Journal of Neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Recovery of visual emotion recognition after mild ischemic stroke","authors":"Karen F. Meeske,&nbsp;Moniek S. E. van Hout,&nbsp;Anneke Smeets,&nbsp;Job van der Palen,&nbsp;Lucille Dorresteijn,&nbsp;Wilma Smith-Spijkerboer,&nbsp;Hanneke Droste,&nbsp;Jacoba M. Spikman","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigated the course of recovery of emotion recognition impairments during the first year after mild stroke. Furthermore, we studied whether long-term emotion recognition impairments are related to behavioural problems and mood problems. Patient recruitment took place at the stroke unit of a general hospital. Fifty-eight mild ischaemic stroke patients underwent neuropsychological assessments of emotion recognition and overall cognition at 6–8 weeks and 1-year post-stroke. At follow-up, questionnaires were administered to identify behavioural problems and mood problems. Emotion recognition scores of patients were compared to scores of 109 healthy controls that were matched according to age, sex and educational level to identify impairments. Baseline patient emotion recognition scores were compared to the patient scores at follow-up to investigate recovery. In this group of mild stroke patients, emotion recognition was impaired compared with healthy controls, with no recovery over time. One year after stroke emotion recognition was impaired in 31% of the mild stroke participants. At 1-year post-stroke, impaired emotion recognition was associated with overall cognitive impairment and self-reported behavioural problems, but not with mood. Even in mild stroke, emotion recognition is on average impaired in the long term and related to behavioural problems. A substantial portion of mild stroke patients have impairments in emotion recognition both in the subacute phase as well as in the long term. Early assessment of emotion recognition is important to identify patients at risk of developing behavioural problems. Appropriate and early treatment might be necessary to prevent persisting problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 1","pages":"54-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A double dissociation between memory span and word processing among neurological patients attests to the functional independence of verbal short-term memory","authors":"Tobias Bormann,&nbsp;Margret Seyboth,&nbsp;Dorothee Kümmerer,&nbsp;Volkmar Glauche,&nbsp;Michel Rijntjes,&nbsp;Cornelius Weiller","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reports of patients with impaired verbal short-term memory are central to the debate of whether there are independent short-term stores or whether immediate repetition is supported by activated long-term memory. Patients with selective impairments of verbal short-term memory support models with independent buffers. However, it has been argued that these patients were too rare to provide reliable data. Second, it has been suggested that these patients might suffer from subtle impairments of word perception, comprehension or production which previous studies had failed to notice. Ten neurological patients were assessed. Nine participants had impaired immediate spans for digits, letters and words whilst having unimpaired word perception, comprehension and production. Another patient exhibited better preserved immediate repetition despite severely impaired word perception, comprehension and production. This double dissociation provides unequivocal evidence for the functional independence of short- and long-term memory. The size of the present group of STM participants, the largest to date, makes it impossible to ignore data from neuropsychological patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 1","pages":"101-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12976828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Category fluency and creative potential in semantic aphasia","authors":"Hannah E. Thompson,&nbsp;Paul T. Sowden,&nbsp;Lucy Cogdell-Brooke,&nbsp;Ines R. Violante,&nbsp;Beth Jefferies","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70019","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Creative cognition involves linking weakly or unrelated concepts, enabled by semantic control (inhibiting dominant associations to retrieve weaker ones) or through spreading activation within the semantic system. Semantic aphasia (SA) patients have impaired semantic control despite relatively preserved semantic representations. To date, no studies have examined creativity in SA. It remains unclear how impaired control affects patients' creative potential, and whether spreading activation alone supports this. Creative potential was assessed across three experiments. Experiments 1 and 2 involved 11 SA patients and 25 controls; Experiment 3 included 13 SA patients and 14 controls. In Experiment 1 (category judgement), participants selected five targets from distractors across 24 categories with differing coherence levels (shared features among members). Experiment 2 (constrained category fluency) involved generating five exemplars per category. Creative potential was measured via uniqueness, flexibility, semantic distance and creativity ratings. Experiment 3 (unconstrained fluency) asked participants to name as many Animals as possible in 1 minute, with additional measures of clustering and switching. Although SA cases were unable to shape retrieval to pre-defined associations (in the category judgement task), they showed creative potential in the constrained fluency task. In the unconstrained fluency task, patients were less able to use strategies. However, with fluency controlled, no group differences in creative potential existed. These findings provide the first neuropsychological evidence that spreading activation, even with impaired semantic control, can support creative responses. Creative potential in SA depends on task demands, aligning with broader findings of patients' sensitivity to context.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 1","pages":"154-174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12976839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased neural responsiveness to distractors irrespective of perceptual load explains attention deficit in post-stroke fatigue","authors":"Annapoorna Kuppuswamy,&nbsp;Anthony Harris,&nbsp;William De Doncker,&nbsp;Adrian Alexander,&nbsp;Nilli Lavie","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is a prevalent symptom associated with attention deficits. However, it is currently unclear what drives these. Here we applied Load Theory of Attention to investigate the role of perceptual load in the relationship between attention, distraction and fatigue levels in PSF. Thirty-two chronic stroke survivors performed a selective attention task of either low, medium or high perceptual load (varied through the number of relevant target features and their combinations). Neural responses to targets and distractor checkerboard flicker (vs. no flicker) were measured with frequency-tagged EEG responses. The results showed that fatigue severity scores were predictive of response slowing, and that this slowing was increased with higher levels of perceptual load. Fatigue severity was also associated with increased neural responsiveness to distractors, specifically: EEG 10 Hz (distractor flickering frequency) power was greater in the presence (vs. absence) of distractor flicker for participants with high (vs. low) fatigue-symptoms scores, across all levels of perceptual load in the later time period of each task trial. Overall, these results clarify the exacerbating effects of perceptual load on fatigue-related slowing, stressing the importance of cognitive, as opposed to purely motoric, deficits. Importantly, they demonstrate that increased fatigue severity involves reduced ability to suppress neural responses to irrelevant distractors, irrespective of perceptual load on attention. An account for attention in PSF based on a specific deficit in distractor suppression that is found irrespective of task demands can explain a myriad of PSF symptoms (e.g. sensory perceptual overload, difficulties to concentrate).</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 1","pages":"22-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12976845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How artificial intelligence is shaping neuropsychology: A focus on cognitive assessment of neurodegenerative disorders","authors":"Michele Scandola,&nbsp;Maria Esposito,&nbsp;Riccardo Guidotti,&nbsp;Daniele Romano","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms are revolutionising the world, and they have the potential to revolutionise neuropsychology as well. A particularly fruitful field for this revolution is the cognitive assessment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Primary Progressive Aphasia. This narrative review explores the impact of ML and AI in classifying these patients by using biomarkers or neuropsychological tests, using vast amounts of data and providing previously unattainable insights. Additionally, the article will evaluate the accuracies of several ML algorithms, such as support vector machines, random forest or convolutional neural networks. The article will also discuss the challenges related to ML like the risk of overfitting and the need for ML algorithms to execute a differential analysis among several pathologies—a capability that current research has yet to achieve fully. Furthermore, it proposes new directions to improve the clinical utility and accuracy of ML classification algorithms in neuropsychology, underlining the possibility for theoretical advancements based on the results of these classifications.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 1","pages":"256-275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12976813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144803027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utility of handwriting analysis and selected neuropsychological tests in the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment in older patients","authors":"Adam Bednorz,&nbsp;Paulina Trybek,&nbsp;Catarina Lundberg,&nbsp;Monika Richter-Laskowska,&nbsp;Laura Kananen,&nbsp;Dorota Religa","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neuropsychological assessment in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) increasingly includes executive functions evaluation to improve diagnostic accuracy. Handwriting analysis, though common in dementia studies, is less explored in MCI. This single-centre study aimed to compare neuropsychological tests and handwriting parameters, assessing their individual diagnostic value. The study included two groups: MCI (<i>n</i> = 46, female/male ratio 41/5, mean age 76.87 ± 5.08) and controls without cognitive impairment (<i>n</i> = 46, ratio 42/4, mean age 75.70 ± 5.97). The assessment included MoCA, MMSE, Comprehensive Trail Making Test (CTMT), verbal fluency test and handwriting analysis using Livescribe Echo Smartpen. Logistic Regression (LR), K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) models were used to identify patients with MCI. Patients with MCI performed worse on neuropsychological tests, generating fewer words in verbal fluency (<i>p</i> &lt; .01) and taking longer on CTMT (<i>p</i> &lt; .01). Neuropsychological tests outperformed handwriting measures in MCI classification (AUC: CTMT = .81, semantic fluency = .76, phonemic fluency = .72). Among the handwriting measures, text height (AUC = .68) showed the best performance, while other kinematic features ranged from .63 to .64. After combining all neuropsychological tests, KNN achieved the best classification of MCI (AUC = .84, ACC = .82, MCC = .63), while handwriting-based models performed worse, with LR reaching the highest AUC (.64), ACC (.62) and MCC (.23). CTMT and verbal fluency tests are useful in diagnosing MCI, while handwriting measures showed limited classification value.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 1","pages":"196-219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145666472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinimetrics: Towards a diagnostic neuropsychology grounded in Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Ciro Rosario Ilardi","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neuropsychology's place in diagnosing dementia is still up for debate. With the advent of disease-modifying therapies, the optimisation of diagnostic pathways is increasingly urgent, particularly in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Yet, biomarker-driven frameworks eclipse neuropsychological testing as an ancillary tool rather than recognising it as a core component of clinical assessment. Emerging evidence indicates that relying solely on biomarkers does not provide a dependable forecast for the onset or progression of dementia. This drawback underscores how important neuropsychology is. Nonetheless, the clinical adoption of neuropsychological tests for diagnostic purposes requires a paradigm shift towards a more rigorous methodology. Despite its recognised diagnostic potential, the current neuropsychological framework is constrained by thresholds derived from normative distributions rather than <i>Clinimetrics</i>. Many existing tests rely on arbitrary cut-offs that do not account for disease prevalence, personological variability, or real-world cognitive performance. This oversimplified approach reduces the sensitivity of neuropsychological assessments and limits their integration into clinical practice. The development of population-specific clinimetric studies that establish weighted cut-offs for sensitivity and specificity based on clinical aims is crucial to ensure clinically meaningful decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 1","pages":"246-255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144833539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-concept and depressive symptoms three years after stroke: An evaluation of predictive value, the role of subdomains and individual importance","authors":"Simon Ladwig,&nbsp;Katja Werheid","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Depressive symptoms (DS) after stroke are associated with marked negative consequences for rehabilitation. Identifying determinants of DS is needed to enable prediction and develop psychological interventions. A promising candidate may be self-concept and changes thereof, so-called self-discrepancy. Consulting recent self-concept models, we investigated the role of self-concept subdomains and their individual importance. Within a prospective longitudinal study, 120 stroke survivors were interviewed via telephone 3 years post-ictus to assess present and past self-concept, self-discrepancy, self-concept subdomains and DS. The association of self-concept measures and DS was investigated using an ANCOVA. Controlling for established determinants (age, sex, history of depression, functional independence, social support), multiple regression analyses were used to examine the independent influence of self-concept measures and the role of subdomains and importance-weightings. Self-discrepancy showed a significant interaction with DS (<i>F</i> (1, 118) = 32.69, <i>p</i> &lt; .001, <i>η</i>² = .22). DS showed a stronger association with present (<i>r</i> = −.72) than with past self-concept (<i>r</i> = −.34) and self-discrepancy (<i>r</i> = −.47; all <i>p</i> &lt; .001). Age, history of depression, social support and present self-concept were independent predictors of DS while functional independence was not (∆<i>F</i> (1, 113) = 48.04, <i>p</i> &lt; .001). Importance-weighting of subdomains did not affect explained variance, though the number of self-concept subdomains showing significant association with DS increased. Findings propose appraisals of self-concept as independent predictors of DS after stroke. Considering individual importance of subdomains reveals their differential influence. The results suggest investigating the use of general self-concept for prediction and considering the individual relevance of subdomains in psychological interventions after stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 1","pages":"37-53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12976834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between sleep quality and cognitive performance in a sample of Colombian adults","authors":"Ernesto Barceló,&nbsp;Franyeli Gomez,&nbsp;Daniel Gonzalez,&nbsp;Duban Romero","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70023","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sleep plays a vital role in cognitive regulation, memory consolidation and brain health. In Colombia, sleep patterns may be influenced by cultural and socioeconomic factors such as co-sleeping, occupational stress and limited healthcare access, which can exacerbate sleep-related disorders like sleep apnoea. This study examined the relationship between objectively measured sleep quality and cognitive performance in Colombian adults with sleep apnoea. We hypothesised that poorer sleep quality, which is characterised by lower efficiency and more apnoea (hypopnoea events), would be associated with poorer memory and executive performance, and that age would intensify this effect. Thirty adults aged 30–59 years underwent overnight polysomnography and a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. A composite sleep quality index was derived through principal component analysis and analysed using gamma regression controlling for age and gender. Results showed that better sleep quality predicted superior performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (<i>β</i> = 4.04, <i>p</i> = .032) and the Wechsler Memory Scale (<i>β</i> = 4.43, <i>p</i> = .032), supporting the primary hypothesis. These findings suggest that disrupted sleep architecture selectively affects neural systems underlying executive control and memory. Integrating sleep assessments into neuropsychological evaluations may enhance diagnosis and guide interventions to improve cognitive resilience in Colombian adults with sleep-related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 1","pages":"220-230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145562025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparisons between two adapted versions of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test in Brazilian adults: Effects of age and education","authors":"Luiza Cury Muller,&nbsp;Maria Joana Mäder-Joaquim,&nbsp;Luciano de Paola,&nbsp;Carlos Eduardo Soares Silvado","doi":"10.1111/jnp.70020","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reassessments with the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) may generate learning effects, compromising the validity of the results. In Brazil, there are still no comparative studies between adapted versions of the test in healthy individuals. This study compared scores obtained on versions A and B of the RAVLT-A, routinely used in the neuropsychological assessment of patients with epilepsy and investigated the effects of age, education and version used. A prospective study with 188 cognitively healthy adults was randomly assigned to two groups (version A or B). Comparative analyses between groups and multivariate linear regression models were conducted to examine the impact of age, education and version on RAVLT-A scores. No significant differences were observed between versions A and B of the RAVLT-A (<i>p</i> &gt; .05). Regression indicated a significant influence of age and, especially, education on performance on the test variables. The version used had no statistically relevant impact on the scores. This is the first Brazilian study to examine two adapted versions of the RAVLT-A in healthy adults. The findings demonstrate comparability between versions A and B, supporting their alternate use in reassessments to reduce practice effects. Age and, especially, education significantly influenced performance, emphasizing the need for normative data stratified by both variables, since those commonly used in Brazil are stratified only by age.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"20 1","pages":"175-185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12976817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145443643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}