Journal of Neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"The autobiographical fluency task: Validity and reliability of a tool to assess episodic autobiographical memory and experience-near personal semantics","authors":"Matilde Conti,&nbsp;Alice Teghil,&nbsp;Maddalena Boccia","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12351","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12351","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The assessment of autobiographical memory is challenging in clinical settings. The Autobiographical Fluency Task (AFT) – that is designed to test both Episodic Autobiographical Memory (EAM) and experience-near Personal Semantics (enPS) – may represent a feasible and rapid method to test access to autobiographical memories. Here we tested the reliability and the construct validity of the AFT. A total number of 51 individuals participated in the present study, with 24 included in Experiment 1 and 27 in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, participants performed both the AFT and the Survey of Autobiographical Memory (SAM). In Experiment 2, participants completed the AFT and the Autobiographical Interview (AI). The AFT showed a moderate-to-high reliability. Also, EAM and enPS scores significantly correlated with the episodic subscale of the SAM. Results of Experiment 1 were replicated and expanded in Experiment 2. Again, the AFT showed a high reliability. Both EAM and enPS showed a significant correlation with the number of internal details produced during the AI; enPS also correlated with the number of external details. Overall, the present results show that the AFT may be a feasible instrument to assess autobiographical memory, especially for testing episodic autobiographical memory and experience-near personal semantics in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"18 2","pages":"251-264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12351","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41186554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding language and cognition after brain surgery – Tumour grade, fine-grained assessment tools and, most of all, individualized approach","authors":"Anna Gasa-Roqué,&nbsp;Adrià Rofes,&nbsp;Marta Simó,&nbsp;Montserrat Juncadella,&nbsp;Imma Rico Pons,&nbsp;Angels Camins,&nbsp;Andreu Gabarrós,&nbsp;Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells,&nbsp;Joanna Sierpowska","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12343","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12343","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cognitive performance influences the quality of life and survival of people with glioma. Thus, a detailed neuropsychological and language evaluation is essential. In this work, we tested if an analysis of errors in naming can indicate semantic and/or phonological impairments in 87 awake brain surgery patients. Secondly, we explored how language and cognition change after brain tumour resection. Finally, we checked if low-tumour grade had a protective effect on cognition. Our results indicated that naming errors can be useful to monitor semantic and phonological processing, as their number correlated with scores on tasks developed by our team for testing these domains. Secondly, we showed that – although an analysis at a whole group level indicates a decline in language functions – significantly more individual patients improve or remain stable when compared to the ones who declined. Finally, we observed that having LGG, when compared with HGG, favours patients' outcome after surgery, most probably due to brain plasticity mechanisms. We provide new evidence of the importance of applying a broader neuropsychological assessment and an analysis of naming errors in patients with glioma. Our approach may potentially ensure better detection of cognitive deficits and contribute to better postoperative outcomes. Our study also shows that an individualized approach in post-surgical follow-ups can reveal reassuring results showing that significantly more patients remain stable or improve and can be a promising avenue for similar reports. Finally, the study captures that plasticity mechanisms may act as protective in LGG versus HGG after surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"18 S1","pages":"158-182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41186555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for a dissociation between moral reasoning and moral decision-making in Tourette syndrome","authors":"Carmelo Mario Vicario,&nbsp;Nicoletta Maugeri,&nbsp;Chiara Lucifora,&nbsp;Adriana Prato,&nbsp;Massimo Mucciardi,&nbsp;Davide Martino,&nbsp;Renata Rizzo","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12350","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12350","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite the growing interest on how Tourette syndrome (TS) affects social cognition skills, this field remains to date relatively under-explored. Here, we aim to advance knowledge on the topic by studying moral decision-making and moral reasoning in a group of adolescents with TS and a group of healthy controls. Overall, we found higher endorsement (i.e. a greater ‘yes’ response rate) for utilitarian solutions of incidental and instrumental moral dilemmas in TS compared to controls. By contrast, we reported an overall higher tendency of TS individuals to apply principles described in the moral foundation questionnaire to establish whether something is morally right or wrong. Our results document intact moral reasoning in TS and suggest that a deficit in suppressing inappropriate behaviours and/or altered sense of agency might be responsible for their higher utilitarian moral decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"18 2","pages":"217-225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41093189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preserving the ability to discriminate between left and right; A case study","authors":"Carla Ruis,&nbsp;Pierre A. Robe,&nbsp;H. Chris Dijkerman","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12348","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12348","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Left-right orientation, a function related to the parietal lobe, is important for many daily activities. Here, we describe a left-handed patient with a right parietal brain tumour. During awake surgery, electric stimulation of the right inferior parietal lobe resulted in mistakes in his left-right orientation. Postoperatively our patient had no problems in discriminating left right. This case report shows that monitoring of left-right orientation during awake brain tumour surgery is feasible so that this function can be preserved.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"18 S1","pages":"85-90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41093945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Snoezelen in older adults with neurocognitive and other pathologies: A systematic review of the literature","authors":"Sónia C. Carvalho,&nbsp;Fátima S. Martins,&nbsp;Amélia N. Martins,&nbsp;Raquel C. Barbosa,&nbsp;Selene G. Vicente","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12346","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12346","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Snoezelen Multisensory Stimulation (SMSS) is a non-pharmacological intervention that provides controlled multisensorial environments to stimulate the primary senses: sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste, proprioceptive and vestibular. Even though the use and potential of SMSS have been widespread in the literature regarding certain target populations (autism, developmental disabilities) and settings (e.g. leisure, therapeutic), its effectiveness in older adults with neurocognitive disorders (e.g. dementia, mild cognitive impairment) and other pathologies (e.g. psychiatric disorders, oncological diseases) is still unclear. Therefore, a systematic review of the literature was conducted to address this issue. The recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and of the Cochrane Collaboration were followed. An initial search on PubMed and Scopus databases resulted in 86 articles of which 14 met inclusion criteria and were reviewed in detail. The outcomes showed that most of the studies (<i>n</i> = 13) focused on the effects of SMSS on behaviour and mood in older adults with major cognitive disorders (i.e. dementia). Although there is scarce literature on its impact on cognition, psychophysiological measures (e.g. heart rate, oxygen saturation), daily living functionality and quality of life, this type of intervention seems to contribute to delaying the worsening in severity of the neurocognitive disorders from the mildest to the most severe stages. Likewise, it is legitimate to consider the possibility of potential benefits to older adults with less severe neurocognitive disorders or other pathologies, but more research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"18 2","pages":"312-331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41098744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive factors of post-operative apathy in patients with diffuse frontal gliomas undergoing awake brain mapping","authors":"Kazuya Motomura,&nbsp;Ai Kawamura,&nbsp;Fumiharu Ohka,&nbsp;Kosuke Aoki,&nbsp;Tomohide Nishikawa,&nbsp;Junya Yamaguchi,&nbsp;Yuji Kibe,&nbsp;Hiroki Shimizu,&nbsp;Sachi Maeda,&nbsp;Ryuta Saito","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12345","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12345","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Patients with diffuse frontal gliomas often present with post-operative apathy after tumour removal. However, the association between apathy and tumour removal of gliomas from the frontal lobe remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing post-operative apathy after tumour removal in patients with diffuse frontal gliomas. We compared the demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with and without post-operative apathy in a cohort of 54 patients who underwent awake brain mapping for frontal gliomas. The frequency of clinical parameters such as left-sided involvement, high-grade tumour types (WHO grades III, IV), main tumour location in the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC) and/or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) was significantly greater in the apathetic group compared to the non-apathetic group. The apathetic group scored significantly lower on neuropsychological assessments such as the Letter Fluency Test among the Word Fluency Tests than the non-pathetic group (<i>p</i> = .000). Moreover, the scores of Parts 3, and 3–1 of the Stroop test were significantly lower in the apathetic group than those in the non-apathetic group (<i>p</i> = .023, .027, respectively). Multivariate model analysis revealed that the appearance of post-operative apathy was significantly related to side of the of lesion [left vs. right, hazard ratio (HR) = 8.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.36–46.96, <i>p</i> = .021], location of the main tumour in the frontal lobe (ACC/DLPFC/OFC vs. others, HR = 7.99, 95% CI = 2.16–29.59, <i>p</i> = .002), and the Letter Fluency Test (HR = .37, 95% CI = .15–.90, <i>p</i> = .028). Post-operative apathy is significantly associated with ACC and/or DLPFC and OFC in the left hemisphere of diffuse frontal gliomas. Apathy in frontal gliomas is correlated with a decline in the Letter Fluency Test scores. Therefore, this instrument is a potential predictor of post-operative apathy in patients with diffuse frontal gliomas undergoing awake brain mapping.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"18 S1","pages":"73-84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41092931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring longitudinal changes in implicit awareness of dementia: An investigation of the emotional Stroop effect in healthy ageing and mild dementia","authors":"Anthony Martyr,&nbsp;Sharon M. Nelis,&nbsp;Robin G. Morris,&nbsp;Ivana S. Marková,&nbsp;Ilona Roth,&nbsp;Robert T. Woods,&nbsp;Linda Clare","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12344","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12344","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of the study was to investigate responses to dementia-relevant words in healthy older people and to investigate changes in response over 20-months in people with early-stage dementia. An emotional Stroop task, using colour-naming dementia-relevant words, was used as an indicator of implicit awareness of dementia. Overall, 24 people with dementia and 24 healthy older people completed an emotional Stroop task (T1). People with dementia completed the same task again after 12 (T2) and 20 (T3) months. For people with dementia emotional Stroop performance was contrasted with ratings of explicit awareness based on a detailed interview at T1 and at T2. For healthy older people and people with dementia response times to dementia-relevant words were significantly longer than those for neutral words. The effect was absent for people with dementia at T3. This decline in the emotional Stroop effect was not associated with cognitive decline as measured by the MMSE. Ratings of explicit awareness showed no significant change over time. There was no association between explicit awareness and implicit awareness. Implicit awareness of the condition is evident in early-stage dementia and can be elicited even where there is reduced explicit awareness. The emotional Stroop effect for dementia-relevant words in people with dementia appears to decline over time, independently of changes in MMSE score, suggesting that implicit awareness fades as time progresses.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"18 2","pages":"226-238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12344","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10139166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of musical mnemonics on working memory performance in cognitively unimpaired older adults and persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment","authors":"Marije W. Derks-Dijkman,&nbsp;Rebecca S. Schaefer,&nbsp;Lisa Baan-Wessels,&nbsp;Ilse A. D. A. van Tilborg,&nbsp;Roy P. C. Kessels","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12342","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12342","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Episodic memory (EM) and working memory (WM) are negatively affected by healthy ageing, and additional memory impairment typically occurs in clinical ageing-related conditions such as amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Recent studies on musical mnemonics in Alzheimer's dementia (AD) showed promising results on EM performance. However, the effects of musical mnemonics on WM performance have not yet been studied in (a)MCI or AD. Particularly in (a)MCI the use of musical mnemonics may benefit the optimisation of (working) memory performance. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effects of musical presentation of digits consisting of pre-recorded rhythms, sung unfamiliar pitch sequences, and their combinations, as compared to spoken presentation. Furthermore, musical expertise was assessed with two perceptual tests and the Self-Report Inventory of the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index. Thirty-two persons with aMCI and 32 cognitively unimpaired older adults (OA) participated in this study. Confirming and extending previous findings in research on ageing, our results show a facilitating effect of rhythm in both cognitively unimpaired OA and persons with aMCI (<i>p</i> = .001, <i>η</i>_<i>p</i>² = .158). Furthermore, pitch (<i>p</i> = .048, <i>η</i>_<i>p</i>² = .062) and melody (<i>p</i> = .012, <i>η</i>_<i>p</i>² = .098) negatively affected performance in both groups. Musical expertise increased this beneficial effect of musical mnemonics (<i>p</i> = .021, <i>η</i>_<i>p</i>² = .090). Implications for the future design of music-based memorisation strategies in (a)MCI are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"18 2","pages":"286-299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10007278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired facial emotion recognition in relation to social behaviours in de novo Parkinson's disease","authors":"Anne Carien Slomp,&nbsp;Sygrid van der Zee,&nbsp;Jeffrey M. Boertien,&nbsp;Marleen J. J. Gerritsen,&nbsp;Teus van Laar,&nbsp;Jacoba M. Spikman","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12341","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12341","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Facial emotion recognition (FER) is a crucial component of social cognition and is essential in social-interpersonal behaviour regulation. Although FER impairment is well-established in advanced PD, data about FER at the time of diagnosis and its relationship with social behavioural problems in daily life are lacking. The aim was to examine FER at the time of PD diagnosis compared to a matched healthy control (HC) group and to associate FER with indices of social behavioural problems. In total, 142 de novo, treatment-naïve PD patients and 142 HC were included. FER was assessed by the Ekman 60 faces test (EFT). Behavioural problems in PD patients were assessed using the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX-self and DEX-proxy) and the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES-self). PD patients had significantly lower EFT-total scores (<i>p</i> = .001) compared to HC, with worse recognition of Disgust (<i>p</i> = .001) and Sadness (<i>p</i> = .016). Correlational analyses yielded significant correlations between AES-self and both EFT-total (<i>r</i>_<i>s</i> = .28) and Fear (<i>r</i>_<i>s</i> = .22). Significant negative correlations were found between DEX-proxy and both EFT-total (<i>r</i>_<i>s</i> = −.28) and Anger (<i>r</i>_<i>s</i> = −.26). Analyses of DEX-subscales showed that proxy ratings were significantly higher than patient-ratings for the Social Conventions subscale (<i>p</i> = .047). This DEX-proxy subscale had the strongest correlation with EFT-total (<i>r</i>_<i>s</i> = −.29). Results show that de novo PD patients already show impaired FER compared to HC. In addition, lower FER is linked to self-reported apathy and proxy-reported social-behavioural problems, especially concerning social conventions. These findings validate the importance of the inclusion of social cognition measures in the neuropsychological assessment even in early PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"18 2","pages":"205-216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9863073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous unilateral spatial neglect recovery after brain tumour resection: A multimodal diffusion and rs-fMRI case report","authors":"Luca Zigiotto,&nbsp;Gabriele Amorosino,&nbsp;Francesca Saviola,&nbsp;Jorge Jovicich,&nbsp;Luciano Annicchiarico,&nbsp;Umberto Rozzanigo,&nbsp;Emanuele Olivetti,&nbsp;Paolo Avesani,&nbsp;Silvio Sarubbo","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12339","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12339","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Patients with unilateral spatial neglect (USN) are unable to explore or to report stimuli presented in the left personal and extra-personal space. USN is usually caused by lesion of the right parietal lobe: nowadays, it is also clear the key role of structural connections (the second and the third branch of the right Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus, respectively, SLF II and III) and functional networks (Dorsal and Ventral Attention Network, respectively, DAN and VAN) in USN. In this multimodal case report, we have merged those structural and functional information derived from a patient with a right parietal lobe tumour and USN before surgery. Functional, structural and neuropsychological data were also collected 6 months after surgery, when the USN was spontaneously recovered. Diffusion metrics and Functional Connectivity (FC) of the right SLF and DAN, before and after surgery, were compared with the same data of a patient with a tumour in a similar location, but without USN, and with a control sample. Results indicate an impairment in the right SLF III and a reduction of FC of the right DAN in patients with USN before surgery compared to controls; after surgery, when USN was recovered, patient's diffusion metrics and FC showed no differences compared to the controls. This single case and its multimodal approach reinforce the crucial role of the right SLF III and DAN in the development and recovery of egocentric and allocentric extra-personal USN, highlighting the need to preserve these structural and functional areas during brain surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"18 S1","pages":"91-114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10125811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}