Journal of Neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Neural correlates of pure apathy in multiple sclerosis: An exploratory neuroimaging study.","authors":"Valentina Torchia, Vera Gramigna, Mariachiara Gaita, Daniele Spitaleri, Antonio Costanzo, Liana Palermo, Florindo d'Onofrio, Simona Raimo","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pure apathy is relatively common in people with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS), but its neural mechanisms remain unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the neural correlates of pure apathy in PwMS, differentiating it from depression. Sixty-two PwMS underwent neuropsychological assessments and Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans. Pure apathy is primarily associated with lesions in the cortical-limbic-subcortical system implicated in goal-directed behaviour and motivation. Apathy and depression arise from distinct yet partially overlapping neural mechanisms, with basal ganglia and limbic structures playing a key role.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147483970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An open label investigation of the feasibility and effectiveness of Memory Boost: A novel brief group cognitive remediation intervention for adults with mixed mood and anxiety disorders.","authors":"Catherine Bosyj, Jelena P King, Christina Gojmerac, Bruno Losier, Heather E McNeely","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a novel group cognitive remediation (Memory Boost) designed to improve memory in an adult mixed mood and anxiety disorder population. A secondary aim was to explore the relationship between mood symptoms and performance on subjective and objective memory measures. Participants were adults (n = 99) being treated for a primary diagnosis of a mood disorder in an ambulatory mental health and addictions program who completed Memory Boost between 2014 and 2020. Assessments were completed pre- and post-intervention using self-report measures of mood, anxiety and stress, subjective memory difficulties, confidence in memory and use of memory strategies. Selected subtests of the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test were administered as objective measures of memory. Over 76% of the sample was retained to post-group test completion. There were significant improvements on subjective measures of memory satisfaction, capability, use of strategies and frequency of mistakes; no significant changes in objective memory performance were observed. Significant improvements were noted in self-reported ratings of depression symptoms, with a significant positive correlation noted between changes in subjective memory and mood improvement. Results indicate that participation in Memory Boost was feasible and associated with improved subjective perception of memory and increased use of cognitive compensatory strategies in a mixed diagnosis adult mood and anxiety disorder sample. Improvement in self-reported mood was also noted and positively correlated with changes in subjective memory, suggesting that a brief cognitive remediation intervention may be a feasible and effective adjunct therapy to mood disorders treatment as usual.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147454886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential cued recall memory impairment in mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease versus Parkinson's disease","authors":"Ondrej Bezdicek,&nbsp;Jiří Motýl,&nbsp;Tomáš Nikolai,&nbsp;Adéla Fendrych Mazancová,&nbsp;Jakub Hort,&nbsp;Robert Jech,&nbsp;Martin Vyhnálek,&nbsp;Hana Horáková","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70010","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Both Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are often associated with memory dysfunction, but their pathophysiological underpinnings differ. The current research aimed to differentiate specific profiles of memory impairment due to AD versus PD. We used controlled learning and cued recall paradigm based on the Memory Binding Test (MBT) in ‘clinically cognitively normal’ controls (CN; <i>n</i> = 161), in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment due to AD (AD-aMCI; <i>n</i> = 50) and due to PD (PD-MCI; <i>n</i> = 22), and in PD with normal cognition (<i>n</i> = 18) as based on performance in the neuropsychological battery to prevent circularity in diagnostic decision-making. We applied analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine between-group differences and detection potential of the MBT. We found statistically large between-group differences with worse memory performance in paired cued recall conditions in AD-aMCI&lt;PD-MCI; AD-aMCI&lt;PD-NC; AD-aMCI&lt;CN (<i>p</i> &lt; .001 after Bonferroni correction), and to a lesser extent in PD-MCI&lt;CN (<i>p</i> = .039). However, PD-NC did not differ from PD-MCI, and PD-NC did not differ from CN (<i>p</i> &gt; .050). The detection potential of MBT paired cued recall for differentiating memory impairment in AD-aMCI from CN yielded an AUC of 90% (95% CI, 85–96) and an AUC of 91% (95% CI, 81–&gt;99) between AD-aMCI and PD-MCI. Associative memory and binding impairment are most pronounced in AD-aMCI in comparison to PD-MCI and controls. Overall, the MBT is an efficient tool for the differential diagnosis of memory impairment due to the two most common neurodegenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 1","pages":"68-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12976840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144937343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding memory dynamics in stroke patients: Learning and forgetting patterns based on verbal recall","authors":"Selma Lugtmeijer,&nbsp;Edward H. F. de Haan,&nbsp;Roy P. C. Kessels","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Memory deficits are common post stroke. Most episodic memory tests consist of a learning phase, immediate recall and a 30-min delayed recall test. Recent research suggests a proportion of stroke patients exhibit accelerated long-term forgetting after a longer delay. Based on a word-list learning test in stroke patients and controls, we demonstrate that stroke patients recalled fewer words after five learning trials, and on 30-min and 1-week delayed recall tests, caused by shallower learning curves and higher percentages of forgetting.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 1","pages":"276-283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12976844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147429488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in response inhibition between medication-free patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without sensory phenomena","authors":"Keitaro Murayama,&nbsp;Hirofumi Tomiyama,&nbsp;Kenta Sashikata,&nbsp;Mingi Kang,&nbsp;Aikana Ohno,&nbsp;Kenta Kato,&nbsp;Akira Matsuo,&nbsp;Tomohiro Nakao","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70016","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous disorder, and approximately 70% of patients with OCD experience sensory phenomena (SP). Previous studies have revealed that patients with OCD exhibit a deficit in response inhibition (RI). However, few studies have investigated the relationship between SP and RI in patients with OCD. This study aimed to investigate differences in RI between non-comorbid, medication-free patients with OCD with and without SP. Thirty-seven patients with OCD with SP (OCD + SP), 27 without SP (OCD-noSP), and 50 controls (HCs) were compared in terms of RI using the stop-signal task. Both OCD groups had a deficit in RI compared with HCs, and no difference in RI was found between the OCD + SP and OCD-noSP groups. No correlation was observed between SP and stop-signal reaction time in the OCD + SP group. Our findings suggest that a deficit in RI is not related to SP in OCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 1","pages":"132-143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12976831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult lifespan normative data (18–92 years) for executive function tests; the Stroop colour word test, COWAT and Hayling sentence completion test","authors":"Patrick Murphy,&nbsp;Emily Webster,&nbsp;Lisa Cipolotti","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The neuropsychological assessment of executive functions is an important part of the diagnostic process for many neurological diseases and for predicting the ability of neurological patients to function independently. Unfortunately, for the majority of commonly used executive function tests there is a paucity of updated normative data, particularly for older adults. This complicates the process of a clinically meaningful assessment. To help address this, we provide normative data for three well-validated tests of executive functions, the Stroop Colour/Word Test, the Controlled Oral Word Association Test and the Hayling Sentence Completion Test, alongside scores from an estimate of general intellectual ability. These tests are sensitive to frontal lobe damage and provide clinicians with information about possible focal damage to the left and right frontal lobes. Percentiles are presented for five age cohorts across the adult lifespan (18–92 years). A regression equation with age and predicted full-scale IQ also allows for the categorisation of normal and defective performance on the Stroop and Hayling tests. Given the increasing proportion of older adults requiring neuropsychological assessment, we investigated separately two groups in the older adult range: 65–79 years and 80–92 years. We found a decline in performance for older adults on all three tests. This decline was more marked amongst lower scoring older adults. We did not find a significant relationship between sex and performance on any of the three tests. The findings are discussed in the light of the cognitive reserve theory of ageing.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12976820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontal Assessment Battery: Reliability, validity and discriminative ability in a Spanish sample of amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Luis Heredia,&nbsp;María Marco,&nbsp;Nerea Carrión,&nbsp;Margarita Torrente","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dementia constitutes one of the most widespread neurological disorders, representing an important health concern due to its increasing prevalence. Among the various types of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common in the elderly, characterized by episodic memory impairment and also a decline in executive functions. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered a transitional stage between normal ageing and dementia, often described as a pre-dementia state. Distinguishing between these states is of paramount importance for the detection and appropriate care of patients. Functional Assessment Battery (FAB) is a screening tool for assessing executive function. In this study, 36 healthy individuals (HC), 31 single-domain amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients, and 29 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients were assessed using FAB to determine its reliability, validity, and discriminative validity in a Spanish sample. Results indicated a good internal consistency of FAB in the AD sample (α = .71), but not in the aMCI group (α = .49). Significant differences between HC and both aMCI and AD groups were observed in the total scores of FAB. The FAB also showed good accuracy in distinguishing between HC and patients (AUC = 0.85), with an estimated optimal cut-off point of 16.5. However, its ability to distinguish between aMCI and AD individuals was lower (AUC = 0.68). More studies are necessary to corroborate our results using larger samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 1","pages":"88-100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12976837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed recall from the primacy portion of a story predicts conversion of patients with mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Veronica Di Palma,&nbsp;Lucia Fadda,&nbsp;Valentina Massimi,&nbsp;Carla Leonardi,&nbsp;Maria Stefania De Simone,&nbsp;Carlo Caltagirone,&nbsp;Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70017","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The serial position effect is a well-established phenomenon characterised by better recall of items at the beginning and end of a list compared to those in the middle. A reduced primacy effect—reflected by diminished recall of items from the initial positions—has frequently been reported in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). This study aimed to examine the serial position curve in the Prose Memory test and to assess whether recall accuracy from the primacy portion of the story can predict progression from MCI to AD. Sixty-two patients diagnosed with MCI were included. After 3 years, 30 patients progressed to AD (cMCI), while 32 remained stable (sMCI). Immediate and delayed recall performance for the three segments of the story (Primacy, Middle and Recency) was analysed. In the immediate recall trial, both MCI groups and healthy controls showed enhanced recall accuracy only for the Primacy portion of the story. In the delayed trial, a reduced primacy effect significantly distinguished cMCI from sMCI patients. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated acceptable diagnostic accuracy of delayed Primacy recall in differentiating converters from stable MCI patients. Delayed Primacy recall in the Prose Memory test predicted conversion from MCI to AD. These results suggest that delayed Primacy recall in prose memory may serve as a non-invasive marker for identifying individuals at risk for AD progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 1","pages":"144-153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145335961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immersive virtual reality assessments of working memory and psychomotor skills: A comparison between immersive and non-immersive assessments","authors":"Panagiotis Kourtesis,&nbsp;Andrea Lizarraga,&nbsp;Sarah E. MacPherson","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Immersive virtual reality (VR) enhances ecological validity and facilitates intuitive and ergonomic hand interactions for performing neuropsychological assessments. However, its comparability to traditional computerized methods remains unclear. This study investigates the convergent validity, user experience and usability of VR-based versus PC-based assessments of short-term and working memory, as well as psychomotor skills, while also examining how demographic and IT-related skills influence performance in both modalities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-six participants performed the Digit Span Task (DST), Corsi Block Task (CBT) and Deary-Liewald Reaction Time Task (DLRTT) in both VR- and PC-based formats. Participants' experience in using computers and smartphones, and playing videogames, was considered. User experience and system usability of the formats were also evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While performance on DST was similar across modalities, PC assessments enabled better performance on CBT and faster reaction times in DLRTT. Significant correlations between VR and PC versions supported convergent validity. Regression analyses revealed that performance on PC versions was influenced by computing and gaming experience, whereas performance on VR versions was largely independent of these factors, except for gaming experience predicting performance on CBT backward recall. Moreover, VR assessments received higher ratings for user experience and usability than PC-based assessments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Immersive VR assessments provide an engaging alternative to traditional computerized methods, with minimal reliance on prior IT experience and demographic factors. This resilience to individual differences suggests that VR may offer a more equitable and accessible platform for automated cognitive assessment. Future research should explore the long-term reliability of VR-based assessments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 1","pages":"115-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12976848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Tele-Oxford Cognitive Screen to a neuropsychological battery in chronic stroke survivors","authors":"Ye Wo,&nbsp;Nele Demeyere,&nbsp;Sam S. Webb","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following an increased need for remote cognitive screening solutions, we aimed to investigate the construct validity and determine initial sensitivity/specificity estimates of the Tele-OCS, a stroke-specific remotely administered cognitive screening tool. To this end, a secondary data analysis is presented from 98 stroke survivors from the OX-CHRONIC longitudinal study (average 4.5 years. post-stroke). Convergent validity was examined for overall Tele-OCS performance against MoCA total score, and separately for each of the subtasks against matched neuropsychological tasks. Divergent validity was examined against different neuropsychological tests and presumed to be unrelated self-reported anxiety, as measured with HADS-A. Overall, we found that the Tele-OCS subtasks had good convergent/divergent validity. All subtasks also showed excellent specificity (min 80%), and whilst the cancellation task also showed good sensitivity (80%), all other subtasks came at a cost of lower sensitivity, compared to a more sensitive neuropsychological assessment. The Tele-OCS provides a brief, remote, first-line cognitive screening tool that reliably detects cognitive changes where these are clearly present, specifically and validly measuring distinct cognitive domains, which contrasts with a domain-general cognitive screening approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 1","pages":"186-195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12976851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145522585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}