Legal and Criminological Psychology最新文献

{"title":"An analysis of COVID-19's impact on the emergence of bicycle theft in Japan using Gaussian process regression","authors":"Takemi Mori","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The state of emergency imposed in Tokyo due to COVID-19 led to shifts in urban mobility, potentially altering opportunities for bicycle theft.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We hypothesized that bicycle theft would decrease during the emergency period and applied Gaussian process regression (GPR) to 34 monthly data points to test this assumption. To address these difficulties, we modeled time-series data on reported bicycle thefts using GPR. We trained a GPR model on data from January 2018 to March 2020 and then applied the trained model to predict theft counts after the state of emergency began in April 2020. The hypothesis was tested by comparing predicted values with actual observed cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results supported the hypothesis. This finding can be explained through routine activity theory, with further analysis showing variation by location. Reductions were greater in single-family homes than in apartments and in bicycle parking lots compared with roads. These results highlight how changes in routine activities, particularly reduced mobility and enhanced protection in certain settings, can shape crime opportunities. The study also demonstrates the value of GPR in analyzing crime trends.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"31 2","pages":"485-499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the cognitive processes underlying the verbal overshadowing effect: Culprit descriptions reduce culprit-presence detection and guessing-based selection in eyewitness responses to lineups","authors":"Amelie Therre,&nbsp;Raoul Bell,&nbsp;Nicola Marie Menne,&nbsp;Carolin Mayer,&nbsp;Ulla Lichtenhagen,&nbsp;Axel Buchner","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Culprit descriptions by eyewitnesses and eyewitness responses to lineups are essential for criminal investigations—the former to locate possible suspects and the latter to provide information relevant to determining guilt or innocence. However, describing a culprit before responding to a lineup can reduce culprit identification rates, a phenomenon known as the verbal overshadowing effect. The well-validated two-high threshold (2-HT) eyewitness identification model was applied to investigate how providing culprit descriptions affects the cognitive processes underlying the observable lineup responses and, thus, to determine which changes in cognitive processes underlie the verbal overshadowing effect.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants watched a staged-crime video with four culprits. Subsequently, participants either described or did not describe the culprits before responding to four lineups. Two of the lineups were culprit-present lineups; two were culprit-absent lineups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to the no-culprit-description condition, providing culprit descriptions reduced both the probability of culprit-presence detection and the probability of guessing-based selection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings demonstrate that the verbal overshadowing effect is driven by changes in two distinct underlying processes: Describing a culprit interferes with face recognition and makes eyewitnesses more reluctant to select someone from the lineup based on guessing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"31 2","pages":"301-315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unchained voices: Exploring incarcerated women's pathways to restorative justice","authors":"Inbal Peleg-Koriat,&nbsp;Dana Weimann-Saks","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Restorative justice (RJ) is an approach to justice that focuses on repairing the harm caused by criminal offences through dialogue, accountability and reparation. Despite its growing recognition, the implementation of RJ programmes within prison settings remains limited, particularly in women's prisons. This study aims to explore incarcerated women's attitudes toward RJ and to identify perceived facilitators and barriers to participation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This qualitative study draws on semi-structured interviews with 17 adult incarcerated women in Israel. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis to identify key themes related to participants' perceptions of RJ.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thematic analysis revealed four primary facilitators: desire for forgiveness; hope to rebuild family relationships; reciprocity—the correctional client as also a victim; and a need to be heard and acknowledged. Conversely, three major barriers were identified: deep shame; fear of further media exposure; and disbelief in the victims' willingness to forgive.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings offer critical insights into the gendered experiences of incarcerated women and underscore the importance of integrating gender-sensitive considerations into RJ theory and practice. Beyond theoretical implications, the study highlights practical avenues for designing prison-based RJ programmes that are more inclusive and responsive to women's needs, and ultimately more effective in supporting rehabilitation and reintegration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"31 2","pages":"333-347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of interrogation techniques and personality traits of citizen judges in Japan","authors":"Taeko Wachi","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined public perceptions of diverse police interrogation techniques, complimenting the existing research focused on accusatorial methods. It further investigated the influence of individual characteristics on the acceptance of these techniques.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An online questionnaire was administered to the 1204 jury-eligible citizens and their responses were analysed to identify the factors of interrogation techniques. Further, the influence of personality traits (i.e. empathy and belief in a just world) on their perceptions was examined through regression analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The five approaches were derived from exploratory factor analysis: Collaborative/Respectful, Persuasive, Confrontational, Personal Rapport and Evidence Presentation. The Confrontational Approach was rated as the least appropriate, consistent with prior findings. Conversely, the Collaborative/Respectful Approach was deemed the most appropriate. The Personal Rapport Approach was rated the second least appropriate, suggesting that the public favours ethical cooperation over personal connections. Regression analyses showed that Empathic Concern was the only trait significantly related to all five approaches; it positively predicted acceptance of four non-confrontational approaches but negatively predicted acceptance of the Confrontational Approach. Notably, a belief in a just world only positively predicted acceptance of the Confrontational Approach. Participants' experience as suspects or witnesses had negligible associations with the perception of interrogation techniques.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings highlight a nuanced public judgement of relational interviewing approaches and confirm that punitive personalities are uniquely associated with accepting aggressive techniques. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding public perceptions to ensure the fairness and admissibility of confession evidence in the citizen judge system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"31 2","pages":"551-565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective faking of verbal deception detection with target-aligned adversarial attacks","authors":"Bennett Kleinberg,&nbsp;Riccardo Loconte,&nbsp;Bruno Verschuere","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Deception detection through analysing language is a promising avenue using both human judgements and automated machine learning judgements. For both forms of credibility assessment, automated adversarial attacks that rewrite deceptive statements to appear truthful pose a serious threat.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used a dataset of 243 truthful and 262 fabricated autobiographical stories in a deception detection task for humans and machine learning models. A large language model was tasked to rewrite deceptive statements so that they appear truthful. In Study 1, humans who made a deception judgement or used the detailedness heuristic and two machine learning models (a fine-tuned language model and a simple n-gram model) judged original or adversarial modifications of deceptive statements. In Study 2, we manipulated the target alignment of the modifications, that is, tailoring the attack to whether the statements would be assessed by humans or computer models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When adversarial modifications were aligned with their target, human (<i>d</i> = −0.07 and <i>d</i> = −0.04) and machine judgements (51% accuracy) dropped to the chance level. When the attack was not aligned with the target, both human heuristic judgements (<i>d</i> = 0.30 and <i>d</i> = 0.36) and machine learning predictions (63%–78%) were significantly better than chance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Easily accessible language models can effectively help anyone fake deception detection efforts both by humans and machine learning models. Robustness against adversarial modifications for humans and machines depends on that target alignment. We close with suggestions on advancing deception research with adversarial attack designs and techniques.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"31 2","pages":"249-272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From childhood trauma to malicious creativity: The parallel mediation of impulsivity and callous-unemotional traits in male juvenile offenders","authors":"Zheng Zhang,&nbsp;Runjia Zhang,&nbsp;Yijie Wang,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Wang","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Malicious creativity, creativity employed to intentionally harm others, is a disturbing yet understudied form of antisocial behaviour, particularly among male juvenile offenders. This study examined whether impulsivity and callous-unemotional traits mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and malicious creativity in this high-risk population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 475 male juvenile offenders incarcerated in a Chinese correctional facility completed validated self-report measures assessing childhood trauma (CTS), impulsivity (BIS-8), callous-unemotional traits (ICU-24) and malicious creativity (MCBS). Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test direct and indirect effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Childhood trauma was positively associated with impulsivity (<i>β</i> = 0.818, <i>p</i> &lt; .001) and callous-unemotional traits (<i>β</i> = 0.699, <i>p</i> &lt; .001). Interestingly, a direct negative effect was found between childhood trauma and malicious creativity (<i>β</i> = −0.319, <i>p</i> = .016). However, significant positive indirect effects emerged via impulsivity (<i>β</i> = 0.358, <i>p</i> = .003) and callous-unemotional traits (<i>β</i> = 0.285, <i>p</i> = .023), indicating a suppression effect. Both mediators were positively related to malicious creativity. The overall model accounted for 10.7% of the variance in malicious creativity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although childhood trauma may appear to inhibit malicious creativity directly, its influence through increased impulsivity and emotional detachment ultimately promotes harmful creative behaviours. These findings underscore the importance of early psychological interventions targeting emotion regulation and empathy development in justice-involved youth exposed to early adversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"31 2","pages":"411-425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of a practitioner-designed science-based interviewing and interrogation course: A collaborative training and research effort","authors":"Melissa B. Russano,&nbsp;Christian A. Meissner,&nbsp;Matthew S. Jones,&nbsp;Jesse N. Rothweiler,&nbsp;Paul J. Taylor,&nbsp;Christian Cory,&nbsp;Susan E. Brandon","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Shifting interrogation approaches in the United States from accusatorial practices to science-based methods has been a challenge. The High-Value Detainee Interrogation Group (HIG) research programme has taken a translational approach to evaluating the efficacy and effectiveness of interview and interrogation approaches and to creating training interventions for law enforcement, military, and intelligence personnel. In 2014, the HIG developed and validated a week-long training programme on science-based methods of interviewing and interrogation. Although that HIG-delivered training has been demonstrably successful, it has been impractical for HIG personnel to provide training to law enforcement investigators across the United States. The focus of the current effort was to evaluate a practitioner-designed science-based training programme that was co-developed by a practitioner–researcher team.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-three investigators from three local law enforcement agencies participated in one of four training iterations of a 5-day training course. To assess both training adherence and effectiveness, suspect interrogations conducted before and after training were evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings suggest that investigators increased their use of science-based tactics post-training, and that the use of such techniques was associated with greater cooperation, information disclosure, and admissions/confessions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The importance of co-produced training and collaborative research efforts is highlighted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"31 2","pages":"273-300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting suggestive questioning from cognitions and emotions about child sexual abuse across three study paradigms","authors":"Elsa Gewehr,&nbsp;Marie Merschhemke,&nbsp;Simone Pülschen,&nbsp;Dietrich Pülschen,&nbsp;Renate Volbert","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although interviews are individual in nature, and suggestiveness is a major pitfall when questioning children, individual differences in interviewer bias and suggestiveness remain understudied. We assessed relationships between Cognitions and Emotions about Child Sexual Abuse (CECSA) with suggestive questioning and bias across three mock case studies and a meta-analytical integration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In all studies, participants filled in the scales of the CECSA questionnaire (Naive Confidence, Emotional Reactivity and Justice System Distrust) and read mock cases about children displaying unspecific behavioural symptoms, potentially triggering sexual abuse suspicions. In Study 1, 285 human sciences students further read interview transcripts and selected questions suitable to pose to the children. In Study 2, 241 police students read interview transcripts and freely formulated questions to pose to the children. In Study 3, 148 teaching students interviewed virtual children using natural language in a virtual reality simulation. Participants in Studies 1 and 2 additionally rated the abuse likelihood for the children with unspecific symptoms, whereby high ratings indicated biased mindsets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Across three studies and their meta-analytical integration, we found substantial evidence that higher Naive Confidence and Emotional Reactivity but not Justice System Distrust scores significantly relate to stronger bias and suggestive questioning (<i>b</i> = .14–.37). The newly developed measures to assess suggestive questioning validly captured a unidimensional trait of suggestive questioning but showed unsatisfying reliability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings enhance our understanding of individual differences in suggestive questioning and bias and can inform the development, customisation and evaluation of interviewer training programs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"31 2","pages":"566-594"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Judicial reliance on CBCA criteria and their predictive relevance in verdict outcomes: A quantitative analysis of South Korean court rulings","authors":"Heejung Park","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to examine how Criteria-Based Content Analysis (CBCA) criteria are referenced in South Korean court decisions involving sexual abuse cases with victims under the age of 13 or victims with cognitive disabilities and whether specific criteria predict verdict outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 264 rulings (273 coded cases) issued between 2012 and 2024 were analysed. 19 CBCA criteria and verdict outcomes (guilty vs. acquittal) were coded. Associations were tested using chi-square or Fisher's exact tests, and predictive validity was examined using binary logistic regression and random forest models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Quantity of details (CBCA03) and subjective mental state (CBCA12) were the most consistent predictors across analytical methods, remaining significant in logistic regression and ranking highest importance in the random forest model. Logical consistency (CBCA01), although one of the most frequently cited criteria in judicial reasoning, did not predict verdicts in logistic regression but contributed substantially to classification accuracy in the random forest model, therefore suggesting potential nonlinear or interactive effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings highlight that courts rely most heavily on the quantity of details and subjective mental state when evaluating credibility and that these criteria, which are most predictive of verdicts, align with those demonstrating strong empirical validity in prior research. Logical consistency, although frequently referenced, functioned as a baseline cue—showing limited linear discriminative value while still contributing meaningful predictive information in nonlinear models. Future research should examine CBCA's application across vulnerable populations and refine interview practices to elicit detailed, uncontaminated testimony.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"31 2","pages":"442-458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chinese judicial personnel's attitudes toward courtroom injustice: The interplay of gender and professional role","authors":"Wei Wang,&nbsp;Ivan Y. Sun,&nbsp;Yuning Wu,&nbsp;Yao Ding","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The past decades have witnessed growing concerns regarding the interaction between judicial officials and parties to the proceedings in China. Despite these observed dynamics, limited research has documented judicial personnel's perceptions of courtroom injustice towards parties to the proceedings. Similarly, little is known about court-supporting staff's occupational attitudes and behaviour. This study addresses these knowledge gaps by exploring how courtroom personnel's key background characteristics and perceived internal and external work environments relate to their occupational outlooks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using survey data collected from 485 judges and 258 judge assistants in a coastal province in China, ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was employed to examine the relationships between court personnel's gender, professional role, institutional justice, and user and media influences, and their perceptions regarding courtroom injustice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Regression analyses reveal gender differences among judicial personnel, with females reporting lower levels of courtroom injustice than males. Compared to judge assistants, judges tend to report lower levels of courtroom injustice. In addition, the perception of supervisor justice is negatively associated with perceived courtroom injustice, whereas pressure from parties to the proceedings is positively linked to higher levels of perceived courtroom injustice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gender disparities in courtroom injustice indicate a need for fairer environments. Reforms should include targeted training, stricter discipline, procedural transparency, and professional development to reduce bias and enhance judicial professionalism, supporting China's judicial reforms for greater transparency and public trust.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"31 2","pages":"500-519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}