Algae K. Y. Au, Jacky C. K. Ng, Sylvia Xiaohua Chen
{"title":"Exploring the associations of generalized trust, climate change conspiracy beliefs and freecycling: Empirical evidence from 34 cultures","authors":"Algae K. Y. Au, Jacky C. K. Ng, Sylvia Xiaohua Chen","doi":"10.1111/bjop.70058","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examined the relationships between generalized trust, climate change conspiracy beliefs and freecycling – a community-based free-item sharing pro-environmental behaviour. It also explored the role of societal factors in relation to participation in freecycling, as well as how they are associated with these relationships. Using a panel method, we conducted an online survey with 16,773 participants, stratified by age, gender and region across 34 countries/societies. Key findings indicate that generalized trust and, unexpectedly, climate change conspiracy beliefs are positively associated with freecycling participation. Our exploratory results show that freecycling is more prevalent in developing societies, characterized by stronger beliefs in reward for application and religiosity, a lesser emphasis on uncertainty avoidance and a preference for short-term over long-term orientation. Cross-level moderation analysis indicates that generalized trust is more strongly linked to freecycling in developing societies; its association with freecycle giving is also stronger in cultures with lower reward for application. Climate change conspiracy beliefs are more strongly linked to freecycling in societies with lower uncertainty avoidance. By addressing gaps in the existing literature, particularly the need for cross-cultural comparisons, our research offers valuable insights into the construct of freecycling. As we navigate the complexities of hyperconsumerism and climate change conspiracy beliefs, scepticism towards mainstream narratives may sometimes be associated with individuals seeking alternative, grassroots solutions. Promoting freecycling could encourage sustainability, strengthening community connections and empowering individuals to take direct action in response to their doubts, potentially contributing to a more resilient and environmentally aware society.</p>","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"117 S1","pages":"S201-S223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjop.70058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146040454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mikey Biddlestone, Ricky Green, Daniel Toribio-Flórez, Dylan de Gourville, Robbie M. Sutton, Karen M. Douglas
{"title":"Fighting fire with fire: Prebunking with the use of a plausible meta-conspiracy framing","authors":"Mikey Biddlestone, Ricky Green, Daniel Toribio-Flórez, Dylan de Gourville, Robbie M. Sutton, Karen M. Douglas","doi":"10.1111/bjop.70023","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prebunking can be used to pre-emptively refute conspiracy narratives. We developed a new approach to prebunking – <i>fighting fire with fire</i> – which introduces a plausible ‘meta-conspiracy’ suggesting that conspiracy theories are deliberately spread as part of a wider conspiracy. In two preregistered intervention studies, prebunking specific COVID-19 vaccine (Study 1, <i>N</i> = 720) and climate change (Study 2, <i>N</i> = 1077) conspiracy theories (e.g. that climate change is a hoax), with or without this meta-conspiracy framing, did not reduce beliefs in these specific conspiracy theories. However, some notable findings emerged. First, both <i>fighting fire with fire</i> and standard prebunking (Study 2) increased belief in plausible meta-conspiracies that questioned the original specific conspiracy theories. Second, across both studies, specific conspiracy beliefs negatively predicted behavioural intentions, while beliefs in meta-conspiracies positively predicted them. Third, specific conspiracy beliefs were negatively related to belief in plausible meta-conspiracies in both intervention studies (cf: Pilot Study). While this approach did not reduce specific conspiracy beliefs, it increased beliefs that were negatively associated with them and which were positively linked to behavioural intentions. We discuss these null effects and their implications for effective prebunking among conspiracy believers.</p>","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"117 S1","pages":"S113-S136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjop.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hannah Timna Logemann, Jacob B. Rode, Rakoen Maertens, Sander van der Linden
{"title":"The gateway (mis)belief model: How misinformation impacts perceptions of scientific consensus and attitudes towards climate change","authors":"Hannah Timna Logemann, Jacob B. Rode, Rakoen Maertens, Sander van der Linden","doi":"10.1111/bjop.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change is one of the greatest threats to humanity, necessitating immediate action to combat its consequences. Although there is a nearly unanimous scientific consensus that climate change is human-caused, misinformation doubting its causes continues to circulate widely. In this study, we test the Gateway (mis)Belief Model (GmBM) which assumes that misinformation affects perceived scientific consensus negatively, which then cascades down to lower support for public action to mitigate climate change via changes in key beliefs about the issue. We present a reanalysis of data from two online studies in which U.S. participants (<i>N</i><sub>1</sub> = 207, <i>N</i><sub>2</sub> = 755) were exposed to misinformation using a pre-post mixed design manipulating assessments of the scientific consensus on climate change. Results showed that misinformation indeed leads to lower estimations of scientific consensus, which cascade down to lower support for public action via corresponding beliefs. However, the pattern of significance of direct effects did not exactly replicate those in the original GBM, though misinformation still had negative direct (Experiments 1–2) and indirect effects (Experiment 2) on several downstream climate outcomes. These findings are further affirmed by an internal meta-analysis. Overall, this study highlights the negative impact of misinformation on climate attitudes and policy support.</p>","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"117 S1","pages":"S137-S156"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjop.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dylan de Gourville, Karen M. Douglas, Robbie M. Sutton
{"title":"Denialist vs. warmist climate change conspiracy beliefs: Ideological roots, psychological correlates and environmental implications","authors":"Dylan de Gourville, Karen M. Douglas, Robbie M. Sutton","doi":"10.1111/bjop.70035","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the current research, we use network analysis to examine the structure, ideological foundations and correlates of climate change conspiracy theories, distinguishing between <i>denialist</i> and <i>warmist</i> beliefs. Denialist beliefs, typically endorsed on the political right, claim that climate change is exaggerated, whereas warmist beliefs, more prevalent on the left, allege the suppression of climate science and the downplaying of climate change. Across four studies, these beliefs showed a weak and unstable positive correlation but were reliably connected via indirect associations with general conspiracy beliefs and negatively through opposing relationships with denial of anthropogenic climate change (ACC) and conservatism. General conspiracy beliefs and denial of ACC were not directly connected but were instead related indirectly through climate-specific conspiracy beliefs: positively via denialist and negatively via warmist. We found no evidence across studies for an association between climate change conspiracy beliefs and indices of non-rational thinking. Finally, denialist beliefs were negatively associated with pro-environmental intentions, environmental concern, policy support and collective guilt, whereas warmist beliefs were positively related to these outcomes, except for environmental concern, where no significant relationship emerged. These findings highlight the importance of distinguishing ideological variants of climate change conspiracy beliefs to contextualize their psychological significance and potential impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"117 S1","pages":"S33-S64"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjop.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tobia Spampatti, Tobias Brosch, Christian Mumenthaler, Ulf J. J. Hahnel
{"title":"Blueprint of a smokescreen: Introducing the validated climate disinformation corpus for behavioural research on combating climate disinformation","authors":"Tobia Spampatti, Tobias Brosch, Christian Mumenthaler, Ulf J. J. Hahnel","doi":"10.1111/bjop.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Behavioural science research has the potential to develop evidence-based strategies to fight disinformation about climate science and climate mitigation action; however, this research has yet to be conducted systematically with validated sets of climate disinformation stimuli. Here, we present the Climate Disinformation Corpus, a collection of climate disinformation statements designed to systematize experimental research testing future disinformation interventions. Using computational social science techniques, we gathered climate disinformation stimuli from the social media platform Twitter/X. We identified 78 statements containing disinformation about the existence, the causes, the consequences of climate change, the reliability and objectivity of climate scientists, and arguing for the delay of climate policies. The Climate Disinformation Corpus showed good heterogeneity across 15 validation measures (e.g., perceived persuasiveness, perceived trustworthiness, and sharing intentions) in a validation study involving a representative sample of <i>N</i> = 503 British participants. Furthermore, the climate disinformation statements were correlated with four individual differences measures related to belief in climate science and support for climate actions, congruently with theoretical expectations. We conclude with practical suggestions on implementing the Climate Disinformation Corpus in disinformation research according to different research questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"117 S1","pages":"S65-S89"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjop.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Testing the impact of fallacies and contrarian claims in climate change misinformation","authors":"Renee Lieu, Oliver R. Hayes, John Cook","doi":"10.1111/bjop.70049","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate misinformation reduces public acceptance of climate change and undermines support for mitigation policies. This study explored the impact of different types of climate misinformation, examining through content-based and logic-based frameworks. The content-based framework was based on a taxonomy of contrarian claims consisting of five categories—it's not real, it's not us, it's not bad, climate solutions won't work and scientists are not reliable. The logic-based framework examined six rhetorical techniques used in science denial arguments—misrepresentation, false equivalence, oversimplification, red herring, cherry picking and slothful induction. We experimentally tested 30 misinformation examples, crossing five content categories with six fallacies. Participants rated the perceived veracity of misinformation as well as the likelihood of interacting with it. We found no main effect of fallacy on perceived veracity or likelihood to interact but did find a main effect of content category, with the fourth category (climate solutions won't work) perceived as most veracious. We also found that content categories interacted with political ideology, replicating past research into the polarizing effect of climate misinformation. Specifically, the most polarizing categories of misinformation were those targeting climate solutions or attacking climate scientists. Our results highlight the need to prioritize combatting misinformation that targets solutions and scientists.</p>","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"117 S1","pages":"S16-S32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145854549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahra Rahmani Azad, Tobia Spampatti, Sebastian Gluth, Kim-Pong Tam, Ulf J. J. Hahnel
{"title":"Sampling and processing of climate change information and disinformation across three diverse countries","authors":"Zahra Rahmani Azad, Tobia Spampatti, Sebastian Gluth, Kim-Pong Tam, Ulf J. J. Hahnel","doi":"10.1111/bjop.70028","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the media, accurate climate information and climate disinformation often coexist and present competing narratives about climate change. Whereas previous research documented detrimental effects of disinformation on climate beliefs, little is known about how people seek climate-related content and how this varies between cross-cultural contexts. In a preregistered experiment, we studied how individuals sequentially sample and process Pro- and Anti-climate statements across 15 rounds. Participants from the United States, China, and Germany (<i>N</i><sub><i>total</i></sub> = 2226) freely sampled real-world climate-related statements, retrieved from Twitter and validated in previous studies. Overall, reading both Pro- and Anti-climate statements influenced climate concern in all countries. Participants preferred statements that were better aligned with their initial climate beliefs, and this confirmatory tendency intensified the more information had been sampled. Moreover, participants' confirmatory evaluation (i.e., accepting aligned and rejecting opposing messages) increased over time. While climate concern was mostly stable, in the United States, climate concern levels and box choices mutually reinforced each other, leading to greater polarization within the sample over the course of the experiment. The paradigm offers new perspectives on how people process and navigate conflicting narratives about climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"117 S1","pages":"S90-S112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjop.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irmak Sancar, Kenzo Nera, Céline Schöpfer, Frédéric Tomas
{"title":"Advice-taking in carbon footprint assessments: How psychological and cultural factors shape reliance on experts' advice","authors":"Irmak Sancar, Kenzo Nera, Céline Schöpfer, Frédéric Tomas","doi":"10.1111/bjop.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this pre-registered experiment conducted in the Netherlands and Türkiye (<i>N</i><sub>total</sub> = 550), we investigated how the source of advice (peer vs. expert) influences people's decision-making when assessing the carbon footprint of a flight between two cities. We also examined whether this effect was influenced by their conspiracy mentality, collective narcissism, epistemic individualism, and climate change scepticism. Our findings suggest that people overall rely more on experts' advice than peers', especially in the Netherlands compared with Türkiye. Moreover, individuals high in conspiracy beliefs, epistemic individualism, and collective narcissism reduced the weight advantage typically given to expert advice over peer advice. Only a specific form of climate change scepticism (i.e., trend scepticism) showed similar effects. Overall, our results indicate that individuals who value their own opinion and harbour distrust towards experts or science tend to discount expert advice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"117 S1","pages":"S157-S175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Not that different after all: Pro-environmental social norms predict pro-environmental behaviour (also) among those believing in conspiracy theories","authors":"Kevin Winter, Lotte Pummerer, Kai Sassenberg","doi":"10.1111/bjop.70030","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Social norms are powerful predictors of pro-environmental behaviour. At the same time, conspiracy beliefs are prevalent that can reduce individuals' efforts to act pro-environmentally and might impede the influence of social norms. Across three cross-sectional studies in three countries (Germany, UK, US; total <i>N</i> = 1037), we investigated the interplay between different types of social norm perceptions and conspiracy beliefs in predicting everyday pro-environmental behaviour. Against two out of three hypotheses, we found no evidence that conspiracy beliefs moderated the relationship between perceived social norms and self-reported pro-environmental behaviour. Rather, perceiving higher pro-environmental social (especially subjective and injunctive) norms was associated with more frequent pro-environmental behaviour – also among those with stronger conspiracy beliefs. Conspiracy beliefs (especially those related to climate change) were, in turn, related to less pro-environmental behaviour. These findings shed light on the social factors that might influence individuals believing in conspiracy theories and give reason for optimism regarding the possibility to overcome their climate inaction via normative influence.</p>","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"117 S1","pages":"S176-S200"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjop.70030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hoi-Wing Chan, Kimin Eom, Pingping Liu, Kim-Pong Tam
{"title":"Psychological understanding of misinformation and disinformation in the face of environmental crises: Introduction to the special issue","authors":"Hoi-Wing Chan, Kimin Eom, Pingping Liu, Kim-Pong Tam","doi":"10.1111/bjop.70103","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exposure to and belief in misinformation and disinformation can foster misunderstandings and misperceptions about climate change and other environmental issues, ultimately delaying essential progress and action. Against this backdrop, this special issue presents a collection of nine papers that deepen and broaden psychological insights into the content of environment-related misinformation and how people respond to it. In this introduction, we provide a brief overview of the concepts of misinformation and disinformation, followed by a discussion of the scope and contributions of the nine papers. Collectively, these papers address the heterogeneity and complexity of climate and environmental misinformation, explain how people process such misinformation, develop intervention and communication strategies, and explore the influence of social and cultural contexts. We conclude by outlining significant future research directions, emphasizing the need to understand environment-related misinformation with content- and context-sensitive approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"117 S1","pages":"S5-S15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}