心理学最新文献

{"title":"Are you a perception scientist?","authors":"Frans A J Verstraten, Pascal Mamassian, Isabelle Mareschal, Tim Meese, Annabelle S Redfern","doi":"10.1177/03010066251362056","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03010066251362056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49708,"journal":{"name":"Perception","volume":" ","pages":"731-733"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerobic walking exercise training boosts thalamic connectivity in MS patients with cognitive processing speed impairment.","authors":"Brian M Sandroff, Robert W Motl, Glenn R Wylie, Grace E Wells, Carly L A Wender, Mary Ann Picone, Krupa Pandey, John DeLuca, Gary R Cutter","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The current study involved a single-blind, randomized controlled trial on the effects of aerobic treadmill walking exercise training compared with an active control condition as an approach to modify thalamocortical resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) as a neurobiological correlate of cognitive processing speed (CPS) impairment in 28 fully-ambulatory persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) who were pre-screened for impaired CPS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants completed baseline assessments of CPS and underwent resting-state fMRI to measure thalamocortical RSFC. Following baseline, participants were randomly assigned into either 12-weeks of supervised, aerobic treadmill walking exercise training or 12-weeks of stretching and range-of-motion activities (active control condition). After the 12-week study period, participants underwent follow-up assessments of CPS and thalamocortical RSFC using a treatment-blinded assessor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Aerobic treadmill walking exercise training was associated with significantly increased RSFC between the thalamus and frontal/parietal regions relative to the active control condition. By comparison, the active control condition was associated with significantly increased RSFC between the thalamus and occipital regions relative to the treadmill condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current RCT provides critical information on underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of aerobic treadmill walking exercise training and stretching and range-of-motion activities among fully-ambulatory, but CPS impaired persons with MS. This is important for informing the design of aerobic exercise programs that selectively target thalamocortical RSFC as an approach to improve CPS in persons with MS. Such programs may be ripe for inclusion in a future mechanistic trial focusing on thalamocortical RSFC as a mediator of exercise effects on CPS in MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"189 ","pages":"106349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12381831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does adversity relate to performance across different abilities within individuals?","authors":"Ethan S Young, Stefan Vermeent, Willem E Frankenhuis, Marissa D Nivison, Jeffry A Simpson, Glenn I Roisman","doi":"10.1017/S0954579424001433","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0954579424001433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The idea that some abilities might be enhanced by adversity is gaining traction. Adaptation-based approaches have uncovered a few specific abilities enhanced by particular adversity exposures. Yet, for a field to grow, we must not dig too deep, too soon. In this paper, we complement confirmatory research with principled exploration. We draw on two insights from adaptation-based research: 1) enhanced performance manifests within individuals, and 2) reduced and enhanced performance can co-occur. Although commonly assumed, <i>relative</i> performance differences are rarely tested. To quantify them, we need a wide variety of ability measures. However, rather than using adaptive logic to predict which abilities are enhanced or reduced, we develop statistical criteria to identify three data patterns: reduced, enhanced, and intact performance. With these criteria, we analyzed data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development to investigate how adversity shapes within-person performance across 10 abilities in a cognitive and achievement battery. Our goals are to document adversity-shaped cognitive performance patterns, identify drivers of reduced performance, identify sets of \"intact\" abilities, and discover new enhanced abilities. We believe principled exploration with clear criteria can help break new theoretical and empirical ground, remap old territory, and advance theory development.</p>","PeriodicalId":11265,"journal":{"name":"Development and Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1859-1876"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergent Validity of Experimental Cognitive Tests in a Large Community Sample.","authors":"Andy C Dean, Jean-Baptiste Pochon, Robert M Bilder, Fred W Sabb, Eliza Congdon, Dara Ghahremani, Katherine H Karlsgodt, Theo G M van Erp, Rebecca F Schwarzlose, Tyrone D Cannon, Nelson B Freimer, Edythe D London","doi":"10.1177/10731911241283410","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10731911241283410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Experimental cognitive tests are designed to measure particular cognitive domains, although evidence supporting test validity is often limited. The Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics test battery administered 23 experimental and traditional neuropsychological tests to a large sample of community volunteers (<i>n</i> = 1,059) and patients with psychiatric diagnoses (<i>n</i> = 137), providing a unique opportunity to examine convergent validity with factor analysis. Traditional tests included subtests from the Wechsler and Delis-Kaplan batteries, while experimental tests included the Attention Networks Test, Balloon Analogue Risk Task, Delay Discounting Task, Remember-Know, Reversal Learning Task, Scene Recognition, Spatial and Verbal Capacity and Manipulation Tasks, Stop-Signal Task, and Task Switching. Several experimental cognitive measures were insufficiently related to other tests and were excluded from factor analyses. In the remaining 18 tests, exploratory factor analysis and subsequent multigroup confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure broadly corresponding to domains of verbal/working memory, inhibitory control, and memory. In sum, several experimental measures of inhibitory control had weak relationships with all other tests, while the convergent validity of most tests of working memory and memory was supported.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1008-1026"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12397545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-injury and suicidal behaviors in high-risk adolescents: Distal predictors, proximal correlates, and interactive effects of impulsivity and emotion dysregulation.","authors":"Amanda Thompson, Donna Ruch, Jeffrey A Bridge, Cynthia Fontanella, Theodore P Beauchaine","doi":"10.1017/S0954579424001342","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0954579424001342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Suicide rates are rising among U.S. youth, yet our understanding of developmental mechanisms associated with increased suicide risk is limited. One high-risk pathway involves an interaction between heritable trait impulsivity and emotion dysregulation (ED). Together, these confer increased vulnerability to nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicide ideation (SI), and suicide attempts (SAs). Previous work, however, has been limited to homogeneous samples. We extend the Impulsivity × ED hypothesis to a more diverse sample of adolescents (<i>N</i> = 344, ages 12-15 at Baseline, 107 males and 237 females) who were treated for major depression and assessed four times over two years. In multilevel models, the impulsivity × ED interaction was associated with higher levels and worse trajectories of NSSI, SI, and SAs. As expected, stressful life events were also associated with poorer trajectories for all outcomes, and NSSI was associated with future and concurrent SI and SAs. These findings extend one developmental pathway of risk for self-harming and suicidal behaviors to more diverse adolescents, with potential implications for prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":11265,"journal":{"name":"Development and Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1742-1755"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiolytic effects of diazepam in Trinidadian guppies exposed to chemical cues indicating predation risk.","authors":"Adam L Crane, Laurence E A Feyten, Alix J P Brusseau, Félixe Dumaresq Synnott, Indar W Ramnarine, Maud C O Ferrari, Grant E Brown","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000847","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fear of predation is pervasive among vertebrate prey species, being characterized by neurobiological and behavioral changes induced by risk exposure. To understand the acquisition and attenuation of fearful phenotypes, such as dimensions of posttraumatic stress, researchers often use animal models, with prey fishes recently emerging as a nontraditional but promising model. Much is known about fear acquisition in prey fishes such as the Trinidadian guppy, Poecilia reticulata, which inhabit high and low predation sites. Little is known, however, about whether a guppy model shows fear attenuation via therapeutic treatments, such as commonly prescribed anxiolytic drugs, like benzodiazepines. In this study, we used Trinidadian guppies from wild populations to explore the interactive effects of exposure to the anxiolytic drug, diazepam, and exposure to predation risk in the form of injured conspecific cues (i.e. alarm cues) that reliably indicate a predator attack. In Experiment 1, juvenile guppies from both high- and low-predation populations were given a 10-min exposure to diazepam (160 µg/l), resulting in the loss of fear behavior when simultaneously presented with alarm cues. In Experiment 2, we found that a prior 10-min exposure to diazepam (160 µg/l) for adult guppies significantly reduced their subsequent fear behavior toward a separate exposure to alarm cues, revealing that diazepam was having direct effects on guppy cognition rather than simply inactivating the alarm cues via chemical alteration. These anxiolytic effects thus add to the growing support for the predictive validity of prey fishes as animal models for exploring fear attenuation in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":"36 7","pages":"500-508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144991458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal pathways between parent depression and child mental health in families of autistic children.","authors":"Brianna Piro-Gambetti, Jessica Greenlee, Daniel Bolt, Kristin Litzelman, Sigan L Hartley","doi":"10.1017/S0954579424001378","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0954579424001378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autistic children and their parents are at risk for mental health problems, but the processes driving these connections are unknown. Leveraging three data cycles (spaced <i>M</i> = 11.76 months, <i>SD</i> = 2.77) on 162 families with autistic children (aged 6-13 years), the associations between parent-child relationship quality (warmth and criticism), child mental health problems, and parent depression symptoms were examined. A complete longitudinal mediation model was conducted using structural equation modeling. Father depression mediated the link between child mental health problems and father critical comments (<i>β</i> = -0.017, <i>p</i> = 0.018; CI [-.023 - -.015]). Father report of child mental health problems mediated the association between father depression and father critical comments (<i>β</i> = 0.016, <i>p</i> = 0.040; CI [0.003-0.023]) as well as the association between father positive remarks and father depression (<i>β</i> = -0.009, <i>p</i> = 0.032; CI [-0.010 - -0.009]). Additionally, father positive remarks mediated the connection between father depression and child mental health problems (<i>β</i> = 0.022, <i>p</i> = 0.006; CI [0.019-0.034]). No mediation effects were present for mothers. Findings highlight that the mental health of parents and autistic children are intertwined. Interventions that improve the parent-child relationship may reduce the reciprocal toll of parent and child mental health problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11265,"journal":{"name":"Development and Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1769-1781"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11929618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients' Positions on the Degree of Trust to be Placed in Physicians.","authors":"Maria Teresa Muñoz Sastre, Lonzozou Kpanake, Paul Clay Sorum, Etienne Mullet","doi":"10.1177/00332941231197610","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941231197610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patient-physician relationship is ideally based on mutual trust. Trust usually takes times to build but can quite instantaneously be destroyed as a result of a single action or a single misperception. This study examined the way patients conceptualize the relationship between trust in a physician and perceived competency, honesty and openness, and personal involvement in care. One hundred sixty-seven patients aged 18-85 years were presented with a set of 27 three-item realistic vignettes that described situations in which participants could find themselves if hospitalized because of illness or accident. These scenarios resulted from the complete crossing of the three factors mentioned above. Participants were asked to assess the level of trust they would feel in each case. Through cluster analysis, three positions were found. For a minority of participants, trust was either unconditionally high (4%) or always quite low (8%). For a majority (75%), however, trust depended interactively on competency and honesty, on the one hand, and involvement, on the other hand; that is, the impact of competency and honesty on trust always depended on the level of involvement in care. In particular, when involvement had a low level, trust was always quite low, irrespective of the levels of both other factors. These findings are fully consistent with the view that, for a majority of patients, trust is inherently brittle: A breach in any one of participants' expectations regarding physicians' professionalism is enough to result in a more than proportional reduction in trust level.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"3129-3142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12394773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10041895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mind-Wandering and Its Relationship With Psychological Wellbeing and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptomatology in the Context of Covid-19.","authors":"Niamh Gaynor, Lisa Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1177/00332941231203563","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941231203563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mind-wandering (MW) as a research topic has received considerable attention over the last several decades. The recent differentiation between spontaneous and deliberate MW has suggested a particular effect of the former on psychopathology; in that increased spontaneous MW may precede mental illness. The present study sought to explore MW as a potential contributing factor to poor mental health in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. More specifically, we sought to determine firstly, whether the effects of MW frequency, type and content on subjective psychological wellbeing was consistent with previous findings after controlling for the impacts of Covid-related stress. Secondly, previous research has demonstrated an effect of both Covid-stress and spontaneous MW on the experience of obsessive-compulsive symptomatology (OCS), and so the present study explored this relationship further by assessing whether Covid-stress mediated the relationship between spontaneous MW and OCS. Participants completed measures of MW, OCS and psychological wellbeing through an online questionnaire. The results indicated that increased spontaneous MW was indicative of both poorer subjective psychological wellbeing and OCS, with Covid-stress partially mediating the relationship between spontaneous MW and OCS. Our findings provide further support for the adverse effect of unintentional MW on psychological wellbeing, as well as for the differentiation between both forms of the cognitive phenomenon. Additionally, they provide an important insight into one of the factors that may have preceded poor mental health among the Irish population during Covid-19. Future research may build upon the present study by exploring similar relationships among clinical populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"3307-3334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12394777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41149589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objective Relative Income Impacts Life Satisfaction and Positive Affect Only When Subjective Absolute Income is High.","authors":"Qin Zhao, Tao Chen","doi":"10.1177/00332941231204299","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941231204299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the crucial role of money in individuals' daily life and the potential societal impact of income inequality, it is not surprising that the income-subjective well-being (SWB) link has been a topic of great research interest. The present study extends past research by examining the independent and interactive effects of three personal income factors. An experiment was conducted where subjective income (both absolute and relative) were manipulated and objective relative income was measured. Subjective relative income impacted perceived deprivation, negative affect, and state hostility, whereas the other two income factors showed a main effect on perceived deprivation only. Regarding interaction effects, objective relative income impacted life satisfaction and positive affect only for individuals in the high (vs. low) subjective absolute income condition, i.e., those who perceived their income as adequate for needs/wants. We proposed that the relative deprivation theory (Smith et al., 2012), which primarily focuses on the impact of low relative income (or income inequality), should be expanded to account for <i>both</i> perceived deprivation \"relative to others\" <i>and</i> perceived deprivation \"relative to one's own needs/wants.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"3335-3356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41150647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}