Perspectives on Psychological Science最新文献_第10页

The Burden for High-Quality Online Data Collection Lies With Researchers, Not Recruitment Platforms 高质量在线数据收集的责任在于研究人员，而非招聘平台

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1177/17456916241242734

Christine Cuskley, Justin Sulik

{"title":"The Burden for High-Quality Online Data Collection Lies With Researchers, Not Recruitment Platforms","authors":"Christine Cuskley, Justin Sulik","doi":"10.1177/17456916241242734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916241242734","url":null,"abstract":"A recent article in Perspectives on Psychological Science (Webb & Tangney, 2022) reported a study in which just 2.6% of participants recruited on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) were deemed “valid.” The authors highlighted some well-established limitations of MTurk, but their central claims—that MTurk is “too good to be true” and that it captured “only 14 human beings . . . [out of] N = 529”—are radically misleading, yet have been repeated widely. This commentary aims to (a) correct the record (i.e., by showing that Webb and Tangney’s approach to data collection led to unusually low data quality) and (b) offer a shift in perspective for running high-quality studies online. Negative attitudes toward MTurk sometimes reflect a fundamental misunderstanding of what the platform offers and how it should be used in research. Beyond pointing to research that details strategies for effective design and recruitment on MTurk, we stress that MTurk is not suitable for every study. Effective use requires specific expertise and design considerations. Like all tools used in research—from advanced hardware to specialist software—the tool itself places constraints on what one should use it for. Ultimately, high-quality data is the responsibility of the researcher, not the crowdsourcing platform.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140636777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New Insights on Expert Opinion About Eyewitness Memory Research 关于目击者记忆研究专家意见的新见解

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1177/17456916241234837

Travis M. Seale-Carlisle, Adele Quigley-McBride, Jennifer E. F. Teitcher, William E. Crozier, Chad S. Dodson, Brandon L. Garrett

{"title":"New Insights on Expert Opinion About Eyewitness Memory Research","authors":"Travis M. Seale-Carlisle, Adele Quigley-McBride, Jennifer E. F. Teitcher, William E. Crozier, Chad S. Dodson, Brandon L. Garrett","doi":"10.1177/17456916241234837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916241234837","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental psychologists investigating eyewitness memory have periodically gathered their thoughts on a variety of eyewitness memory phenomena. Courts and other stakeholders of eyewitness research rely on the expert opinions reflected in these surveys to make informed decisions. However, the last survey of this sort was published more than 20 years ago, and the science of eyewitness memory has developed since that time. Stakeholders need a current database of expert opinions to make informed decisions. In this article, we provide that update. We surveyed 76 scientists for their opinions on eyewitness memory phenomena. We compared these current expert opinions to expert opinions from the past several decades. We found that experts today share many of the same opinions as experts in the past and have more nuanced thoughts about two issues. Experts in the past endorsed the idea that confidence is weakly related to accuracy, but experts today acknowledge the potential diagnostic value of initial confidence collected from a properly administered lineup. In addition, experts in the past may have favored sequential over simultaneous lineup presentation, but experts today are divided on this issue. We believe this new survey will prove useful to the court and to other stakeholders of eyewitness research.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":"210 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140620465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"When" Versus "Whether" Gender/Sex Differences: Insights From Psychological Research on Negotiation, Risk-Taking, and Leadership. 性别/性别差异的 "何时 "与 "是否"：谈判、冒险和领导力心理学研究的启示》。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1177/17456916241231584

Hannah R Bowles, Jens Mazei, Heidi H Liu

{"title":"\"When\" Versus \"Whether\" Gender/Sex Differences: Insights From Psychological Research on Negotiation, Risk-Taking, and Leadership.","authors":"Hannah R Bowles, Jens Mazei, Heidi H Liu","doi":"10.1177/17456916241231584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916241231584","url":null,"abstract":"We present a conceptual framework of situational moderators of gender/sex effects in negotiation, risk-taking, and leadership-three masculine-stereotypic domains associated with gender/sex gaps in pay and authority. We propose that greater situational ambiguity and higher relevance and salience of gender/sex increase the likelihood of gender/sex-linked behaviors in these domains. We argue that greater ambiguity increases the extent to which actors and audiences must search inwardly (e.g., mental schema, past experience) or outwardly (e.g., social norms) for cues on how to behave or evaluate a situation and thereby widens the door for gender/sex-linked influences. Correspondingly, we propose that gender/sex effects on behavior and evaluations in these domains will be more likely when gender/sex is more relevant and salient to the setting or task. We propose further that these two situational moderators may work jointly or interactively to influence the likelihood of gender/sex effects in negotiation, risk-taking, and leadership. We conclude by discussing applications of our conceptual framework to psychological science and its translation to practice, including directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"17456916241231584"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140158718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Communities of Knowledge in Trouble. 陷入困境的知识社群。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231187997

Nathaniel Rabb, Mugur Geana, Steven Sloman

{"title":"Communities of Knowledge in Trouble.","authors":"Nathaniel Rabb, Mugur Geana, Steven Sloman","doi":"10.1177/17456916231187997","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231187997","url":null,"abstract":"The community-of-knowledge framework explains the extraordinary success of the human species, despite individual members' demonstrably shallow understanding of many topics, by appealing to outsourcing. People follow the cues of members of their community because understanding of phenomena is generally distributed across the group. Typically, communities do possess the relevant knowledge, but it is possible in principle for communities to send cues despite lacking knowledge-a weakness in the system's design. COVID-19 in the United States offered a natural experiment in collective-knowledge development because a novel phenomenon arrived at a moment of intense division in political partisanship. We review evidence from the pandemic showing that the thought leaders of the two partisan groups sent radically different messages about COVID, which were, in turn, reinforced by close community members (family, friends, etc.). We show that although actual understanding of the individual plays a role in a key COVID-mitigation behavior (vaccination), it plays a smaller role than perceived understanding of thought leaders and beliefs about COVID-related behaviors of close community members. We discuss implications for theory and practice when all communities are in the same epistemic circumstance-relying on the testimony of others.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"432-443"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9965241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Crowds Can Effectively Identify Misinformation at Scale. 群众能有效识别大规模的错误信息。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231190388

Cameron Martel, Jennifer Allen, Gordon Pennycook, David G Rand

引用次数: 0

The Psychology of Collectives. 集体心理学。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231201139

David Garcia, Mirta Galesic, Henrik Olsson

引用次数: 0

A Network Approach to Investigate the Dynamics of Individual and Collective Beliefs: Advances and Applications of the BENDING Model. 研究个人和集体信念动态的网络方法：BENDING 模型的进展与应用》。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231185776

Madalina Vlasceanu, Ari M Dyckovsky, Alin Coman

引用次数: 0

Understanding Collective Intelligence: Investigating the Role of Collective Memory, Attention, and Reasoning Processes. 理解集体智慧：研究集体记忆、注意力和推理过程的作用。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231191534

Anita Williams Woolley, Pranav Gupta

{"title":"Understanding Collective Intelligence: Investigating the Role of Collective Memory, Attention, and Reasoning Processes.","authors":"Anita Williams Woolley, Pranav Gupta","doi":"10.1177/17456916231191534","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231191534","url":null,"abstract":"As society has come to rely on groups and technology to address many of its most challenging problems, there is a growing need to understand how technology-enabled, distributed, and dynamic collectives can be designed to solve a wide range of problems over time in the face of complex and changing environmental conditions-an ability we define as \"collective intelligence.\" We describe recent research on the Transaction Systems Model of Collective Intelligence (TSM-CI) that integrates literature from diverse areas of psychology to conceptualize the underpinnings of collective intelligence. The TSM-CI articulates the development and mutual adaptation of transactive memory, transactive attention, and transactive reasoning systems that together support the emergence and maintenance of collective intelligence. We also review related research on computational indicators of transactive-system functioning based on collaborative process behaviors that enable agent-based teammates to diagnose and potentially intervene to address developing issues. We conclude by discussing future directions in developing the TSM-CI to support research on developing collective human-machine intelligence and to identify ways to design technology to enhance it.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"344-354"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10114220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Emerging Science of Interacting Minds. 互动思维的新兴科学

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231200177

Thalia Wheatley, Mark A Thornton, Arjen Stolk, Luke J Chang

引用次数: 0

Polarization and the Psychology of Collectives. 两极分化与集体心理学。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231186614

Simon A Levin, Elke U Weber

引用次数: 0