Journal of Experimental Psychology: General最新文献

Bypassing versus correcting misinformation: Efficacy and fundamental processes. 绕过与纠正错误信息：功效和基本过程。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001687

Javier A Granados Samayoa, Dolores Albarracín

{"title":"Bypassing versus correcting misinformation: Efficacy and fundamental processes.","authors":"Javier A Granados Samayoa, Dolores Albarracín","doi":"10.1037/xge0001687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001687","url":null,"abstract":"The standard method for addressing the consequences of misinformation is the provision of a correction in which the misinformation is directly refuted. However, the impact of misinformation may also be successfully addressed by introducing or bolstering alternative beliefs with opposite evaluative implications. Six preregistered experiments clarified important processes influencing the impact of bypassing versus correcting misinformation via negation. First, we find that, following exposure to misinformation, bypassing generally changes people's attitudes and intentions more than correction in the form of a simple negation. Second, this relative advantage is not a function of the depth at which information is processed but rather the degree to which people form attitudes or beliefs when they receive the misinformation. When people form attitudes when they first receive the misinformation, bypassing has no advantage over corrections, likely owing to anchoring. In contrast, when individuals focus on the accuracy of the statements and form beliefs, bypassing is significantly more successful at changing their attitudes because these attitudes are constructed based on expectancy-value principles, while misinformation continues to influence attitudes after correction. Broader implications of this work are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shortcuts to insincerity: Texting abbreviations seem insincere and not worth answering. 不真诚的捷径：短信缩写显得不真诚，不值得回复。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001684

David Fang, Yiran Eileen Zhang, Sam J Maglio

引用次数: 0

Risky hybrid foraging: The impact of risk, reward value, and prevalence on foraging behavior in hybrid visual search. 风险混合觅食：混合视觉搜索中风险、奖励价值和普遍性对觅食行为的影响。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001652

Yanjun Liu, Jeremy M Wolfe, Jennifer S Trueblood

引用次数: 0

Confidence regulates feedback processing during human probabilistic learning. 信心调节人类概率学习过程中的反馈处理。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001669

Michael Ben Yehuda, Robin A Murphy, Mike E Le Pelley, Danielle J Navarro, Nick Yeung

{"title":"Confidence regulates feedback processing during human probabilistic learning.","authors":"Michael Ben Yehuda, Robin A Murphy, Mike E Le Pelley, Danielle J Navarro, Nick Yeung","doi":"10.1037/xge0001669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001669","url":null,"abstract":"Uncertainty presents a key challenge when learning how best to act to attain a desired outcome. People can report uncertainty in the form of confidence judgments, but how such judgments contribute to learning and subsequent decisions remains unclear. In a series of three experiments employing an operant learning task, we tested the hypothesis that confidence plays a central role in learning by regulating resource allocation to the seeking and processing of feedback. We predicted that, as participants' confidence in their task knowledge grew, they would discount feedback when it was provided and be correspondingly less willing to pay for it when it was costly. Consistent with these predictions, we found that higher confidence was associated with reduced electrophysiological markers of feedback processing and decreased updating of beliefs following feedback receipt. Bayesian modeling suggests that this decrease in processing was due to a drop in the expected informative value of novel information when participants were highly confident. Thus, when choosing whether to pay a fee to receive further feedback, participants' subjective confidence, rather than the objective accuracy of their decisions, guided their choices. Overall, our results suggest that confidence regulates learning and subsequent decision making. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recognizing the beauty in diversity: Exposure to body-positive content on social media broadens women's concept of ideal body weight. 认识到多样性的美：社交媒体上积极正面的身体内容扩大了女性对理想体重的概念。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001397

Jan-Philipp Stein, Sophie Scheufen, Markus Appel

引用次数: 0

The developmental trajectories of children's reorientation to global and local properties of environmental geometry. 儿童对环境几何的整体和局部特性进行重新定位的发展轨迹。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-04 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001265

Matthew G Buckley, Luke J Holden, Alastair D Smith, Mark Haselgrove

{"title":"The developmental trajectories of children's reorientation to global and local properties of environmental geometry.","authors":"Matthew G Buckley, Luke J Holden, Alastair D Smith, Mark Haselgrove","doi":"10.1037/xge0001265","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001265","url":null,"abstract":"The way in which organisms represent the shape of their environments during navigation has been debated in cognitive, comparative, and developmental psychology. While there is evidence that adult humans encode the entire boundary shape of an environment (a global-shape representation), there are also data demonstrating that organisms reorient using only segments of the boundary that signal a goal location (a local-shape representation). Developmental studies offer unique insights into this debate; however, most studies have used designs that cannot dissociate the type of boundary-shape representation that children use to guide reorientation. Thus, we examined the developmental trajectories of children's reorientation according to local and global boundary shape. Participants aged 6-12 years were trained to find a goal hidden in one corner of a virtual arena, after which they were required to reorient in a novel test arena. From 10.5 years, children performed above chance when the test arena permitted reorientation based only on local-shape (Experiment 2), or only global-shape (Experiment 3) information. Moreover, when these responses were placed into conflict, older children reoriented with respect to global-shape information (Experiment 4). These age-related findings were not due to older children being better able to reorient in virtual environments per se: when trained and tested within the same environment (Experiment 1), children performed above chance from 6 years. Together, our results suggest (a) the ability to reorient on the basis of global- and local-shape representations develops in parallel, and (b) shape-based information is weighted to determine which representation informs reorientation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"889-912"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11115358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9352746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The adaptive flexibility of rhythmic attentional sampling in attending to multiple targets. 注意多个目标时节奏注意取样的适应灵活性。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001468

Yong Jiang, Sheng He, Jiedong Zhang

{"title":"The adaptive flexibility of rhythmic attentional sampling in attending to multiple targets.","authors":"Yong Jiang, Sheng He, Jiedong Zhang","doi":"10.1037/xge0001468","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001468","url":null,"abstract":"Recent behavioral and neural imaging studies revealed a rhythmic sampling in the theta-band (3-8 Hz) of attention. Such observation indicates that visual attention sequentially visits attended locations rapidly and periodically to cover multiple spatial locations, which is believed driven by a general sampling mechanism with a sampling rate invariant to the number of targets. However, a general sampling mechanism with a fixed rate would lead to the consequence that it would take longer time for attention to revisit the same item when attention needs to cover more items, which could impair perceptual continuity. It is unclear whether and how the attentional sampling mechanism can flexibly adapt to varying task demand to balance between covering more items and maintaining stable perception. Here with five behavioral experiments, we investigated how the sequential sampling mechanism adapts to the need of attending to from one to four locations. With state-of-the-art analysis methods, results show clear evidence of sequential sampling in attending to multiple locations, that both theta-band oscillations and phase-shift among different locations were observed in the behavioral performance. At each location, the oscillation period increased when the attended locations increased from one to three, maintaining a relatively stable attention-dwelling time at each location. Critically, oscillation period remained essentially the same from three to four, suggesting a flexible task-driven acceleration of attentional sampling to keep the revisiting duration within a reasonable range. Thus, our results reveal that the generally stable rhythmic attention mechanism could flexibly adjust its sampling rate to accommodate increased attentional demands. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"26-37"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10231034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Judgments during perceptual comparisons predict distinct forms of memory updating. 知觉比较过程中的判断预示着不同形式的记忆更新。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001469

Joseph M Saito, Gi-Yeul Bae, Keisuke Fukuda

{"title":"Judgments during perceptual comparisons predict distinct forms of memory updating.","authors":"Joseph M Saito, Gi-Yeul Bae, Keisuke Fukuda","doi":"10.1037/xge0001469","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001469","url":null,"abstract":"Comparing a visual memory with new visual stimuli can bias memory content, especially when the new stimuli are perceived as similar. Perceptual comparisons of this kind may play a mechanistic role in memory updating and can explain how memories can become erroneous in daily life. To test this possibility, we investigated whether comparisons can produce other types of memory distortion beyond memory bias that are commonly implicated in erroneous memories (e.g., memory misattribution). We hypothesized that the type of memory distortion induced during a comparison depends on the perceived overlap between the memory and incoming stimulus-when the input is perceived as similar, it biases memory content; when perceived as the same, it replaces memory content. Participants completed a delayed estimation task in which they compared their memories of color (Experiment 1) and shape stimuli (Experiment 2) to probe stimuli before reporting memory content. We found systematic errors in participants' memory reports following perceived similarity and sameness that were toward the probes and larger following perceived sameness. Simulations confirmed that these errors were not explained by noisy encoding processes that occurred before comparisons. Instead, computational modeling suggested that these errors were likely explained by the probabilistic replacement of the memory by the probe following perceived sameness and integration between the memory and the probe following perceived similarity. Together, these findings suggest that perceptual comparisons can prompt distinct forms of memory updating that have been described previously and may explain how memories become erroneous during their use in everyday behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"38-55"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10122670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Object-based encoding constrains storage in visual working memory. 基于对象的编码限制了视觉工作记忆中的存储。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001479

William X Q Ngiam, Krystian B Loetscher, Edward Awh

{"title":"Object-based encoding constrains storage in visual working memory.","authors":"William X Q Ngiam, Krystian B Loetscher, Edward Awh","doi":"10.1037/xge0001479","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001479","url":null,"abstract":"The fundamental unit of visual working memory (WM) has been debated for decades. WM could be object-based, such that capacity is set by the number of individuated objects, or feature-based, such that capacity is determined by the total number of feature values stored. The present work examined whether object- or feature-based models would best explain how multifeature objects (i.e., color/orientation or color/shape) are encoded into visual WM. If maximum capacity is limited by the number of individuated objects, then above-chance performance should be restricted to the same number of items as in a single-feature condition. By contrast, if the capacity is determined by independent storage resources for distinct features-without respect to the objects that contain those features-then successful storage of feature values could be distributed across a larger number of objects than when only a single feature is relevant. We conducted four experiments using a whole-report task in which subjects reported both features from every item in a six-item array. The crucial finding was that above-chance recall-for both single- and multifeatured objects-was restricted to the first three or four responses, while the later responses were best modeled as guesses. Thus, whole-report with multifeature objects reveals a distribution of recalled features that indicates an object-based limit on WM capacity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"86-101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10840914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10554851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immediate cross-language transfer of novel articulatory plans in bilingual speech. 双语语音中新颖发音计划的即时跨语言转移。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001456

Douglas M Shiller, Sarah Bobbitt, Daniel R Lametti

{"title":"Immediate cross-language transfer of novel articulatory plans in bilingual speech.","authors":"Douglas M Shiller, Sarah Bobbitt, Daniel R Lametti","doi":"10.1037/xge0001456","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001456","url":null,"abstract":"Current models of second language (L2) acquisition focus on interactions with a first language (L1) at the level of speech sound targets. In multilinguals, the degree of interaction between the articulatory plans that guide speech in each language remains unclear. Here, we directly address this question in bilingual speakers. We use a sensorimotor adaptation paradigm to drive the acquisition of novel articulatory plans for speech in one language and then measure the extent to which these new motor plans influence articulatory plans in the speaker's other language. Twenty L1-French, L2-English bilinguals adapted their speech production to a real-time alteration of vowel sounds. In one session, the adaptation was acquired during French sentence production; in a second session, the adaptation was acquired during English sentence production. In each session, cross-language transfer of these novel articulatory plans for speech was assessed using a transfer task that involved the production of French and English words with heavily noise-masked auditory feedback. Sensorimotor adaptation that countered the vowel sound alteration was observed in both French and English. Regardless of the linguistic context in which the adaptation was acquired, the adaptation transferred to the production of words in both languages. The amount of transfer did not depend on whether the adaptation was acquired in the participant's L1 or L2. In a second experiment, the result was replicated with 20 L1-English, L2-French speakers. The experiments support the idea that, in bilinguals, the interaction between L1 and L2 articulatory motor plans is rapid and bidirectional. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"15-25"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10321000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0