Legal and Criminological Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of parental attachment and early maladaptive schemas in juvenile boy offenders in Turkiye; A case–control study","authors":"Serdar Karatoprak,&nbsp;Abdulbaki Akyildiz,&nbsp;Gulsum Ozturk Emiral,&nbsp;Emrah Emiral,&nbsp;Yunus Emre Dönmez","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.70003","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early maladaptive schemas (EMS) and parental attachment may play a role in juvenile offending. Identifying these factors could contribute to both the prevention of juvenile offending and the rehabilitation of juvenile offenders. The current study aimed to evaluate the associations between juvenile offending, EMS and parental attachment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-nine adolescents convicted of various offences, and 73 non-offending adolescents were assessed using a sociodemographic data form, the Young Schema Questionnaire and the Short Form of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Juvenile offenders scored significantly higher in the schema domains of enmeshment/dependence, abandonment, failure, vulnerability to harm, defectiveness and self-sacrifice compared with controls. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups regarding parental attachment. However, a negative correlation was found between parental attachment and early maladaptive schema domains.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings suggest that EMS may play an important role in juvenile offending. Schema-focused therapy and family-based interventions may represent promising approaches for the assessment and prevention of juvenile delinquency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 2","pages":"349-363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144833286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of confidence consistency and delay on perceptions of eyewitness credibility","authors":"Daniella K. Cash,&nbsp;Megan H. Papesh,&nbsp;Tiffany D. Russell,&nbsp;Alan T. Harrison","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12316","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12316","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Abundant research has explored the conditions under which eyewitnesses are likely to identify guilty versus innocent suspects. Research suggests there is a relationship between witness confidence and accuracy, such that confident witnesses tend to be accurate, and this relationship can persist even across delays between witnessed events and identification procedures. Emerging research suggests that witnesses' metacognitive evaluations made prior to identification procedures are also diagnostic of accuracy. These findings about eyewitness memory are valuable, but it is unclear how these factors are evaluated when assessing witness confidence and accuracy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two studies using a mock-officer paradigm examined how perceptions of witness confidence and accuracy are affected by variations in confidence both before and after identifications (Experiments 1 and 2), and the delay between the crime and the identification (Experiment 2).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results and Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although high confidence at either time increased perceived confidence and accuracy, longer delays between the event and identification procedure lowered ratings of perceived confidence and accuracy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 2","pages":"335-348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and future directions in studying sequencing as a debiasing strategy in forensic psychological assessment: A commentary on Kukucka and Quigley-McBride (2025)","authors":"Verena Oberlader,&nbsp;Bruno Verschuere","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12314","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12314","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In 1979, Kahneman and Tversky showed that human information processing is subject to bias. They identified a number of factors, such as the order in which information is presented, that systematically lead people to make decisions that are not rational. In 2020, an international group of researchers tested &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 4099 participants from 19 countries and 13 languages and found that 94% of Kahneman and Tversky's (&lt;span&gt;1979&lt;/span&gt;) findings were replicated (Ruggeri et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). This makes the evidence for human susceptibility to bias one of the most replicated findings in psychology, and one in urgent need of remedy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Intuitively, the most effective way to avoid being biased by certain information is to not have that information. This technique is called masking (or blinding) and inspired the debiasing approach &lt;i&gt;Linear Sequencing Unmasking-Expanded&lt;/i&gt; (LSU-E, Dror &amp; Kukucka, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). The LSU-E approach is based on empirically verified principles and has been applied to several forensic sciences, including the detection of deep-fake images (Casu et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) or the identification of victims (Dahal et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Against this background, LSU-E is a promising approach for reducing bias in forensic psychological assessments. In an initial study, we tested whether a core factor, that is the sequencing of case information, was effective in reducing bias in criminal risk assessment as an exemplary area of forensic psychological assessment (Oberlader &amp; Verschuere, &lt;span&gt;2024a&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In their commentary on our article ‘Bias is persistent: Sequencing case information does not protect against contextual bias in criminal risk assessment’ (Oberlader &amp; Verschuere, &lt;span&gt;2024a&lt;/span&gt;), Kukucka and Quigley-McBride (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;) critically assessed the validity of our study. The authors warned that our results and interpretations may give an overly pessimistic picture of the effectiveness of the debiasing approach LSU-E (Dror &amp; Kukucka, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Here, we first address what we consider to be their main criticisms of our study and then suggest future avenues for investigating the effectiveness of this promising debiasing method.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a preregistered experimental study with 308 informed lay participants, we investigated whether the presentation of irrelevant case information biases criminal risk assessment based on an actuarial-empirical risk assessment tool. We supposed that participants' criminal risk assessment in a fictitious case would be closer to the result of an actuarial-empirical risk assessment tool, and thus less biased, if they were given only relevant case information than if they were additionally given irrelevant case information. Case information was defined as relevant if it was necessary for the application of the actuarial-empirical risk assessment tool, and as irrelevant if it was not.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Critically, we also tested whether this bias c","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 2","pages":"188-192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.12314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144833349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The self-administered interview does not impair identification but distorts its confidence","authors":"Hiroshi Miura,&nbsp;Kayo Matsuo","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12311","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12311","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The self-administered interview© (SAI©) is a tool used to effectively collect eyewitness information. It has been shown that conducting the SAI immediately after a witnessed event facilitates later recall. However, the effects of the SAI on subsequent identification remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether the SAI affects subsequent identification when a lineup is involved.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After 164 undergraduate participants watched a mock crime video, those in the SAI condition described the recalled objects and aspects of the video using the SAI. Meanwhile, in the control condition, participants did not describe the recalled objects or aspects but wrote about what they had learned in regular psychology classes. Afterwards, the participants made identifications and answered a few questions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results showed that conducting the SAI did not alter the subsequent identification rates in the lineup, but the metacognition for description—participants' thoughts on how the description task affected identification—was more positive in the SAI condition than in the control condition. Moreover, when participants made a false identification in the target-present lineup, their confidence in the SAI condition was greater than that in the control condition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results suggest that the SAI can be used for witnesses with the potential to make identifications later because it does not interrupt identification itself. However, the confidence levels in identifications made by eyewitnesses answering questions in the SAI should be carefully assessed. This is because the SAI may distort the metacognition for description and increase false confidence levels in the identifications made by eyewitnesses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 2","pages":"326-334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternative “truths” of repressed memories: Views of judges of the Israeli supreme court","authors":"Israel Nachson","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12275","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12275","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Memory of childhood sexual abuse: Forgotten and recovered</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three cases of allegations of childhood sexual abuse committed by fathers on their daughters have been brought to the attention of the Israeli Supreme Court. The prosecution was based on recovered memories of traumatic experiences that had been completely forgotten by the plaintiffs for many years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Amnesia accounted for in terms of repression</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The expert witness for the prosecution accounted for the long amnesia in terms of unconscious repression of the traumatic memories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <h3> Recovered memory: Veridical or false?</h3> \u0000 <p>The repression hypothesis has encountered severe theoretical and methodological criticisms which have cast doubt on the very existence of this mechanism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Proposal for a solution of the dilemma</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This controversy, which has far-reaching legal implications, may be reconciled by adopting the notion of multiple “truths”, and by accepting recovered memory allegations only when corroborated by external evidence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 S1","pages":"76-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.12275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two hits or two misses? A critical comment on a combined psychological and biological origin of dissociative amnesia and repressed memory","authors":"Henry Otgaar,&nbsp;Mark L. Howe,&nbsp;Lawrence Patihis,&nbsp;Ivan Mangiulli,&nbsp;Olivier Dodier,&nbsp;Rafaële Huntjens,&nbsp;Elisa Krackow,&nbsp;Marko Jelicic,&nbsp;Steven Jay Lynn","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.4_12272","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.4_12272","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Convertino et al. (<span>2025</span>) and Nachson (<span>2025</span>) both stated that biological substrates can be correlated to behaviour. Additionally, Convertino et al. noted that correlation does not imply causation. This issue concerning causation is imperative. Neuroscientific research cannot conclude whether detected neurological substrates have a causal link with dissociative amnesia/repressed memory (e.g. Taïb et al., <span>2023</span>).</p><p>Nonetheless, Markowitsch and Staniloiu (<span>2025</span>) claimed that organic brain damage is not in opposition to dissociative amnesia. They proposed the two-hit hypothesis referring to ‘an additive or synergistic interaction between psychological and physical incidents’ (Staniloiu &amp; Markowitsch, <span>2014</span>, p. 231) to explain certain dissociative amnesia cases. According to them, ‘physical incidents provide psychological or biological grounds for the development and maintenance of dissociative amnesia’ (Staniloiu &amp; Markowitsch, <span>2014</span>, p. 232). By this view, being hit on the head during a robbery (biological cause) could lead to psychological trauma and combined produce dissociative amnesia.</p><p>We are sceptical that the two-hit hypothesis is a sound hypothesis. First, this hypothesis means that whatever the antecedent (physical, psychological), traumatic memory loss can almost always be labelled dissociative amnesia. This renders the concept of dissociative amnesia/repressed memory overgeneral and unfalsifiable. Second, the two-hit hypothesis does not delineate under which conditions such interactions can occur nor what mechanism is involved. Thus, it is not a hypothesis but merely a description of factors potentially underlying traumatic memory loss (Roberts et al., <span>2013</span>). Proposing that two hits cause traumatic memory loss, while there is no causation, is a miss in this field.</p><p><b>Henry Otgaar:</b> Conceptualization; formal analysis; methodology; project administration; visualization; writing – original draft; writing – review and editing. <b>Mark L. Howe:</b> Writing – original draft; writing – review and editing. <b>Lawrence Patihis:</b> Writing – original draft; writing – review and editing. <b>Ivan Mangiulli:</b> Formal analysis; writing – original draft; writing – review and editing. <b>Olivier Dodier:</b> Writing – review and editing. <b>Rafaële Huntjens:</b> Formal analysis; writing – review and editing. <b>Elisa Krackow:</b> Formal analysis; writing – review and editing. <b>Marko Jelicic:</b> Writing – review and editing. <b>Steven Jay Lynn:</b> Writing – review and editing.</p>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 S1","pages":"52-53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.4_12272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on British False Memory Society cases, middle ground, and inferring internal mental processes","authors":"Lawrence Patihis,&nbsp;Kevin Felstead","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.3_12274","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.3_12274","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Nachson's commentary (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;) reveals that although Israel has some differences in dealing with recovered memory cases, there are some similar concerns. On the one hand, Israel deals with such cases with professional judges, and not juries as is usually done in the UK. Nachson notes that these professional judges can be affected by the emotional testimony of the accusers, as opposed to the less emotional accused. This may be a similar dynamic in the UK, but just with jurors. Nachson also relays the fascinating example from an Isreali court case in which an expert witness for the prosecution elevated the memory evidence to such a degree that it trumped other considerations. As we reflect on our data in light of Nachson's comments, it occurs to us that we should point out that out of the total 2364 cases shown in our Table 1 (Patihis &amp; Felstead, &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;) only 227 were found guilty in a court of law, which is 10% of cases. In other words, the legal system may work well in most cases, though the number found guilty out of those in which police pursue a case was 27%. We appreciate Nachson's (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;) concurrence on objective truth in cases, which clarifies his meaning Nachson (&lt;span&gt;2025-a&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Krackow et al.'s (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;) commentary mentions that to reduce wrongful convictions as false memory stories go out of fashion in the media, that regular reminders of the problem be communicated to the public. This is a good idea that could be extended to legal professionals as well. Their second suggestion of false memory societies recording eating disorders, self-harm, and therapy use, are excellent and insightful of the qualitative pattern we have seen in the cases in the caseload files. Almost all cases involved therapy, though we did not quantify that in our data. Krackow et al.'s final suggestion is perhaps the unarticulated conclusion of our data: that practitioners should avoid using memory recovery or enhancement techniques.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To round out our commentaries, we return to a central point we made in the discussion of Patihis and Felstead (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;). The idea of a middle ground can be useful in the sense that a group of well trained scientists might hash out questions of prevalence of a problem in society, size of effects, point out each other's confirmation biases, and so on. Nevertheless, the idea of a middle ground can be a little relativistic about whether there is an objective truth to approximate to.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this regards, we think those promoting dissociative amnesia as a mental process are not being scientific, and that is as true as Freud in the 1890s, or an esteemed psychiatrist today at an elite university. A solid approach to science involves great caution in assuming invisible internal mental processes that are a step too far beyond a measurable behavior. The behaviorists were fruitful in scientific discovery, and the cognitive psychologists subsequently were admirably cautio","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 S1","pages":"74-75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.3_12274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on Otgaar et al. ‘The neuroscience of dissociative amnesia and repressed memory: Premature conclusions and unanswered questions’","authors":"Israel Nachson","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.3_12272","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.3_12272","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Like Markowitsch and Staniloiu (this issue), Otgaar et al. do not directly deal with issues associated with the concept of recovered memories. Their paper consists of a critical review of neuroimaging studies on dissociative amnesia, or memory repression. A finding of positive correlations between symptoms of dissociative amnesia and specific electrophysiological processes in the brain might have suggested a biological substrate for repression, which is a key concept in debate regarding the validity of recovered memories.</p><p>However, analysis of the data reviewed by the authors shows that the correlations between the functions of given brain areas and dissociative amnesia are both, weak and inconsistent. Furthermore, they are conceivable in terms of malingering, intentional suppression, metamemory beliefs, organic amnesia, and the like—without invoking the concept of repression. Many studies also suffer from methodological shortcomings, including misdiagnosis of dissociative amnesia. The authors therefore conclude that ‘conceptual and methodological issues strongly limit the interpretation of neuroscientific investigations of dissociative amnesia and repressed memory… [they] tell us little about whether traumatic memories can be unconsciously blocked… [and therefore] none of the proposed biomarkers are sufficiently reliable for diagnosis in clinics or legal arenas’. Consequently, they suggest that the term ‘dissociative amnesia’ be replaced by ‘amnesia of uncertain etiology’.</p><p>Since biological correlates of dissociative amnesia are discussed in two papers, the present one and the one written by Markowitsch and Staniloiu, it seems desirable to compare the two. Clearly, they lead to opposite views concerning the validity of the concept of repression. Since the two reviews are based on differential data bases, they do not factually contradict each other. Nonetheless, the implications of their reviews are contradictory in the sense that according to Markowitsch and Staniloiu the psychological concepts of repression and recovery of traumatic memories have a solid biological underpinning, whereas according to Otgaar et al. no biological foundation for these concepts has been found. Thus, Markowitsch and Staniloiu, but not Otgaar et al., consider repression biologically feasible.</p><p>Taken together, it is quite possible, of course, that some biological processes (such as those reviewed by the former) are correlated with specific behavioural manifestations, while others (such as those reviewed by the latter) are not. However, this concluding remark sounds more like a mediation between the two groups of reviewers, rather than between those arguing for or against the ‘recovered memory hypothesis’.</p>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 S1","pages":"51-52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.3_12272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on G. Mazzoni et al. ‘Taking the middle stance in the debate on the nature of traumatic memories’","authors":"Hans J. Markowitsch,&nbsp;Angelica Staniloiu","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.2_12273","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.2_12273","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 S1","pages":"105-107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The weight of evidence regarding the nature of traumatic memories: A comment on Mazzoni et al.","authors":"Ivan Mangiulli,&nbsp;Marko Jelicic,&nbsp;Mark L. Howe,&nbsp;Lawrence Patihis,&nbsp;Olivier Dodier,&nbsp;Rafaële Huntjens,&nbsp;Elisa Krackow,&nbsp;Steven Jay Lynn,&nbsp;Henry Otgaar","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.1_12273","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.1_12273","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The ongoing debate about the nature of traumatic memories has engaged numerous scholars, each providing evidence either for or against special properties that distinguish such memories from other emotional memories. Mazzoni et al. (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;) offered a balanced and comprehensive perspective concerning the topic of traumatic memories. On the one hand, they pointed out that numerous clinical observations, and supposedly the results of some neurobiological studies, have shown that traumatic memories often lack verbal content and are accompanied by intense bodily sensations, making them special in this regard (Brewin, &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Solms, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Van der Kolk, &lt;span&gt;1998&lt;/span&gt;). These observations have led to interpretations of these findings as representing dissociative amnesia or repressed memories. On the other hand, researchers (McNally, &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;; Merckelbach &amp; Patihis, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;) have contended that scientific data do not consistently support the special nature of traumatic memories or the frequent occurrence of amnesia for a given event (Mangiulli et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; McNally, &lt;span&gt;2003&lt;/span&gt;; Otgaar et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). Instead, the lack of clear evidence supporting dissociation from (or repression of) traumatic memories contrasts with substantial data suggesting that negative and stressful experiences enhance, rather than impair, memory (Shields et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). Even if differences in characteristics exist between traumatic and non-traumatic memories, it does not necessarily implicate dissociation or repression as a cause or consequence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Overall, there is much to appreciate in Mazzoni et al. (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;). Their paper took a middle ground in the debate, considering evidence from opposing perspectives, and assessing merits and flaws in relation to both sides. Yet even with this open-minded approach, it is crucial to stress that not all evidence carries equal weight. For instance, a primary source of evidence for which traumatic memories are deemed so special is derived from neuro-related data. This body of research substantiates that traumatic memories may possess specific neurobiological and neuropsychological underpinnings, suggesting qualitative distinctions in the encoding, consolidation and retrieval processes compared with other memories (e.g. ordinary experiences), thereby entailing special mechanisms distinct from general memory function (but see Rubin et al., &lt;span&gt;2008&lt;/span&gt;). As Mazzoni et al. (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;) rightly observed—which we expand here—a common mistake in this context involves inferring the involvement of a specific cognitive process, such as memory loss for traumatic events, from the activation of a particular area in the brain. This form of reverse inference, however, lacks deductive validity, embodying the logical fallacy of affirming the consequent. In cognitive neuroscience, it is well established that the presence of specific","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 S1","pages":"103-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.1_12273","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}