IF 3.4 2区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231211469

Timon Elmer, Nilam Ram, Andrew T Gloster, Laura F Bringmann

引用次数: 0

Executive functions in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. 复发缓解型多发性硬化症的执行功能。

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Applied Neuropsychology-Adult Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2252125

M Rosa Elosúa, Noelia Villadangos

{"title":"Executive functions in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.","authors":"M Rosa Elosúa, Noelia Villadangos","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2252125","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2252125","url":null,"abstract":"Some studies suggest that patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis have problems in the functioning of working memory, and more specifically in executive functions, but the available results are still inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to examine executive functioning in multiple sclerosis using classical and representative tasks for divided attention, updating, attentional shifting, and inhibition. The sample was composed of 48 participants aged between 18 and 59 years (24 persons living with multiple sclerosis and 24 healthy participants matched in age and education level). The executive functions of divided attention, updating, attentional shifting, and inhibition were analyzed through the Dual-Task Paradigm, the N-Back task, the Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Stroop test, respectively. The analyses of the data showed that the functioning of working memory was impaired in multiple sclerosis in the executive functions of divided attention and updating when the group of persons living with MS and the control group were compared. In addition, the performance in the four executive functions analyzed did not show the same profile across the persons living with MS in the sample, as no deficit in attentional shifting or inhibition was observed. It can be concluded that the presence of deficits was observed only in the executive functions of divided attention and updating under the condition of greater cognitive demand. The clinical implications of these results are underlined due to their impact on daily life.","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"944-952"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71488682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measuring Continuous Affect in Daily Life With Intensity Profile Drawings. 用强度曲线图测量日常生活中的连续情感

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Assessment Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1177/10731911241266286

Leonie Cloos, Merijn Mestdagh, Wolf Vanpaemel, Eva Ceulemans, Peter Kuppens

{"title":"Measuring Continuous Affect in Daily Life With Intensity Profile Drawings.","authors":"Leonie Cloos, Merijn Mestdagh, Wolf Vanpaemel, Eva Ceulemans, Peter Kuppens","doi":"10.1177/10731911241266286","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10731911241266286","url":null,"abstract":"We examined continuous affect drawings as innovative measure of affective experiences over time. Intensive longitudinal data often rely on discrete assessments, containing \"blind spots\" between measurements. With continuous affect drawings participants visually depict their affect fluctuations between assessments. In an experience sampling study, participants (N = 115) rated their momentary positive and negative affect 6 times daily. From the second daily rating on, they additionally drew their positive and negative affect changes and reported affective events between assessments. They received one measurement burst between assessments daily. The strength of the approach is a substantial amount of informational gain (average 7%) over linearly interpolated points between assessments. The additional information was subsequently categorized into positive and negative affect peaks and valleys, each occurring once a day per person on average. The probability of detecting peaks and valleys increased with reported events. The drawings correlated positively with momentary affect scores from the burst. Yet, the drawing predicted the bursts less well suggesting that the momentary ratings may yield different information than the drawings. Although the timing of retrospective drawings is less precise than individual momentary assessments, this method provides a comprehensive understanding of affective experiences between assessments, offering a unique perspective on affect dynamics.","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"689-704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141974966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficient visual representations for learning and decision making. 用于学习和决策的高效视觉表征。

IF 5.1 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000498

Tyler Malloy, Chris R Sims

{"title":"Efficient visual representations for learning and decision making.","authors":"Tyler Malloy, Chris R Sims","doi":"10.1037/rev0000498","DOIUrl":"10.1037/rev0000498","url":null,"abstract":"The efficient representation of visual information is essential for learning and decision making due to the complexity and uncertainty of the world, as well as inherent constraints on the capacity of cognitive systems. We hypothesize that biological agents learn to efficiently represent visual information in a manner that balances performance across multiple potentially competing objectives. In this article, we examine two such objectives: storing information in a manner that supports accurate recollection (maximizing veridicality) and in a manner that facilitates utility-based decision making (maximizing behavioral utility). That these two objectives may be in conflict is not immediately obvious. Our hypothesis suggests that neither behavior nor representation formation can be fully understood by studying either in isolation, with information processing constraints exerting an overarching influence. Alongside this hypothesis we develop a computational model of representation formation and behavior motivated by recent methods in machine learning and neuroscience. The resulting model explains both the beneficial aspects of human visual learning, such as fast acquisition and high generalization, as well as the biases that result from information constraints. To test this model, we developed two experimental paradigms, in decision making and learning, to evaluate how well the model's predictions match human behavior. A key feature of the proposed model is that it predicts the occurrence of commonly found biases in human decision making, resulting from the desire to form efficient representations of visual information that are useful for behavioral goals in learning and decision making and optimized under an information processing constraint. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":" ","pages":"759-780"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Grounding computational cognitive models. 基础计算认知模型。

IF 5.1 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000533

Casimir J H Ludwig, Erik Stuchlý, Gaurav Malhotra

{"title":"Grounding computational cognitive models.","authors":"Casimir J H Ludwig, Erik Stuchlý, Gaurav Malhotra","doi":"10.1037/rev0000533","DOIUrl":"10.1037/rev0000533","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive scientists and neuroscientists are increasingly deploying computational models to develop testable theories of psychological functions and make quantitative predictions about cognition, brain activity, and behavior. Computational models are used to explain target phenomena such as experimental effects, individual, and/or population differences. They do so by relating these phenomena to the underlying components of the model that map onto distinct cognitive mechanisms. These components make up a \"cognitive state space,\" where different positions correspond to different cognitive states that produce variation in behavior. We examine the rationale and practice of such model-based inferences and argue that model-based explanations typically miss a key ingredient: They fail to explain why and how agents occupy specific positions in this space. A critical insight is that the agent's position in the state space is not fixed, but that the behavior they produce is the result of a trajectory. Therefore, we discuss (a) the constraints that limit movement in the state space; (b) the reasons for moving around at all (i.e., agents' objectives); and (c) the information and cognitive mechanisms that guide these movements. We review existing research practices, from experimental design to the model-based analysis of data, and through simulations we demonstrate some of the inferential pitfalls that arise when we ignore these dynamics. By bringing the agent's perspective into sharp focus, we stand to gain better and more complete explanations of the variation in cognition and behavior over time, between different environmental conditions, and between different populations or individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":" ","pages":"973-1001"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The disencapsulated mind: A premotor theory of human imagination. 被拆解的心灵：人类想象力的前运动理论。

IF 5.1 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000535

Peter Ulric Tse

{"title":"The disencapsulated mind: A premotor theory of human imagination.","authors":"Peter Ulric Tse","doi":"10.1037/rev0000535","DOIUrl":"10.1037/rev0000535","url":null,"abstract":"Our premodern ancestors had perceptual, motoric, and cognitive functional domains that were modularly encapsulated. Some of these came to interact through a new type of cross-modular binding in our species. This allowed previously domain-dedicated, encapsulated motoric and sensory operators to operate on operands for which they had not evolved. Such operators could at times operate nonvolitionally, while at other times they could be governed volitionally. In particular, motoric operations that derive from the same circuits that compute hand motions for object manipulation could now be retooled for virtual manipulation in a mental workspace in the absence of any physical hand or other effector movements. I hypothesize that the creativity of human imagination and mental models is rooted in premotor simulation of sequential manipulations of objects and symbols in the mental workspace, in analogy with the premotor theory of attention, which argues that attention evolved from \"internalized\" eye movement circuitry. Overall, operator \"disencapsulation\" led to a bifurcation of consciousness in humans: a concrete form centered on perception of the body in the physical world and an abstract form focused on explanatory mental models. One of the consequences of these new abilities was the advent of psychotic disorders that do not exist in species possessed solely of the concrete type of consciousness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":" ","pages":"895-915"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142954132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The 8-item NHANES pocket smell test^®: Normative data. 8 项 NHANES 袖珍嗅觉测试®：标准数据。

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Applied Neuropsychology-Adult Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2224480

Aretha On, Shima T Moein, Rafa Khan, Richard L Doty

{"title":"The 8-item NHANES pocket smell test®: Normative data.","authors":"Aretha On, Shima T Moein, Rafa Khan, Richard L Doty","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2224480","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2224480","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides normative data useful for interpreting scores from the Pocket Smell Test® (PST®), a brief \"scratch & sniff\" neuropsychological olfactory screening test comprised of 8 items from the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT®). We combined 3,485 PST® scores from the 2013 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) of persons 40 years of age and older with equivalent PST® items extracted from an UPSIT® database of 3,900 persons ranging in age from 5 to 99 years. Decade-related age- and gender-adjusted percentile normative data were established across the entire age spectrum. Cut-points for defining clinically useful categories of anosmia, probable microsmia, and normosmia were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. An age-related decline in test scores was evident for both sexes after the age of 40 years, with women outperforming men. Based on the ROC analyses, subjects scoring 3 or less (AUC = 0.81) defines anosmia. Regardless of sex, a score of 7 or 8 on the N-PST® signifies normal function (AUC of 0.71). Probable microsmia is classified as scores extending from 3 to 6. These data provide an accurate means for interpreting PST® scores within a number of clinical and applied settings.","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"922-927"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10770295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9758185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Repeated stroboscopic vision training improves anticipation skill without changing perceptual-cognitive skills in soccer players. 反复频闪视觉训练在不改变足球运动员感知认知技能的情况下提高了预期技能。

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Applied Neuropsychology-Adult Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2243358

Leonardo S Fortes, Heloiana Faro, Jocelyn Faubert, Carlos G Freitas-Júnior, Dalton de Lima-Junior, Sebastião S Almeida

{"title":"Repeated stroboscopic vision training improves anticipation skill without changing perceptual-cognitive skills in soccer players.","authors":"Leonardo S Fortes, Heloiana Faro, Jocelyn Faubert, Carlos G Freitas-Júnior, Dalton de Lima-Junior, Sebastião S Almeida","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2243358","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2243358","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we aimed to analyze the repeated effect of stroboscopic vision training on perceptual-cognitive skills in soccer players. A total of 28 male soccer players participated in this experimental and randomized study with parallel groups. The soccer players were pair-matched according to perceptual-cognitive skills and randomized into two groups: Stroboscopic vision training and Control. Multiple object tracking, anticipation, and decision-making skills were measured before and after the 8-week intervention. An increase in multiple object tracking (p < 0.05) and decision-making skills (p < 0.05) from baseline to post-experiment was found in both groups without main group effect (p > 0.05). The findings showed an increase in anticipation skill from baseline to post-experiment in both groups (p < 0.05), with higher anticipation skill for the stroboscopic group than in the control group post-experiment (p < 0.05). Thus, we conclude that repeated stroboscopic vision training could improve anticipation skill in soccer athletes.","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1123-1137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9959854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A prospective randomized study examining the impact of intravenous versus inhalational anesthesia on postoperative cognitive decline and delirium. 一项前瞻性随机研究，研究静脉麻醉与吸入麻醉对术后认知能力下降和谵妄的影响。

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Applied Neuropsychology-Adult Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-12 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2246612

Thomas J Farrer, Terri G Monk, David L McDonagh, Gavin Martin, Carl F Pieper, Deborah Koltai

{"title":"A prospective randomized study examining the impact of intravenous versus inhalational anesthesia on postoperative cognitive decline and delirium.","authors":"Thomas J Farrer, Terri G Monk, David L McDonagh, Gavin Martin, Carl F Pieper, Deborah Koltai","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2246612","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2246612","url":null,"abstract":"The present prospective randomized study was designed to investigate whether the development of Post Operative Cognitive Decline (POCD) is related to anesthesia type in older adults. All patients were screened for delirium and mental status, received baseline neuropsychological assessment, and evaluation of activities of daily living (ADLs). Follow-up assessments were performed at 3-6 months and 12-18 months. Patients were randomized to receive either inhalation anesthesia (ISO) with isoflurane or total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol for maintenance anesthesia. ISO (n = 99) and TIVA (n = 100) groups were similar in demographics, preoperative cognition, and incidence of post-operative delirium. Groups did not differ in terms of mean change in memory or executive function from baseline to follow-up. Pre-surgical cognitive function is the only variable predictive of the development of POCD. Anesthetic type was not predictive of POCD. However, ADLs were predictive of post-operative delirium development. Overall, this pilot study represents a prospective, randomized study demonstrating that when examining ISO versus TIVA for maintenance of general anesthesia, there is no significant difference in cognition between anesthetic types. There is also no difference in the occurrence of postoperative delirium. Postoperative cognitive decline was best predicted by lower baseline cognition and functional status.","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1155-1161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10859544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9982256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): An update normative study for the Portuguese population. 蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）：葡萄牙人口的最新规范研究。

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Applied Neuropsychology-Adult Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2252949

Juliana Gonçalves, Bianca Gerardo, Joana Nogueira, Rosa Marina Afonso, Sandra Freitas

{"title":"Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): An update normative study for the Portuguese population.","authors":"Juliana Gonçalves, Bianca Gerardo, Joana Nogueira, Rosa Marina Afonso, Sandra Freitas","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2252949","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2252949","url":null,"abstract":"The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a brief cognitive screening instrument that is known for its good psychometric properties and sensitivity to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI). After ten years, it became relevant to update the previous Portuguese normative study due to changes in the population and some limitations present in the study itself. The study sample was composed of 860 cognitively healthy adults, stratified according to verified distribution of the Portuguese population across several sociodemographic variables. All participants completed a neuropsychological assessment battery, in which the MoCA was included. The analysis of the relationships between the sociodemographic variables and the MoCA show that age and educational level had a significant effect on MoCA scores, with educational level being the better predictor. These results foster the consideration of age and educational level in the development of normative data. The present study contributes to a reliable update of the normative data of MoCA. The new age groups and more stratified norms comply with the natural changes on the Portuguese population, providing an increase of power and clinical accuracy. The presented norms consider the cognitive domains subscores, consequently improving the comprehension and utility of the results obtained from the MoCA test.","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1148-1154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10245570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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