Perspectives on Psychological Science最新文献

Let's Get Together: Toward an Integration of Personality Psychology and Distinct Emotions Research. 让我们走到一起：走向人格心理学和不同情绪研究的整合。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1177/17456916251349819

Eric J Mercadante,Aaron C Weidman,Jessica L Tracy

引用次数: 0

Do Cognitive Functions Belong in the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology Model? A Meta-Analysis 认知功能是否属于精神病理模型的层次分类法？一个荟萃分析

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1177/17456916251347926

Whitney R. Ringwald, Amitai Abramovitch, Joost A. Agelink van Rentergem, Roman Kotov

{"title":"Do Cognitive Functions Belong in the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology Model? A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Whitney R. Ringwald, Amitai Abramovitch, Joost A. Agelink van Rentergem, Roman Kotov","doi":"10.1177/17456916251347926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916251347926","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive dysfunction is essential to conceptualizing, defining, and assessing much of psychopathology. Despite this prominence, cognitive abilities are not included in the prevailing empirically based classification system: the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). This gap exists because the factor-analytic literature the HiTOP is based on has solely used reporter measures rather than neuropsychological tests needed to measure cognitive ability. Given HiTOP’s influence on research and clinical practice, the omission of cognitive functions from the model is consequential. This study aimed to determine how cognitive abilities fit into the empirical structure of psychopathology with a meta-analytic joint factor analysis. We pooled data from three published meta-analyses into a single correlation matrix of eight disorders from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and seven cognitive functions. We then fit a series of models to the meta-analytic correlation matrix using exploratory factor analysis and correlated factors across levels to estimate the hierarchical structure. The highest level of the model included a general factor with strong loadings of all disorders and cognitive functions (median λ = |.51|, range = |.30| to |.64|). At the lowest level were three superspectra: psychosis and cognitive dysfunction, externalizing, and emotional dysfunction. Our results show cognitive abilities can be integrated into the HiTOP model and point to actionable next steps in research to accomplish this goal.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Individual-Specific Animated Profiles of Mental Health. 针对个人的心理健康动画简介。

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231226308

Sigal Zilcha-Mano

{"title":"Individual-Specific Animated Profiles of Mental Health.","authors":"Sigal Zilcha-Mano","doi":"10.1177/17456916231226308","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231226308","url":null,"abstract":"How important is the timing of the pretreatment evaluation? If we consider mental health to be a relatively fixed condition, the specific timing (e.g., day, hour) of the evaluation is immaterial and often determined on the basis of technical considerations. Indeed, the fundamental assumption underlying the vast majority of psychotherapy research and practice is that mental health is a state that can be captured in a one-dimensional snapshot. If this fundamental assumption, underlying 80 years of empirical research and practice, is incorrect, it may help explain why for decades psychotherapy failed to rise above the 50% efficacy rate in the treatment of mental-health disorders, especially depression, a heterogeneous disorder and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Based on recent studies suggesting within-individual dynamics, this article proposes that mental health and its underlying therapeutic mechanisms have underlying intrinsic dynamics that manifest across dimensions. Computational psychotherapy is needed to develop individual-specific pretreatment animated profiles of mental health. Such individual-specific animated profiles are expected to improve the ability to select the optimal treatment for each patient, devise adequate treatment plans, and adjust them on the basis of ongoing evaluations of mental-health dynamics, creating a new understanding of therapeutic change as a transition toward a more adaptive animated profile.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"787-805"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139913180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subjective Confidence as a Monitor of the Replicability of the Response. 主观信心是反应可复制性的监测器。

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231224387

Asher Koriat

{"title":"Subjective Confidence as a Monitor of the Replicability of the Response.","authors":"Asher Koriat","doi":"10.1177/17456916231224387","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231224387","url":null,"abstract":"Confidence is commonly assumed to monitor the accuracy of responses. However, intriguing results, examined in the light of philosophical discussions of epistemic justification, suggest that confidence actually monitors the reliability of choices rather than (directly) their accuracy. The focus on reliability is consistent with the view that the construction of truth has much in common with the construction of reality: extracting reliable properties that afford prediction. People are assumed to make a binary choice by sampling cues from a \"collective wisdomware,\" and their confidence is based on the consistency of these cues, in line with the self-consistency model. Here, however, I propose that internal consistency is taken to index the reliability of choices themselves-the likelihood that they will be repeated. The results of 10 studies using binary decisions from different domains indicated that confidence in a choice predicts its replicability both within individuals and across individuals. This was so for domains for which choices have a truth value and for those for which they do not. For the former domains, differences in replicability mediated the prediction of accuracy whether confidence was diagnostic or counterdiagnostic of accuracy. Metatheoretical, methodological, and practical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"744-761"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139697939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interparental Positivity Spillover Theory: How Parents' Positive Relational Interactions Influence Children. 父母间积极性溢出理论：父母的积极关系互动如何影响子女。

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231220626

Brian P Don, Jeffry A Simpson, Barbara L Fredrickson, Sara B Algoe

{"title":"Interparental Positivity Spillover Theory: How Parents' Positive Relational Interactions Influence Children.","authors":"Brian P Don, Jeffry A Simpson, Barbara L Fredrickson, Sara B Algoe","doi":"10.1177/17456916231220626","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231220626","url":null,"abstract":"Interparental interactions have an important influence on child well-being and development. Yet prior theory and research have primarily focused on interparental conflict as contributing to child maladjustment, which leaves out the critical question of how interparental positive interactions-such as expressed gratitude, capitalization, and shared laughter-may benefit child growth and development. In this article, we integrate theory and research in family, relationship, and affective science to propose a new framework for understanding how the heretofore underexamined positive interparental interactions influence children: interparental positivity spillover theory (IPST). IPST proposes that, distinct from the influence of conflict, interparental positive interactions spill over into children's experiences in the form of their (a) experience of positive emotions, (b) beneficially altered perceptions of their parents, and (c) emulation of their parents' positive interpersonal behaviors. This spillover is theorized to promote beneficial cognitive, behavioral, social, and physiological outcomes in children in the short term (i.e., immediately after a specific episode of interparental positivity, or on a given day) as well as cumulatively across time. As a framework, IPST generates a host of novel and testable predictions to guide future research, all of which have important implications for the mental health, well-being, and positive development of children and families.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"639-668"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139521450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Motivation Science Can Improve Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Trainings. 激励科学可改善多样性、公平性和包容性（DEI）培训。

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231186410

Nicole Legate, Netta Weinstein

{"title":"Motivation Science Can Improve Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Trainings.","authors":"Nicole Legate, Netta Weinstein","doi":"10.1177/17456916231186410","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231186410","url":null,"abstract":"Recent reviews of efforts to reduce prejudice and increase diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in the workplace have converged on the conclusion that prejudice is resistant to change and that merely raising awareness of the problem is not enough. There is growing recognition that DEI efforts may fall short because they do not effectively motivate attitudinal and behavioral change, especially the type of change that translates to reducing disparities. Lasting change requires sustained effort and commitment, yet insights from motivation science about how to inspire this are missing from the scientific and practitioner literatures on DEI trainings. Herein, we leverage evidence from two complementary approaches to motivating change and reducing defensiveness: self-determination theory, a metatheory of human motivation, and motivational interviewing, a clinical approach for behavior change, to tackle the question of how to improve DEI efforts. We distill these insights for researchers, teachers, practitioners, and leaders wanting to apply motivational principles to their own DEI work. We highlight challenges of using this approach and recommend training takes place alongside larger structural and organizational changes. We conclude that motivation is a necessary (but insufficient) ingredient for effective DEI efforts that can energize personal commitment to DEI.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"714-729"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139576293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to "Transmission Versus Truth, Imitation Versus Innovation: What Children Can Do That Large Language and Language-and-Vision Models Cannot (Yet)?" 对 "传承与真理，模仿与创新：儿童能做什么，而大型语言和语言与视觉模型（目前）却不能？

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231222009

引用次数: 0

Metacognitive Feelings: A Predictive-Processing Perspective. 元认知感受：预测处理视角。

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231221976

Pablo Fernández Velasco, Slawa Loev

{"title":"Metacognitive Feelings: A Predictive-Processing Perspective.","authors":"Pablo Fernández Velasco, Slawa Loev","doi":"10.1177/17456916231221976","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231221976","url":null,"abstract":"Metacognitive feelings are affective experiences that concern the subject's mental processes and capacities. Paradigmatic examples include the feeling of familiarity, the feeling of confidence, or the tip-of-the-tongue experience. In this article, we advance an account of metacognitive feelings based on the predictive-processing framework. The core tenet of predictive processing is that the brain is a hierarchical hypothesis-testing mechanism, predicting sensory input on the basis of prior experience and updating predictions on the basis of the incoming prediction error. According to the proposed account, metacognitive feelings arise out of a process in which visceral changes serve as cues to predict the error dynamics relating to a particular mental process. The expected rate of prediction-error reduction corresponds to the valence at the core of the emerging metacognitive feeling. Metacognitive feelings use prediction dynamics to model the agent's situation in a way that is both descriptive and directive. Thus, metacognitive feelings are not only an appraisal of ongoing cognitive performance but also a set of action policies. These action policies span predictive trajectories across bodily action, mental action, and interoceptive changes, which together transform the epistemic landscape within which metacognitive feelings unfold.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"691-713"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139576280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Income and Wealth on Behavioral Strategies, Personality Traits, and Preferences. 收入和财富对行为策略、个性特征和偏好的影响。

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231201512

Mélusine Boon-Falleur, Nicolas Baumard, Jean-Baptiste André

{"title":"The Effect of Income and Wealth on Behavioral Strategies, Personality Traits, and Preferences.","authors":"Mélusine Boon-Falleur, Nicolas Baumard, Jean-Baptiste André","doi":"10.1177/17456916231201512","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231201512","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals living in either harsh or favorable environments display well-documented psychological and behavioral differences. For example, people in favorable environments tend to be more future-oriented, trust strangers more, and have more explorative preferences. To account for such differences, psychologists have turned to evolutionary biology and behavioral ecology, in particular, the literature on life-history theory and pace-of-life syndrome. However, critics have found that the theoretical foundations of these approaches are fragile and that differences in life expectancy cannot explain vast psychological and behavioral differences. In this article, we build on the theory of optimal resource allocation to propose an alternative framework. We hypothesize that the quantity of resources available, such as income, has downstream consequences on psychological traits, leading to the emergence of behavioral syndromes. We show that more resources lead to more long-term orientation, more tolerance of variance, and more investment in low marginal-benefit needs. At the behavioral level, this translates, among others, into more large-scale cooperation, more investment in health, and more exploration. These individual-level differences in behavior, in turn, account for cultural phenomena such as puritanism, authoritarianism, and innovation.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"669-690"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Novel, Network-Based Approach to Assessing Romantic-Relationship Quality. 基于网络的新型浪漫关系质量评估方法。

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231215248

引用次数: 0