Perspectives on Psychological Science最新文献_第2页

Experimental Therapeutics: Opportunities and Challenges Stemming From the National Institute of Mental Health Workshop on Novel Target Discovery and Psychosocial Intervention Development. 实验疗法:来自国家精神卫生研究所新目标发现和社会心理干预发展研讨会的机遇和挑战。

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231197980

Nancy L Zucker, Gregory P Strauss, Joshua M Smyth, K Suzanne Scherf, Melissa A Brotman, Rhonda C Boyd, Jimmy Choi, Maria Davila, Olusola A Ajilore, Faith Gunning, Julie B Schweitzer

{"title":"Experimental Therapeutics: Opportunities and Challenges Stemming From the National Institute of Mental Health Workshop on Novel Target Discovery and Psychosocial Intervention Development.","authors":"Nancy L Zucker, Gregory P Strauss, Joshua M Smyth, K Suzanne Scherf, Melissa A Brotman, Rhonda C Boyd, Jimmy Choi, Maria Davila, Olusola A Ajilore, Faith Gunning, Julie B Schweitzer","doi":"10.1177/17456916231197980","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231197980","url":null,"abstract":"There has been slow progress in the development of interventions that prevent and/or reduce mental-health morbidity and mortality. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) launched an experimental-therapeutics initiative with the goal of accelerating the development of effective interventions. The emphasis is on interventions designed to engage a target mechanism. A target mechanism is a process (e.g., behavioral, neurobiological) proposed to underlie change in a defined clinical endpoint and through change in which an intervention exerts its effect. This article is based on discussions from an NIMH workshop conducted in February 2020 and subsequent conversations among researchers using this approach. We discuss the components of an experimental-therapeutics approach such as clinical-outcome selection, target definition and measurement, intervention design and selection, and implementation of a team-science strategy. We emphasize the important contributions of different constituencies (e.g., patients, caregivers, providers) in deriving hypotheses about novel target mechanisms. We highlight strategies for target-mechanism identification using published and hypothetical examples. We consider the decision-making dilemmas that arise with different patterns of results in purported mechanisms and clinical outcomes. We end with considerations of the practical challenges of this approach and the implications for future directions of this initiative.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"485-502"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11039571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50158497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond Right and Wrong: Fostering Connection in Emotion Theory Debates 超越对错：在情感理论辩论中促进联系

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1177/17456916251319042

Karlijn van Heijst, Annemie Ploeger, Mariska E. Kret

引用次数: 0

Information Avoidance: Past Perspectives and Future Directions. 信息回避：过去的观点和未来的方向。

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231197668

Jeremy L Foust, Jennifer M Taber

{"title":"Information Avoidance: Past Perspectives and Future Directions.","authors":"Jeremy L Foust, Jennifer M Taber","doi":"10.1177/17456916231197668","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231197668","url":null,"abstract":"In the present age of unprecedented access to information, it is important to understand how and why people avoid information. Multiple definitions of \"information avoidance\" exist, and key aspects of these definitions deserve attention, such as distinguishing information avoidance from (lack of) information seeking, considering the intentionality and temporal nature of information avoidance, and considering the personal relevance of the information. In this review, we provide a cross-disciplinary historical account of theories and empirical research on information avoidance and seeking, drawing from research in multiple fields. We provide a framework of antecedents of information avoidance, categorized into beliefs about the information (e.g., risk perceptions), beliefs about oneself (e.g., coping resources), and social and situational factors (e.g., social norms), noting that constructs across categories overlap and are intertwined. We suggest that research is needed on both positive and negative consequences of information avoidance and on interventions to reduce information avoidance (when appropriate). Research is also needed to better understand temporal dynamics of information avoidance and how it manifests in everyday life. Finally, comprehensive theoretical models are needed that differentiate avoidance from seeking. Research on information avoidance is quickly expanding, and the topic will only grow in importance.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"241-263"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41208128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diminished State Space Theory of Human Aging. 人类衰老的状态空间递减理论。

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231204811

Ben Eppinger, Alexa Ruel, Florian Bolenz

引用次数: 0

Toward an Integrative Approach to the Study of Positive-Affect-Related Aggression. 积极情感相关攻击研究的综合方法。

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231200421

Joyce Emma Quansah, Jean Gagnon

{"title":"Toward an Integrative Approach to the Study of Positive-Affect-Related Aggression.","authors":"Joyce Emma Quansah, Jean Gagnon","doi":"10.1177/17456916231200421","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231200421","url":null,"abstract":"Research on aggression usually aims at gaining a better understanding of its more negative aspects, such as the role and effects of aversive social interactions, hostile cognitions, or negative affect. However, there are conditions under which an act of aggression can elicit a positive affective response, even among the most nonviolent of individuals. One might experience the \"sweetness of revenge\" on reacting aggressively to a betrayal or social rejection. A soldier may feel elated after \"shooting to kill\" in the name of the flag. There are many factors that contribute to the appeal of aggression, but despite growing interest in researching these phenomena, there is still no unitary framework that organizes existing theories and empirical findings and can be applied to a model to generate testable hypotheses. This article presents a narrative review of the literature on positive-affect-related forms of aggression and explores the role of aggression in eliciting positive affect across diverse social situations and relational contexts. An integrative model that unifies existing theories and findings is proposed, with the objective to inspire and inform future research.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"357-370"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71484666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Challenge to Orthodoxy in Psychology: Thomas Sowell and Social Justice. 心理学对正统的挑战：托马斯·索威尔与社会正义。

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231203204

William O'Donohue, Nina C Silander, Craig L Frisby, Jane E Fisher

{"title":"A Challenge to Orthodoxy in Psychology: Thomas Sowell and Social Justice.","authors":"William O'Donohue, Nina C Silander, Craig L Frisby, Jane E Fisher","doi":"10.1177/17456916231203204","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231203204","url":null,"abstract":"Psychologists address social-justice problems in their research and applied work, and their scholarly efforts have been influenced by assumptions, constructs, and hypotheses from the political left. Recently, some psychologists have called for increased intellectual and political diversity in psychology, particularly as such diversity may lead to improved problem-solving. As an attempt to increase intellectual diversity in psychology, we review here the scholarship of Thomas Sowell. His work represents a rich source of hypotheses for psychologists' future research. We focus on his views on the importance of freedom; the extent to which reforms can reduce freedom; the importance of free markets to human flourishing; the role of free markets in producing costs for discrimination; the way spontaneously ordered systems can contain knowledge that can be overlooked in reforms; and the importance of culture and cultural capital. We will also discuss Sowell's more thoroughgoing economic analyses of problems and solutions and his analyses of contingencies operating on politicians and reformers, as well as his views on conflicts in fundamental visions about human nature and the pivotal role of improvements in minority education.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"290-307"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71425776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Repositioning Construct Validity Theory: From Nomological Networks to Pragmatic Theories and Their Evaluation by Explanatory Means. 重新定位构效理论：从名词网络到语用理论及其解释性评价。

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231195852

Brian D Haig

{"title":"Repositioning Construct Validity Theory: From Nomological Networks to Pragmatic Theories and Their Evaluation by Explanatory Means.","authors":"Brian D Haig","doi":"10.1177/17456916231195852","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231195852","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I argue for a number of important changes to the conceptual foundations of construct validity theory. I begin by suggesting that construct validity theorists should shift their attention from the validation of constructs to the process of evaluating scientific theories. This shift in focus is facilitated by distinguishing construct validation (understood as theory evaluation) from test validation, thereby freeing it from its long-standing focus on psychological measurement. In repositioning construct validity theory in this way, researchers should jettison the outmoded but superficially popular notion that theories are nomological networks in favor of a more plausible pragmatic view of their natures, such as the idea that theories are explanatorily coherent networks. Consistent with this shift in understanding the nature of theories, my recommendation is that construct validation should embrace an explanationist perspective on the theory evaluation process to complement its focus on hypothetico-deductive theory testing. On this view, abductive research methods have an important role to play. The revisionist perspective on construct validity proposed here is discussed in light of relevant developments in scientific methodology and is applied to an influential account of the validation process that has shaped research practice.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"340-356"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71522299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The State of Cognitive Control in Language Processing. 语言加工中的认知控制状态。

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231197122

Tal Ness, Valerie J Langlois, Albert E Kim, Jared M Novick

{"title":"The State of Cognitive Control in Language Processing.","authors":"Tal Ness, Valerie J Langlois, Albert E Kim, Jared M Novick","doi":"10.1177/17456916231197122","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231197122","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding language requires readers and listeners to cull meaning from fast-unfolding messages that often contain conflicting cues pointing to incompatible ways of interpreting the input (e.g., \"The cat was chased by the mouse\"). This article reviews mounting evidence from multiple methods demonstrating that cognitive control plays an essential role in resolving conflict during language comprehension. How does cognitive control accomplish this task? Psycholinguistic proposals have conspicuously failed to address this question. We introduce an account in which cognitive control aids language processing when cues conflict by sending top-down biasing signals that strengthen the interpretation supported by the most reliable evidence available. We also provide a computationally plausible model that solves the critical problem of how cognitive control \"knows\" which way to direct its biasing signal by allowing linguistic knowledge itself to issue crucial guidance. Such a mental architecture can explain a range of experimental findings, including how moment-to-moment shifts in cognitive-control state-its level of activity within a person-directly impact how quickly and successfully language comprehension is achieved.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"219-240"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41208130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding Sensory-Motor Disorders in Autism Spectrum Disorders by Extending Hebbian Theory: Formation of a Rigid-Autonomous Phase Sequence. 通过扩展Hebbian理论理解自闭症谱系障碍中的感觉运动障碍：刚性自主相序的形成。

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231202674

Eiichi Nojiri, Kenkichi Takase

{"title":"Understanding Sensory-Motor Disorders in Autism Spectrum Disorders by Extending Hebbian Theory: Formation of a Rigid-Autonomous Phase Sequence.","authors":"Eiichi Nojiri, Kenkichi Takase","doi":"10.1177/17456916231202674","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231202674","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum disorder is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. The symptoms invariably appear in early childhood and cause significant impairment in social, occupational, and other important functions. Various abnormalities in the genetic, neurological, and endocrine systems of patients with autism spectrum disorder have been reported as the etiology; however, no clear factor leading to the onset of the disease has been identified. Additionally, higher order cognitive dysfunctions, which are represented by a lack of theory of mind, sensorimotor disorders, and memory-related disorders (e.g., flashbacks), have been reported in recent years, but no theoretical framework has been proposed to explain these behavioral abnormalities. In this study, we extended Hebb's biopsychology theory to provide a theoretical framework that comprehensively explains the various behavioral abnormalities observed in autism spectrum disorder. Specifically, we propose that a wide range of symptoms in autism spectrum disorder may be caused by the formation of a rigid-autonomous phase sequence (RAPS) in the brain. Using the RAPS formation theory, we propose a biopsychological mechanism that could be a target for the treatment of autism spectrum disorders.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"276-289"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71425796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Memory of Fictional Information: A Theoretical Framework. 小说信息记忆：一个理论框架。

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231202500

Pierre Gander, Kata Szita, Andreas Falck, Robert Lowe

{"title":"Memory of Fictional Information: A Theoretical Framework.","authors":"Pierre Gander, Kata Szita, Andreas Falck, Robert Lowe","doi":"10.1177/17456916231202500","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231202500","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the information people encounter in everyday life is not factual; it originates from fictional sources, such as movies, novels, and video games, and from direct experience such as pretense, role-playing, and everyday conversation. Despite the recent increase in research on fiction, there is no theoretical account of how memory of fictional information is related to other types of memory or of which mechanisms allow people to separate fact and fiction in memory. We present a theoretical framework that places memory of fiction in relation to other cognitive phenomena as a distinct construct and argue that it is an essential component for any general theory of human memory. We show how fictionality can be integrated in an existing memory model by extending Rubin's dimensional conceptual memory model. By this means, our model can account for explicit and implicit memory of fictional information of events, places, characters, and objects. Further, we propose a set of mechanisms involving various degrees of complexity and levels of conscious processing that mostly keep fact and fiction separated but also allow information from fiction to influence real-world attitudes and beliefs: content-based reasoning, source monitoring, and an associative link from the memory to the concept of fiction.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"308-324"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71425795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0