Journal of Neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of motor and cognitive-motor training on cognitive performance in healthy older adults","authors":"Silvia Gobbo,&nbsp;Elisa Galli,&nbsp;Daniele Romano","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70043","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With a rapidly aging global population, identifying effective strategies to preserve cognitive health and functional independence is increasingly important. This study investigated the effects of motor and combined cognitive-motor training on cognitive performance and well-being in healthy older adults against a control condition. Participants completed four assessments, each spaced 1 month apart, which served as the control condition. The first two assessments constituted a double-baseline period during which no training was administered. The third and fourth assessments followed the motor and cognitive–motor training phases, respectively, with the order of training counterbalanced across participants. Training was delivered to 23 individuals at home via the rehability telerehabilitation platform, which provided daily serious games targeting motor and cognitive skills. Outcomes were assessed using standardized cognitive tests and validated well-being questionnaires. Sample size was determined a priori assessing the risk of misconclusion, and Bayesian statistics were used to obtain nuanced yet robust results. The study was preregistered. Results indicated that both motor and cognitive-motor training led to improvements in key cognitive domains, including memory (BF₁₀ = 156.837), processing speed (BF₁₀ = 4.687) and inhibitory control (BF₁₀ = 101.559). These gains were observed relative to the control condition, suggesting a key role of the interventions rather than a mere effect of time, test learning or spontaneous improvement. No significant changes were observed in self-reported mood or overall well-being suggesting that cognitive and psychological outcomes might be impacted differently by the training.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 3","pages":"517-532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.70043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147483995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential aspects of familiar people recognition disorders in right and left variants of semantic dementia: A critical review","authors":"Guido Gainotti","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70057","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of the present review will consist of discussing the different forms of familiar people recognition disorders observed in the right and left variants of semantic dementia. The review will start with a summary of the main cognitive models of familiar people recognition and of the neuroanatomical correlates of the processing stages proposed by these models. In this section, the role played by ‘familiarity feelings’ and by the properly ‘semantic’ aspects of familiar people recognition in the recognition of familiar people will be taken separately into account. The different roles played by the right and left anterior temporal lobes in each of these components of the system will also be stressed. In the second part of the review, I will discuss results obtained by patients with right and left variants of semantic dementia on tasks assessing ‘familiarity feelings’ and the distinction between general and social knowledge, reaching the following conclusions: (a) recognition disorders shown by patients with a right variant of semantic dementia are due to more to the disruption of pre-semantic mechanisms allowing the automatic generation of familiarity feelings than to properly semantic defects; (b) the right anterior temporal lobe (ATL) supports more the concrete than the abstract components of ‘social knowledge’; (c) the right ATL can store only information that can be represented in a concrete pictorial format whereas the left ATL mainly stores information that can be represented only through abstract linguistic propositions (240).</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 3","pages":"647-658"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.70057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148161052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hijacked insula: A stratified model of affective touch modulation in chronic pain","authors":"Efterpi Maria Palamoutsi,&nbsp;Giulia Liberati","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70062","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chronic pain involves maladaptive plasticity of the insular cortex, a key hub for both pain and affective touch. While C-tactile (CT) afferent stimulation shows analgesic potential, its efficacy is limited by altered touch processing in chronic pain populations. This review integrates neuroimaging and behavioural evidence to propose a novel, stratified therapeutic framework targeting the insula. A narrative review of PubMed and Scopus was performed. Two literature streams were synthesized: (1) neuroimaging studies characterizing structural and functional insular abnormalities in chronic pain and (2) studies examining behavioural and neural responses to affective touch in chronic pain populations. The synthesis identifies a core ‘dysfunctional insula’ phenotype marked by structural atrophy, persistent hyperactivity and reorganized network connectivity (e.g. salience, default mode). This is paralleled by altered affective touch processing, often manifesting as anhedonia. Neuroimaging supports a ‘neural hijacking’ model, where insular activity during gentle touch decouples from pleasantness and instead correlates with pain-related metrics. Critically, findings are heterogeneous: some cohorts retain hedonic discrimination, suggesting the underlying neural circuits are suppressed rather than permanently damaged. We propose a stratified model where CT-based interventions are personalized to a patient's neurofunctional phenotype: either by normalizing ‘hijacked’ pain-related circuits or by strengthening intact hedonic pathways. This approach moves beyond a one-size-fits-all strategy, establishing the insula as a nuanced target for personalized, non-pharmacological pain therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 3","pages":"659-694"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148387186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral reading fluency as a predictor of neuropsychological test performance: Evidence from Hungarian language","authors":"Alberto Luis Fernández,&nbsp;Tünde Simonyi,&nbsp;Gazul Rotela Leite,&nbsp;Tímea Harmath-Tánczos","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70046","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Education strongly influences neuropsychological test performance, yet years of schooling often fail to capture educational quality. Oral reading fluency (ORF)—the speed and accuracy of reading aloud—has emerged as a promising proxy for educational level. This study examined whether ORF predicts neuropsychological performance better than years of schooling across languages. A sample of 123 Hungarian-speaking adults (ages 15–83) completed an ORF task and the Multicultural Neuropsychological Scale (MUNS). Simultaneous multiple regression analysis included gender, age, years of schooling and ORF as predictors of MUNS Total scores. Results showed that age (<i>β</i> = −.43) and ORF (β = .37) significantly predicted neuropsychological performance, explaining 50% of variance, whereas gender (.37) and years of schooling (<i>p</i> = .12) were not significant. ORF correlated moderately with schooling (r = .43), indicating partial overlap but distinct contributions. These findings replicate prior results in Spanish speakers, suggesting ORF is a robust cross-linguistic predictor of cognitive performance, even in transparent orthographies like Hungarian. ORF offers a practical tool for neuropsychological assessment, particularly in multicultural contexts where educational systems vary widely.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 3","pages":"548-558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147631916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preservation of positive emotion recognition in patients with multiple sclerosis: Artefact related to methodological issues or real feature of the disorder?","authors":"Laurent Zikos,&nbsp;Antonio Pinti,&nbsp;Henrique Sequeira,&nbsp;Cécile Donze,&nbsp;Arnaud Kwiatkowski,&nbsp;Béatrice Degraeve,&nbsp;Bruno Lenne","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70051","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prior studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) suggest preserved recognition of positive emotions despite deficits for negative ones, but this dissociation may reflect methodological limitations (valence-asymmetry: positive-valence being limited to happiness/joy in basic-emotion sets). This study tested whether emotion–recognition deficits in MS are valence-specific or more generalized using dynamic stimuli and reduced valence-asymmetry, assessed across two sensory modalities. Exploratory analyses also examined cognitive status and correlations with cognitive/affective measures. Fifty relapsing–remitting persons with MS (pwMS) and 50 matched controls completed an emotion–recognition task involving dynamic audio and video stimuli. The task assessed recognition of all six basic emotions and 14 complex emotions. Cognitive and affective measures were collected; exploratory analyses examined cognitive status and associations with these variables. PwMS showed significantly lower recognition accuracy across multiple emotions compared to controls. In the video condition, group differences were stronger for negative emotions (OR = .62, <i>p</i> = .001), whereas no significant group difference was observed for positive emotions. Only a single significant deficit (anger: OR = .52, <i>p</i> = .027) was found in the audio condition. Video subgroup analyses indicated reduced recognition in cognitively impaired pwMS for selected items, whereas pwMS without cognitive impairment did not differ significantly from controls. Findings support a predominant vulnerability for negative emotion–recognition in MS. In the absence of a significant group-level difference, the frequently reported preservation of positive emotion–recognition cannot be attributed to methodological artefacts alone. More broadly, individual patient characteristics, including cognitive functioning, may contribute to heterogeneity in emotion–recognition performance in MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 3","pages":"579-595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive and motor reserve in Parkinson's disease: Two sides of the same coin?","authors":"Isabella Anzuino,&nbsp;Sonia Di Tella,&nbsp;Alice Tondinelli,&nbsp;Clio Scopetani Testa,&nbsp;Martina Petracca,&nbsp;Maria Rita Lo Monaco,&nbsp;Anna Rita Bentivoglio,&nbsp;Maria Caterina Silveri","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70056","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cognitive reserve (CR) and motor reserve (MR) are constructs that can explain why some people are more resilient than others to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it is unclear whether these reserves exert domain-specific or cross-domain influences. This study investigated the predictive role of CR and MR on cognition and motor function, as well as possible cross-domain interactions. Fifty individuals with PD underwent neuropsychological and motor assessments and completed questionnaires measuring CR (Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire, CRIq), MR (Motor Reserve Index questionnaire, MRIq), and current physical activity (Current Physical Activity questionnaire, CPAq). Multiple regression models were computed to assess the predictive value of total reserve indices on cognition, executive functions, and clinical motor outcomes. Correlation analyses were conducted between reserve sub-indices and cognitive and clinical motor variables. Total CRIq scores predicted global cognitive functioning and executive abilities, as well as age of onset and disease duration. However, total MRIq scores did not demonstrate any predictive value. The CPAq total score predicted executive functions and disease stage. Some CRIq and MRIq sub-indices were found to correlate with both cognitive and motor measures. CR influences multiple domains in PD, supporting cognition and counteracting clinical decline. The MRIq total score did not demonstrate any predictive value, but some correlations emerged between MRIq sub-indices and cognitive and motor measures. The CPAq revealed effects that crossed domains, indicating that ongoing physical activity may confer immediate protective effects. This highlights the importance of promoting cognitive and physical stimulating lifestyles to enhance resilience in PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 3","pages":"617-630"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age and sex differences in cognitive performance in people with subjective cognitive decline and associated worry: Findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging","authors":"Sofia Marinou,&nbsp;Vanessa Taler","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70049","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) refers to self-perceived decline in cognition in the absence of objective impairment and may represent a preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease, particularly when accompanied by worry. However, limited research has examined the influence of age and sex on cognitive performance among individuals with SCD. This study investigated age- and sex-specific associations between SCD (+/− worry) and cross-sectional cognition in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Participants were categorized into Controls (<i>n</i> = 5713), SCD-No Worry (<i>n</i> = 3379) and SCD + Worry (<i>n</i> = 3511). Analyses were stratified by age (45–54, 55–64, 65–74, 75+) and sex and adjusted for education and depressive symptoms. Cognitive outcomes included four executive function and two verbal memory measures. Regarding executive function, men with SCD + Worry outperformed controls on letter fluency in the 55–64 and 65–74 groups, and women in both SCD groups outperformed controls on letter fluency in the 65–74 group. In contrast, men aged 75+ with SCD + Worry performed worse than controls on semantic fluency. No group differences emerged on Stroop Interference or the mental alternation task. For memory, men aged 45–54 and 55–64 with SCD-No Worry had higher immediate recall, whereas in the 75+ group, lower delayed recall was observed in men with SCD (+/− worry) and women with SCD-No Worry compared to controls. Overall, the results indicate that the clinical relevance of SCD may increase with age, independent of sex and worry status. These findings may improve the clinical utility of SCD and inform earlier detection of individuals at risk of future cognitive decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 3","pages":"559-578"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147727886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double-blind, sham-controlled, trial of rhythmic 10 Hz median nerve stimulation for the reduction of tics in Tourette syndrome: Analyses of 3-month follow-up data for those receiving active stimulation.","authors":"Stephen R Jackson, Barbara Morera Maiquez, Georgina M Jackson","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tourette syndrome [TS] is a neurological disorder of childhood onset characterised by the occurrence of tics: repetitive, purposeless movements or vocalisations. Effective treatment for tic disorders is an area of considerable unmet clinical need. A pre-registered UK-wide parallel double-blind sham-controlled trial, consisting of 4-weeks of daily home-administered rhythmic 10 Hz median nerve stimulation [rMNS], demonstrated that 10 Hz rMNS reduced tic frequency during stimulation, relative to a sham-stimulation control group and produced a significant reduction in tic severity at the end of a 4-week period of daily 10-min periods of stimulation (again relative to a sham-stimulation control group). The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, in the interests of clarity, to report the effects of 4-weeks of daily rMNS on secondary measures of neuropsychiatric conditions that commonly co-occur with TS, specifically obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD] and anxiety disorder, that were not reported in the previous paper. Second, for completeness, to report the effects of rMNS on primary and secondary clinical measures at the point of a 3-month follow-up for the group who received active stimulation. The results demonstrate that, after 4 weeks of daily stimulation, motor and vocal tic severity scores, premonitory urge experiences and OCD symptoms were substantially reduced relative to baseline levels. Importantly, this reduction in motor and vocal tic severity scores, premonitory urge experiences and OCD symptoms persisted at the 3-month follow-up point, indicating that clinical benefits can outlast the immediate period of stimulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148899925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of CR1 polymorphism, education and occupation with high cognitive functioning in older adults: A Brazilian sample.","authors":"Gabriel Sousa Andrade, Cynthia Costa Salomão, Julia Teixeira Lucena, Patrícia de Araujo-Souza, Amer Cavalheiro Hamdan","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although ageing is naturally associated with cognitive decline, some lifestyle factors, such as formal education and occupational complexity, were shown to promote the preservation of cognitive functions such as memory. Genetic factors, such as the Complement Receptor 1 (CR1) gene, were also identified to have an impact on cognition. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the associations of education, occupational complexity, and CR1 polymorphisms (rs6656401) with cognitive functions in a sample of autonomous, healthy older adults. A final sample of 102 participants was tested for executive functions, episodic memory, non-verbal memory, and reaction speed, while the final sample for the genetic assessment was 48. The mPACC scores were calculated in order to classify the participants into standard or High-Performing Older Adults. The lifelong occupations were classified according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations-08 criteria. The results revealed that education was more strongly associated with cognitive performance than occupational complexity. However, occupational complexity was independently associated with mental state among the highest education group. Furthermore, normative scores for older adults over 75 are provided. The CR1 AG/AA genotypes were associated with poorer memory performance among older participants, although these exploratory findings should be interpreted with caution due to the limited genetic sample size. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that both education and occupation are associated with higher cognitive performance in older adults. The findings also suggest distinct cognitive effects of CR1 polymorphisms regarding ageing, although these results should be considered hypothesis-generating rather than confirmatory.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148896288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating and interpreting psychometric networks in neuropsychology: A tutorial with conceptual extensions.","authors":"Giorgia Tosi, Daniele Romano","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Network psychometrics has emerged as a promising framework for modelling the structure of neuropsychological data, offering a complementary perspective to traditional latent variable approaches or single test approaches. In neuropsychology, test performance is rarely interpreted in isolation, but rather as reflecting interacting cognitive processes. Network models provide a formal framework to represent these interdependencies by estimating conditional associations among observed variables. The present article provides a comprehensive tutorial on the estimation and interpretation of psychometric networks in neuropsychology. First, we offer a step-by-step guide to estimating a cross-sectional Gaussian Graphical Model (GGM), including data preparation, model selection, regularization, visualization and stability assessment, using a neuropsychological dataset from patients with Alzheimer's disease. Particular emphasis is placed on best practices for ensuring reproducibility and robustness, including the use of bootstrap procedures and reporting standards. Second, we outline key methodological extensions, including Exploratory Graph Analysis for dimensionality assessment, joint graphical models and Network Comparison Test for group comparisons, mixed graphical models for heterogeneous data and longitudinal network approaches. These methods are presented conceptually to illustrate how network analysis can be extended beyond basic cross-sectional applications. Finally, we discuss the strengths and limitations of network psychometrics in neuropsychology. We emphasize that network models represent statistical associations among observed test scores rather than direct representations of cognitive architecture and that their interpretation requires theoretical caution. When applied with methodological rigour and conceptual restraint, network analysis provides a flexible and integrative framework for investigating the structure of cognitive systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148885957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}