teus van Laar, Jacoba M. Spikman, Marina A. J. Tijssen","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12331","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12331","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the internal globus pallidus (GPi) is a recognized treatment for medication-refractory dystonia. Problems in executive functions and social cognition can be part of dystonia phenotypes. The impact of pallidal DBS on cognition appears limited, but not all cognitive domains have been investigated yet. In the present study, we compare cognition before and after GPi DBS. Seventeen patients with dystonia of various aetiology completed pre- and post-DBS assessment (mean age 51 years; range 20–70 years). Neuropsychological assessment covered intelligence, verbal memory, attention and processing speed, executive functioning, social cognition, language and a depression questionnaire. Pre-DBS scores were compared with a healthy control group matched for age, gender and education, or with normative data. Patients were of average intelligence but performed significantly poorer than healthy peers on tests for planning and for information processing speed. Otherwise, they were cognitively unimpaired, including social cognition. DBS did not change the baseline neuropsychological scores. We confirmed previous reports of executive dysfunctions in adult dystonia patients with no significant influence of DBS on cognitive functioning in these patients. Pre-DBS neuropsychological assessments appear useful as they support clinicians in counselling their patients. Decisions about post-DBS neuropsychological evaluations should be made on a case-by-case basis.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"18 S1","pages":"8-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12331","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9977434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joakim Norberg, Stephanie McMains, Jonas Persson, Jason P. Mitchell
{"title":"Frontotemporal contributions to social and non-social semantic judgements","authors":"Joakim Norberg, Stephanie McMains, Jonas Persson, Jason P. Mitchell","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12328","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12328","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Semantic judgements involve the use of general knowledge about the world in specific situations. Such judgements are typically associated with activity in a number of brain regions that include the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). However, previous studies showed activity in brain regions associated with mentalizing, including the right temporoparietal junction (TPJ), in semantic judgements that involved social knowledge. The aim of the present study was to investigate if social and non-social semantic judgements are dissociated using a combination of fMRI and repetitive TMS. To study this, we asked participants to estimate the percentage of exemplars in a given category that shared a specified attribute. Categories could be either social (<i>i.e.</i>, stereotypes) or non-social (<i>i.e.</i>, object categories). As expected, fMRI results (<i>n</i> = 26) showed enhanced activity in the left IFG that was specific to non-social semantic judgements. However, statistical evidence did not support that repetitive TMS stimulation (<i>n</i> = 19) to this brain region specifically disrupted non-social semantic judgements. Also as expected, the right TPJ showed enhanced activity to social semantic judgements. However, statistical evidence did not support that repetitive TMS stimulation to this brain region specifically disrupted social semantic judgements. It is possible that the causal networks involved in social and non-social semantic judgements may be more complex than expected.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"18 1","pages":"66-80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9600678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clara Stein, Fiadhnait O'Keeffe, Caoimhe McManus, Niall Tubridy, Maria Gaughan, Christopher McGuigan, Jessica Bramham
{"title":"Premorbid cognitive functioning influences differences between self-reported cognitive difficulties and cognitive assessment in multiple sclerosis","authors":"Clara Stein, Fiadhnait O'Keeffe, Caoimhe McManus, Niall Tubridy, Maria Gaughan, Christopher McGuigan, Jessica Bramham","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12327","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12327","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cognitive difficulties are reported in up to 60% of people with MS (pwMS). There is often a discrepancy between self-reported cognitive difficulties and performance on cognitive assessments. Some of this discrepancy can be explained by depression and fatigue. Pre-MS cognitive abilities may be another important variable in explaining differences between self-reported and assessed cognitive abilities. PwMS with high estimated premorbid cognitive functioning (ePCF) may notice cognitive difficulties in daily life whilst performing within the average range on cognitive assessments. We hypothesised that, taking into account depression and fatigue, ePCF would predict (1) differences between self-reported and assessed cognitive abilities and (2) performance on cognitive assessments. We explored whether ePCF predicted (3) self-reported cognitive difficulties. Eighty-seven pwMS completed the Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF), the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS), self-report measures of cognitive difficulty (MS Neuropsychological Questionnaire; MSNQ), fatigue (MS Fatigue Impact Scale; MFIS) and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS). Results revealed that, taking into account covariates, ePCF predicted (1) differences between self-reported and assessed cognitive abilities, <i>p</i> < .001 (model explained 29.35% of variance), and (2) performance on cognitive assessments, <i>p</i> < .001 (model explained 46.00% of variance), but not (3) self-reported cognitive difficulties, <i>p</i> = .545 (model explained 35.10% of variance). These results provide new and unique insights into predictors of the frequently observed discrepancy between self-reported and assessed cognitive abilities for pwMS. These findings have important implications for clinical practice, including the importance of exploring premorbid factors in self-reported experience of cognitive difficulties.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"18 1","pages":"47-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9491612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesco Giaquinto, Giorgia Tosi, Chiara Abbatantuono, Ilaria Pepe, Marika Iaia, Luigi Macchitella, Ezia Rizzi, Maria Fara De?Caro, Daniele Romano, Paolo Taurisano, Paola Angelelli
{"title":"The indirect effect of cognitive reserve on the relationship between age and cognition in pathological ageing: A cross-sectional retrospective study in an unselected and consecutively enrolled sample","authors":"Francesco Giaquinto, Giorgia Tosi, Chiara Abbatantuono, Ilaria Pepe, Marika Iaia, Luigi Macchitella, Ezia Rizzi, Maria Fara De?Caro, Daniele Romano, Paolo Taurisano, Paola Angelelli","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.12323","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cognitive reserve (CR) allows individuals to maintain cognitive functionality even in the presence of pathologies. The compensation hypothesis suggests that CR plays an indirect role between age and cognitive decline, contrasting the negative effect of ageing on cognition. We test this hypothesis in an unselected and consecutively enrolled sample of memory clinic attendees (<i>n</i> = 134) who completed the CR Index questionnaire and three neuropsychological tests assessing global cognition (MMSE, FAB, CDT). Participants were divided into two groups based on standard diagnostic criteria (DSM-5): those who were cognitively impaired (<i>n</i> = 92) and those who were preserved (<i>n</i> = 42). A principal component analysis was used to extract a composite measure of global cognitive functioning from the three neuropsychological tests, and mediation analysis was used to examine the relationship between CR, age and global cognitive functioning in the two groups. Results revealed that: (i) age had a significant direct negative effect on the global cognitive score in both groups; (ii) the three socio-behavioural proxies of CR together suppress the direct negative relationship between age and global cognitive score in cognitively impaired patients but not in cognitively preserved participants. This study confirms the association between CR, age and cognition and allows us to validate its role in a population with cognitive impairment and extend findings to a low-to-middle educated population. These results hold important implications for public health and wellness promotion, emphasising the beneficial role of maintaining healthy and active physical, cognitive and social lifestyles.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"17 3","pages":"477-490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5645118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marianna Frascarelli, Tommaso Accinni, Antonino Buzzanca, Luca Carlone, Francesco Ghezzi, Antonella Moschillo, Georgios D. Kotzalidis, Paola Bucci, Giulia Maria Giordano, Martina Fanella, Carlo Di?Bonaventura, Carolina Putotto, Bruno Marino, Massimo Pasquini, Massimo Biondi, Fabio Di?Fabio
{"title":"Social cognition and real-life functioning in patient samples with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome with or without psychosis, compared to a large sample of patients with schizophrenia only and healthy controls","authors":"Marianna Frascarelli, Tommaso Accinni, Antonino Buzzanca, Luca Carlone, Francesco Ghezzi, Antonella Moschillo, Georgios D. Kotzalidis, Paola Bucci, Giulia Maria Giordano, Martina Fanella, Carlo Di?Bonaventura, Carolina Putotto, Bruno Marino, Massimo Pasquini, Massimo Biondi, Fabio Di?Fabio","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.12322","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DS) show an increased risk of developing a psychotic illness lifetime. 22q11.2DS may represent a reliable model for studying the neurobiological underpinnings of schizophrenia. The study of social inference abilities in a genetic condition at high risk for psychosis, like 22q11.2DS, may shed light on the relationships between neurocognitive processes and patients' daily general functioning. The study sample consisted of 1736 participants, divided into four groups: 22q11.2DS patients with diagnosis of psychotic disorder (DEL SCZ, N = 20); 22q11.2DS subjects with no diagnosis of psychosis (DEL, N = 43); patients diagnosed with schizophrenia without 22q11.2DS (SCZ, N = 893); and healthy controls (HC, N = 780). Social cognition was assessed through The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT) and general functioning through the Specific Levels of Functioning (SLoF) scale. We analysed data through regression analysis. The SCZ and DEL groups had similar levels of global functioning; they both had significantly lower SLoF Total scores than HC (p < .001); the DEL SCZ group showed significantly lower scores compared to the other groups (SCZ, p = .004; DEL, p = .003; HC, p < .001). A significant deficit in social cognition was observed in the three clinical groups. In the DEL SCZ and SCZ groups, TASIT scores significantly predicted global functioning (p < .05). Our findings of social cognition deficit in psychosis-prone patients point to the possible future adoption of rehabilitation programmes, like Social Skills Training and Cognitive Remediation, during premorbid stages of psychosis.","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"17 3","pages":"564-583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5781484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alejandra Estefanía Hernández-Martínez, Carlos Alberto Serrano-Juárez, Karen Grisel Barrera-Medellín, Cecilia Inés Ramírez-Quiroga, Alma Griselda Ramírez-Reyes, Roberto Casarrubias Islas, Belén Prieto-Corona
{"title":"Partial Klüver–Bucy syndrome in a Paediatric patient: A post-neurosurgical and neuropsychological cases","authors":"Alejandra Estefanía Hernández-Martínez, Carlos Alberto Serrano-Juárez, Karen Grisel Barrera-Medellín, Cecilia Inés Ramírez-Quiroga, Alma Griselda Ramírez-Reyes, Roberto Casarrubias Islas, Belén Prieto-Corona","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12320","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12320","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A variety of cognitive, behavioural, and emotional impairments have been reported in the literature that are associated with the resection of the temporal cortex. Klüver–Bucy syndrome is one infrequently reported disorder in the paediatric population. This paper describes the neuropsychological findings of a female paediatric patient at 7 and 10 years of age with a diagnosis of partial Klüver–Bucy syndrome (pKBS) following total resection of the amygdala and right hippocampus to resect a glioma. The patient presented emotional problems, aggressiveness, hypermetamorphosis, social indifference, and behavioural dysexecutive syndrome, which was found at both 7 and 10 years, but with a decrease in the severity of alterations in attention, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and aggressive behaviour in a second evaluation after she had a neuropsychological intervention. These findings describe the neuropsychological profile of paediatric case with resection of the amygdala and right temporal lobe.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"18 S1","pages":"61-72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9406813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disruption of the left anterior ventrolateral temporal cortex along with the inferior longitudinal fasciculus impairs the ability to retrieve famous face names: Evidence from three longitudinal case studies","authors":"Eléonor Burkhardt, Anne-Laure Lemaitre, Sam Ng, Sylvie Moritz-Gasser, Fabrice Hirsch, Hugues Duffau, Guillaume Herbet","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12319","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12319","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cortical distribution of the proper name (PN) retrieval network has been widely studied contrary to its connectional anatomy. Here, we report the case of three patients with a low-grade glioma damaging the mid-to-anterior part of the left temporal lobe. A longitudinal behavioural assessment showed that the surgery caused a long-lasting decline in PN retrieval performances in all patients. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of surgery-related structural disconnections revealed that interruption of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus was the unique common denominator.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"18 S1","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9774300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barbara Morera Maiquez, Caitlin Smith, Katherine Dyke, Chia-Ping Chou, Belinda Kasbia, Ciara McCready, Hannah Wright, Jessica K. Jackson, Isabel Farr, Erika Badinger, Georgina M. Jackson, Stephen R. Jackson
{"title":"A double-blind, sham-controlled, trial of home-administered rhythmic 10-Hz median nerve stimulation for the reduction of tics, and suppression of the urge-to-tic, in individuals with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder","authors":"Barbara Morera Maiquez, Caitlin Smith, Katherine Dyke, Chia-Ping Chou, Belinda Kasbia, Ciara McCready, Hannah Wright, Jessica K. Jackson, Isabel Farr, Erika Badinger, Georgina M. Jackson, Stephen R. Jackson","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.12313","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorder (CTD) are neurological disorders of childhood onset characterized by the occurrence of tics; repetitive, purposeless, movements or vocalizations of short duration which can occur many times throughout a day. Currently, effective treatment for tic disorders is an area of considerable unmet clinical need. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a home-administered neuromodulation treatment for tics involving the delivery of rhythmic pulse trains of median nerve stimulation (MNS) delivered via a wearable ‘watch-like’ device worn at the wrist. We conducted a UK-wide parallel double-blind sham-controlled trial for the reduction of tics in individuals with tic disorder. The device was programmed to deliver rhythmic (10 Hz) trains of low-intensity (1–19 mA) electrical stimulation to the median nerve for a pre-determined duration each day, and was intended to be used by each participant in their home once each day, 5 days each week, for a period of 4 weeks. Between 18th March 2022 and 26th September 2022, 135 participants (45 per group) were initially allocated, using stratified randomization, to one of the following groups; active stimulation; sham stimulation or to a waitlist (i.e. treatment as usual) control group. Recruited participants were individuals with confirmed or suspected TS/CTD aged 12 years of age or upward with moderate to severe tics. Researchers involved in the collection or processing of measurement outcomes and assessing the outcomes, as well as participants in the active and sham groups and their legal guardians were all blind to the group allocation. The primary outcome measure used to assess the ‘offline’ or treatment effect of stimulation was the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale–Total Tic Severity Score (YGTSS–TTSS) assessed at the conclusion of 4 weeks of stimulation. The primary outcome measure used to assess the ‘online’ effects of stimulation was tic frequency, measured as the number of tics per minute (TPM) observed, based upon blind analysis of daily video recordings obtained while stimulation was delivered. The results demonstrated that after 4-week stimulation, tic severity (YGTSS-TTSS) had reduced by 7.1 points (35 percentile reduction) for the active stimulation group compared to 2.13/2.11 points for the sham stimulation and waitlist control groups. The reduction in YGTSS–TTSS for the active stimulation group was substantially larger, clinically meaningful (effect size = .5) and statistically significant (<i>p</i> = .02) compared to both the sham stimulation and waitlist control groups, which did not differ from one another (effect size = −.03). Furthermore, blind analyses of video recordings demonstrated that tic frequency (tics per minute) reduced substantially (−15.6 TPM) during active stimulation compared to sham stimulation (−7.7 TPM). This difference represents a statistically significant (<i>p</i> < .03) and clinically meaningful reduction in tic frequency (>25 p","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"17 3","pages":"540-563"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6077852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Larissa L. Meijer, Carla Ruis, Maarten J. van der Smagt, H. Chris Dijkerman
{"title":"Chronic pain relief after receiving affective touch: A single case report","authors":"Larissa L. Meijer, Carla Ruis, Maarten J. van der Smagt, H. Chris Dijkerman","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.12321","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Affective touch is gentle slow stroking of the skin, which can reduce experimentally induced pain. Our participant, suffering from Parkinson's Disease and chronic pain, received 1 week of non-affective touch and 1 week of affective touch as part of a larger study. Interestingly, after 2 days of receiving affective touch, the participant started to feel less pain. After 7 days, the burning painful sensations fully disappeared. This suggest that affective touch may reduce chronic pain in clinical populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"17 3","pages":"584-589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6077387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oxford cognitive screen: A critical review and independent psychometric evaluation","authors":"Donnchadh Murphy, Emily Cornford, Alice Higginson, Alyson Norman, Rebecca Long, Rupert Noad","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.12318","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Oxford cognitive screen (OCS) is a stroke-specific cognitive screening assessment. Although the test developers have provided psychometric information for the assessment, the OCS has received minimal external scrutiny, with which to triangulate the underpinning psychometrics. The purpose of this study is to provide a critical review and independent validation of the OCS. This study analysed data from an anonymised clinical database, which consisted of 316 patients who were assessed using the OCS on an Acute Stroke Unit. The rates of impairment on tests of memory and receptive communication were lower than expectation, suggesting that these subtests may be relatively insensitive. Patients with aphasia were more likely to be unable to categorised as impaired on non-language tests, suggesting that they remain sensitive to language processing or non-dominant hand usage. Some of the subtests of the OCS achieve high retest reliability, which makes them good candidates for measuring cognitive change over time. Although the OCS has many advantages, it is also important to adequately consider its limitations, that is insensitivity to memory problems, the potential confounding impact of non-dominant hand usage, and the potential that some tests may sample overall cognitive ability instead of domain-specific functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"17 3","pages":"491-504"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12318","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6046495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}