Perspectives on Psychological Science最新文献

Toward a Psychology of Science: A Dynamic Cognitive Model of the Evolution of Scientific Theories 走向科学心理学：科学理论演化的动态认知模型

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2026-10-19 DOI: 10.1177/17456916261479287

Benjamin Aubert-Teillaud, Kenzo Nera, Aurélien Brest, Olivier Klein

{"title":"Toward a Psychology of Science: A Dynamic Cognitive Model of the Evolution of Scientific Theories","authors":"Benjamin Aubert-Teillaud, Kenzo Nera, Aurélien Brest, Olivier Klein","doi":"10.1177/17456916261479287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916261479287","url":null,"abstract":"Responding to a recent call for the development of a psychology of science, we examine how scientists manage empirical anomalies, a routine yet consequential challenge in scientific practice, and how their responses shape theory development. We argue that defensive anomaly-reduction strategies, which allow researchers to preserve an initial theoretical claim, can generate important secondary benefits. During the emergence phase of a theory, they foster auxiliary revisions that may reduce underfitting and place a fragile theory on a growth trajectory. During the exploitation phase of established theories, they help sustain attention to problems derived from the theory and support cumulative research. However, their accumulation may also increase the risk of overfitting, reduce predictive power, and set the theory on a degenerative trajectory. We illustrate these dynamics primarily through examples drawn from psychological theories, with a focus on responses to replication failures. Last, we derive several implications for peer review aimed at fostering scientific innovation. In particular, we propose shifting evaluation away from the consistency of findings, which may penalize emerging research programs and hinder innovation, and toward how inconsistencies are managed, thereby fostering growth trajectories, including for mature programs confronted with anomalies.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":"200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extending Truth-Default Theory to Misinformation: Connecting Misinformation Scholarship and Deception Research 将真理默认理论扩展到错误信息：连接错误信息学术与欺骗研究

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2026-10-13 DOI: 10.1177/17456916261475589

Ryan C. Moore,Jeffrey T. Hancock

引用次数: 0

Bias at Scale: Global Disparities in the Representativeness and Contextualization of Childhood Research. 尺度上的偏见：儿童研究的代表性和情境化的全球差异。

IF 9.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2026-10-07 DOI: 10.1177/17456916261459902

Roman Stengelin, Karri Neldner, Luise Hornoff, Luke Maurits, Ljubica Petrović, Dustin Eirdosh, Frankie T K Fong, Paula Hagen, Yağmur Deniz Kısa, Sarah Leisterer-Peoples, Marie M G Michael, Wilson Vieira, Sarah Pope-Caldwell, Daniel B M Haun

{"title":"Bias at Scale: Global Disparities in the Representativeness and Contextualization of Childhood Research.","authors":"Roman Stengelin, Karri Neldner, Luise Hornoff, Luke Maurits, Ljubica Petrović, Dustin Eirdosh, Frankie T K Fong, Paula Hagen, Yağmur Deniz Kısa, Sarah Leisterer-Peoples, Marie M G Michael, Wilson Vieira, Sarah Pope-Caldwell, Daniel B M Haun","doi":"10.1177/17456916261459902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916261459902","url":null,"abstract":"Psychological science, including research on child cognition, behavior, and development, has traditionally relied on convenience samples drawn from a narrow range of sociocultural communities. Moving beyond the simplifying WEIRD/non-WEIRD dichotomy, this study estimates the global representativeness of children participating in developmental research across multiple metrics of human cultural experience. A systematic review of studies published between 2016 and 2020 in five leading journals reveals a disproportionate focus on children from communities situated at the extremes of all selected metrics. This bias is coupled with a selective disregard for cultural context in research originating from these overrepresented settings, reflecting a persistent double standard in how culture is treated across the field. Notably, studies involving children from underrepresented communities do not receive greater recognition (e.g., citations) unless they are embedded within larger, multinational research projects. We discuss the implications for representativeness, contextualization, and epistemic inclusion of these patterns, and we advocate for systemic change toward a genuinely global science of child development and psychological science more broadly.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"17456916261459902"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moving on From Simple Operationalism: Anchoring Theoretical Constructs in Rich Relational Models. 从简单的操作主义出发：在丰富的关系模型中锚定理论结构。

IF 9.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2026-10-07 DOI: 10.1177/17456916261471413

Peter D Kvam, Abhay Alaukik

{"title":"Moving on From Simple Operationalism: Anchoring Theoretical Constructs in Rich Relational Models.","authors":"Peter D Kvam, Abhay Alaukik","doi":"10.1177/17456916261471413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916261471413","url":null,"abstract":"Operational definitions have long been a core approach to measuring and relating observed data to theoretical constructs in psychological science. However, many contemporary modeling approaches conflict with the tacit assumptions of operationalism as it is implemented in psychology. Counterintuitively, these departures imbue model-based definitions of constructs with superior measurement properties, such as improved reliability and validity, when compared with their operationalizations based directly on observables. Instead of relying on operational definitions of constructs, we instead suggest that psychology should adopt relational definitions or relational operationalizations, representing constructs as latent variables in a multilevel generative model of behavior, self-report, or neuroimaging data. These model-based metrics can better reflect measurement error at multiple levels, account for the interactions between measurement devices (tasks, scales) and measurement objects (participants, processes), provide a holistic account of latent constructs and how they manifest across different measurements, facilitate convergence or discrimination tests among different tasks seeking to measure the same construct, and improve scientific communication by clarifying core psychological concepts. Relational definitions of important constructs should naturally emerge as researchers apply models more regularly, and these definitions and models will improve as researchers discover mathematical approaches that are suited to describing psychological processes.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"17456916261471413"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Sexually Objectifying Others Undermines Connection and Collaboration. 性物化他人如何破坏联系和合作。

IF 9.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2026-10-07 DOI: 10.1177/17456916261479948

Orly Bareket, Sarah Ariel Lamer, Susan T Fiske

{"title":"How Sexually Objectifying Others Undermines Connection and Collaboration.","authors":"Orly Bareket, Sarah Ariel Lamer, Susan T Fiske","doi":"10.1177/17456916261479948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916261479948","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual objectification is widely recognized as a driver of gender inequality, harming women by reducing them to bodies and undermining their agency. Yet psychological science has rarely asked a consequential question: Does sexual objectification also harm the individuals who objectify? In this theoretical article, we reframe objectification as not only oppressive but also self-undermining. Drawing from social, cognitive, organizational, and relationship science, we argue that objectifying others can compromise the capacity to form close relationships, collaborate effectively, and function well in social and professional life. These costs are traced to four mechanisms-cognitive load, face-body attentional trade-off, goal-based perception, and dehumanization. These mechanisms are proposed to operate as parallel, mutually reinforcing pathways that converge on social miscalibration. The framework further motivates a methodological agenda for studying objectification as a dynamic, dyadic process embedded in ongoing interaction. By foregrounding the objectifiers' costs, we extend existing theories and highlight objectification as a mode of social perception that degrades the very relationships and institutions on which objectifiers rely. Identifying these costs offers an additional reason to reduce objectification, one that complements rather than replaces concern for the harms it inflicts on targets.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"17456916261479948"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/17456916261470783

Carleigh Pace-Tonna, Manahil Murtaza, Terri Rodak, Norman Farb, William Ryan, Meng-Chuan Lai

{"title":"Flow and Similar Attentional States in Autism and ADHD: A Scoping Review of Similarities and Differences","authors":"Carleigh Pace-Tonna, Manahil Murtaza, Terri Rodak, Norman Farb, William Ryan, Meng-Chuan Lai","doi":"10.1177/17456916261470783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916261470783","url":null,"abstract":"Flow is a state of optimal engagement. Autistic individuals and individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) might have variations in flow-like experiences, such as hyperfocus, autistic inertia, and monotropism, that diverge from traditional or typical definitions. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, we systematically reviewed 43 publications, including empirical studies, reviews, and other literature, to examine these constructs. Results showed that attentional experiences associated with neurodivergence overlap with, but also differ notably from, typical flow. Autistic inertia hinders task initiation and transitions, in contrast to flow’s seamless engagement. Monotropism involves rigid, directed focus and repetitive, tenacious engagement, whereas flow allows for flexible adaptations to challenges. Hyperfocus is like flow regarding intense concentration and immersion but is often involuntary, lacks clear goals, and is associated with emotional dysregulation. Although commonalities exist across these attentional experiences, the greatest overlap occurs within autistic inertia, monotropism, and hyperfocus. Attention in autistic and ADHD individuals might be more dynamic than previously believed, with potential for transitions between these experiences. This fluidity can enhance focus and productivity but may also lead to negative outcomes, such as overly rigid fixation or difficulty engaging with and disengaging from tasks. Clarifying these differences and overlaps can inform tailored interventions and supports, helping neurodivergent individuals manage focus, reduce task-related stress, and optimize productivity.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149086519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social-Cognitive Frameworks for Understanding the Connection Between Social Isolation and Psychosis Risk 理解社会孤立与精神病风险之间联系的社会认知框架

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2026-09-30 DOI: 10.1177/17456916261479653

David Dodell-Feder, Katie Gibbs, Steven M. Silverstein, Diana I. Tamir

{"title":"Social-Cognitive Frameworks for Understanding the Connection Between Social Isolation and Psychosis Risk","authors":"David Dodell-Feder, Katie Gibbs, Steven M. Silverstein, Diana I. Tamir","doi":"10.1177/17456916261479653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916261479653","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing evidence demonstrates an association between social isolation and psychosis risk. In this perspective, we attempt to account for why that is. Drawing from work in social psychology, social neuroscience, and clinical psychological science, we present two frameworks for understanding the association between social isolation and psychosis risk: the “social-needs” framework and the “social-processing” framework. Social needs states that because of people’s inherent social needs, isolation produces increased social attention, perception, and thought to fill the social void, resulting in the perception of anomalous social information and social meaning. Social processing states that the lack of exposure to social stimuli during isolation diminishes social processing (i.e., social thought, social perceptions) and may lead isolated individuals to turn their attention inward, blurring internal and external worlds and intensifying self-focus in a way that creates reality-monitoring disturbances and anomalous self-experiences. Conveniently, these frameworks can be empirically arbitrated. We review the literature connecting social isolation to psychosis, describe the frameworks, their empirical support, and the predictions they make, and discuss clinical implications. Ultimately, a better accounting of isolation’s pro-psychotic effects might lead to better efforts at psychosis prevention.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":"272 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inclusion That Excludes: Rethinking the Ecological Model for Mental Disability Through Defensive Dynamics, Institutional Power, and Capital Asymmetries. 包容即排斥：通过防御动力、制度权力和资本不对称重新思考精神残疾的生态模型。

IF 9.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2026-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/17456916261474857

Miriam Belluzzo, Giorgia Tiscini

{"title":"Inclusion That Excludes: Rethinking the Ecological Model for Mental Disability Through Defensive Dynamics, Institutional Power, and Capital Asymmetries.","authors":"Miriam Belluzzo, Giorgia Tiscini","doi":"10.1177/17456916261474857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916261474857","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers a critical reworking of ecological and social-ecological models as applied to intellectual and developmental disabilities, autism, and severe mental illness. Drawing on a qualitative synthesis of 18 studies, we show that ecological frameworks are predominantly used as descriptive mapping devices, that power and inequalities enter analyses in partial and fragmented ways, and that intersystemic connections often generate formally inclusive yet experientially exclusionary arrangements. To address these limitations, we propose an Integrated Ecological Model for Mental Disability, which retains Bronfenbrenner's multilevel architecture but introduces four structural extensions: asymmetry of reciprocity in the microsystem, the defensive mesosystem, capital-modulated exosystemic permeability, and the performative and normalizing exosystem. These concepts integrate Bourdieu's theory of capital and field, Foucault's genealogy of dispositifs,1 and group psychoanalysis, and they are grounded in recurrent patterns observed across school transitions, family-service relations, residential services, and autism employment programs. The framework has implications for research designs that move beyond barriers and facilitators for multilevel clinical and educational interventions, and for normative debates on relational justice and psychopolitical validity in mental-disability policy.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"17456916261474857"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What We Talk About When We Talk About Empathy: Toward a Common Lexicon of Empathy-Related Constructs 当我们谈论移情时，我们在谈论什么：关于移情相关构念的共同词汇

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2026-09-25 DOI: 10.1177/17456916261443519

Mark H. Davis, Sara Konrath, Fritz Breithaupt, C. Daryl Cameron, Jean Decety, Frans B. M. de Waal, Nancy Eisenberg, Judith A. Hall, Sara D. Hodges, Suzanne Keen, Birgit Koopmann-Holm, Heidi L. Maibom, Stephanie D. Preston, Jacquie D. Vorauer, Jamil Zaki

{"title":"What We Talk About When We Talk About Empathy: Toward a Common Lexicon of Empathy-Related Constructs","authors":"Mark H. Davis, Sara Konrath, Fritz Breithaupt, C. Daryl Cameron, Jean Decety, Frans B. M. de Waal, Nancy Eisenberg, Judith A. Hall, Sara D. Hodges, Suzanne Keen, Birgit Koopmann-Holm, Heidi L. Maibom, Stephanie D. Preston, Jacquie D. Vorauer, Jamil Zaki","doi":"10.1177/17456916261443519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916261443519","url":null,"abstract":"Almost since the term “empathy” was coined, there has been scholarly disagreement about its meaning. Today it can best be viewed as an umbrella term encompassing a host of more specific constructs, almost all of which are regularly referred to as “empathy” in some form or fashion. Promiscuous use of this global label to denote very different constructs has impaired communication among and between scholars, practitioners, and the general public. A team of 15 empathy scholars assessed this issue and created a lexicon for these specific lower-order constructs. In this article we report the result of this effort. The lower-order constructs making up this lexicon are vicarious affect , emotional contagion , emotion co-sharing , sympathy / compassion , personal distress , perspective taking , accurate inference , mimicry , synchrony , projection , and transportation . We recommend that this more specific language be used more frequently and that the umbrella term “empathy” be used more sparingly.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149043475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Developing Aesthetic Brain and Its Social Origins. 发展中的审美大脑及其社会根源。

IF 9.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2026-09-24 DOI: 10.1177/17456916261473855

Tobias Grossmann

{"title":"The Developing Aesthetic Brain and Its Social Origins.","authors":"Tobias Grossmann","doi":"10.1177/17456916261473855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916261473855","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroaesthetics has mapped the mature brain networks underlying aesthetic experience but lacks a developmental mechanism explaining how these networks become tuned to produce culturally specific preferences. The developmental-neuroaesthetics framework developed here centers on a two-system model: biological perceptual primitives (System A) and socially gated cultural tuning (System B). Cultural aesthetics are acquired through social gating during infancy, via mechanisms analogous to language acquisition. This process leverages infant-directed pedagogical signals and shared experience to flag culturally specific stimuli for affective learning. Neuroimaging evidence demonstrates that the infant medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a specialized role in social perception from early in life, serving as the ontogenetic foundation for the adult mPFC's aesthetic-valuation system. Interbrain synchrony during adult-infant interactions may provide a candidate mechanism through which shared experiences support aesthetic-value learning. The default mode network, of which the mPFC is a core component, is itself shaped by early social interaction, linking social experience directly to the neural substrate of aesthetic valuation. This framework reconciles cultural diversity with biological universals, generating testable predictions linking early social-neural responsivity to later cultural-aesthetic conformity.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"17456916261473855"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0