Journal of Experimental Psychology: General最新文献

{"title":"BERTAgent: The development of a novel tool to quantify agency in textual data.","authors":"Jan Nikadon, Caterina Suitner, Tomaso Erseghe, Lejla Džanko, Magdalena Formanowicz","doi":"10.1037/xge0001740","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pertaining to goal orientation and achievement, agency is a fundamental aspect of human cognition and behavior. Accordingly, detecting and quantifying linguistic encoding of agency are critical for the analysis of human actions, interactions, and social dynamics. Available agency-quantifying computational tools rely on word-counting methods, which typically are insensitive to the semantic context in which the words are used and consequently prone to miscoding, for example, in case of polysemy. Additionally, some currently available tools do not take into account differences in the intensity and directionality of agency. In order to overcome these shortcomings, we present BERTAgent, a novel tool to quantify semantic agency in text. BERTAgent is a computational language model that utilizes the transformers architecture, a popular deep learning approach to natural language processing. BERTAgent was fine-tuned using textual data that were evaluated by human coders with respect to the level of conveyed agency. In four validation studies, BERTAgent exhibits improved convergent and discriminant validity compared to previous solutions. Additionally, the detailed description of BERTAgent's development procedure serves as a tutorial for the advancement of similar tools, providing a blueprint for leveraging the existing lexicographical data sets in conjunction with the deep learning techniques in order to detect and quantify other psychological constructs in textual data. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"1855-1877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaborative recall changes the global organization of memory: A representational similarity analysis of social influences on individual and collective memory organization.","authors":"Jingwen Jin, Hae-Yoon Choi, Garrett D Greeley, Nicholas W Pepe, Elizabeth A Kensinger, Aprajita Mohanty, Suparna Rajaram","doi":"10.1037/xge0001698","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The last 25 years of research have revealed that recalling the past with others changes memory. A key finding is that former group members show increased memory overlap or collective memory. Beyond memory content, we ask whether collaborative recall changes the organization of memory. How we organize information has far-reaching consequences on learning and remembering, and research has produced sophisticated theories and measures of memory organization when people recall alone. However, research remains sparse on how social influences shape memory organization. Furthermore, studies document local changes only (small segments in recall), raising the question whether collaboration produces global changes (positional relations among all items) in memory organization that can inform how people construct memory narratives. It is also unclear whether collaboration affects memory organization differently for different emotional contents despite the well-established influence of emotion on memory. We address these questions by focusing on two important advances. Using representational similarity analysis, we seek a deeper understanding of collaborative recall on memory organization at the global level and how emotional valence influences memory organization. Comparing two collaborative recall sequences, collaborative-collaborative-individual and individual-collaborative-individual, with individual-individual-individual (baseline sequence), we replicated better memory for emotional than neutral content and collective memory for content. Novel to our aims, collaborative recall changed global memory organization, both at individual and collective levels and for neutral and emotional contents. These quantitative indices for holistic changes in memory organization reveal the depth of social influences in reshaping memory, with implications for remembering, beliefs, education, and national narratives. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"1761-1783"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A computational model for individual differences in nonreinforced learning.","authors":"Tom Salomon, Alon Itzkovitch, Nathaniel D Daw, Tom Schonberg","doi":"10.1037/xge0001739","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cue-Approach Training (CAT) is a paradigm that enhances preferences without external reinforcements, suggesting a potential role for internal learning processes. Here, we developed a novel Bayesian computational model to quantify anticipatory response patterns during the training phase of CAT. This phase includes individual items, and thus, this marker potentially reflects internal learning signals at the item level. Our model, fitted to meta-analysis data from 28 prior CAT experiments, was able to predict individual differences in nonreinforced preference changes using a key computational marker. Crucially, two new experiments manipulated the training procedure to influence the model's predicted learning marker. As predicted and preregistered, the manipulation successfully induced differential preference changes, supporting a causal role of our model. These findings demonstrate powerful potential of our computational framework for investigating intrinsic learning processes. This framework could be used to predict preference changes and opens new avenues for understanding intrinsic motivation and decision making. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"1888-1915"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limits of verbal labels in cognition: Category labels do not improve visual working memory performance for obfuscated objects.","authors":"Yong Hoon Chung, Lauren H. Williams, Timothy F. Brady, Viola S. Störmer","doi":"10.1037/xge0001801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001801","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cool people.","authors":"Todd Pezzuti, Caleb Warren, Jinjie Chen","doi":"10.1037/xge0001799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>What does it mean to be a cool person? Is being cool the same thing as being good? Do the attributes of cool people vary across cultures? We answer these questions by investigating which values and personality traits are associated with cool people and whether these same attributes are associated with good people. Experiments with 5,943 respondents in Australia, Chile, China (Mainland and Hong Kong), Germany, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Spain, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, and the United States revealed that many of the attributes associated with cool people are also associated with good people. Cool and good, however, are not the same. Cool people are perceived to be more extraverted, hedonistic, powerful, adventurous, open, and autonomous, whereas good people are more conforming, traditional, secure, warm, agreeable, universalistic, conscientious, and calm. This pattern is stable across countries, which suggests that the meaning of cool has crystallized on a similar set of values and traits around the globe. We build on the results to advance a theory of the role that coolness plays in establishing social hierarchies and changing social and cultural practices and norms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overheard evaluative comments can affect young children's effort.","authors":"Fengling Ma, Linghui Tang, Yutong Jiang, Xianming Luo, Brian J Compton, Gail D Heyman","doi":"10.1037/xge0001785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children stand to benefit from directing their efforts in ways that are socially valued, and this requires them to identify the behaviors that are likely to be seen as valuable. A key source of information for children, and the focus of the present research, is the evaluative comments about other people that they overhear. Participants were 5-year-old Chinese children (total <i>N</i> = 180 across four studies; 96 boys), and effort was operationalized as a willingness to wait. In Study 1, participants who overheard a positive comment about another child's waiting behavior waited longer than children in a control condition. Surprisingly, in Study 2, an overheard comment that described another child's waiting behavior as not smart also led to a high level of waiting. In contrast, in Study 3, a nonevaluative comment about another child's waiting behavior had no effect on children's waiting, nor did a global negative comment about another child's waiting behavior in Study 4. Taken together, these results shed light on the mechanisms underlying children's regulation of effort and the role of overheard evaluative comments in the socialization process. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Who Should Have a Voice? Children’s Evaluations of Universalist Versus Exclusive Voting","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/xge0001795.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001795.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency asymmetries in vision: The action asymmetry hypothesis.","authors":"Owen Morgan, Daniel Casasanto","doi":"10.1037/xge0001806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to a large body of research, the left and right cerebral hemispheres are specialized for different frequencies, in vision and audition, but the cause of this specialization is unknown. Here, we tested whether hemispheric asymmetries in visual perception can be explained by asymmetries in people's tendency to perform high- and low-frequency actions with their dominant and nondominant hands, respectively (the action asymmetry hypothesis). In two large, preregistered, online studies, participants judged low- and high-frequency shapes presented in the left and right visual hemifields. Overall, the typical hemispheric asymmetry for high versus low visual frequencies, which we found in right handers, was significantly reduced in left handers. Across experiments, hemispheric asymmetries for high-spatial-frequency stimuli were completely reversed between strong right and left handers. A third experiment testing dichotic listening suggests that this reversal cannot be explained by differences in language laterality. These results provide initial support for the action asymmetry hypothesis: Frequency asymmetries in perception may be explained by frequency asymmetries in action. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the antisaccade task a valid measure of inhibition?","authors":"Gidon T Frischkorn, Klaus Oberauer","doi":"10.1037/xge0001808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on individual differences in executive functions has often used a manual version of the antisaccade task to measure cognitive inhibition. Here, we investigated the validity of antisaccade performance as a measure of inhibition. Success in this task relies on several processes: inhibition of a saccade to the cue location, translating the cue location into the target location, making a saccade to the target location, and rapid identification of the target stimulus. In two experiments (<i>N</i>_E1 = 181 and <i>N</i>_E2 = 165), we varied whether the task required these processes. We also varied the preparation time before each trial and the cue-target interval to measure the speed of task-relevant processes. We used a theoretically motivated statistical model to dissociate parameters that reflect the contribution of each process to performance. Individual differences in most of these parameters correlated with observed performance, implying that performance reflects a mixture of several processes. Critically, inhibition accounted for a small proportion of variance in performance. Only the efficiency of translating cue information into the target location was credibly correlated with working memory capacity and processing speed. These results question the validity of antisaccade performance as a measure of inhibition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affective and cognitive underpinnings of moral condemnation when news of transgressions goes viral.","authors":"Daniel A. Effron, William J. Brady","doi":"10.1037/xge0001791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001791","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}