Journal of Experimental Psychology: General最新文献_第2页

Children's understanding of COVID-19 and the flu in three demographically distinct U.S. communities. 美国三个不同社区儿童对COVID-19和流感的理解

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-08-24 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001987

David Menendez, Tania Dhaliwal, Valerie Umscheid, Danielle Labotka, Susan A Gelman

{"title":"Children's understanding of COVID-19 and the flu in three demographically distinct U.S. communities.","authors":"David Menendez, Tania Dhaliwal, Valerie Umscheid, Danielle Labotka, Susan A Gelman","doi":"10.1037/xge0001987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001987","url":null,"abstract":"Children's understanding of illness reflects their developing views of the biological world and predicts the protective measures they engage in. However, most of the research to date has focused on children from the communities surrounding research universities and as such might not provide a generalizable view of how children across the United States think about illnesses and viruses. This is of particular concern with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic, as Black and Latinx communities experienced more hospitalizations and deaths, and rural conservative communities were the targets of misinformation. We examined beliefs about two illnesses (COVID-19 and the flu) in 5- to 12-year-old children (N = 313) and their parents (N = 194), from three different types of communities across the United States: university communities (Nchildren = 104; Nparents = 64), low-socioeconomic-status Black and Latinx communities (Nchildren = 101; Nparents = 64), and low-socioeconomic-status White rural conservative communities (Nchildren = 108; Nparents = 65). We found that children had a good understanding of the external processes involved in disease transmission but showed gaps and misconceptions about the internal biological processes; accuracy increased with age. The patterns of responding were largely similar across the three types of communities. Nonetheless, sociodemographic variables related to children's and parents' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward illness. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive view of how children in different communities across the United States think about illness and viruses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148812995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How leaders shape well-being and retention: Dominant leaders undermine and prestigious leaders enhance follower psychological need satisfaction. 领导者如何塑造幸福感和留任：支配型领导者削弱而声望型领导者增强了追随者的心理需求满足。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-08-20 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001992

Zhuo Li, Joey T Cheng, Alex J Benson

{"title":"How leaders shape well-being and retention: Dominant leaders undermine and prestigious leaders enhance follower psychological need satisfaction.","authors":"Zhuo Li, Joey T Cheng, Alex J Benson","doi":"10.1037/xge0001992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001992","url":null,"abstract":"Dominance and prestige are two key strategies through which people attain rank and influence within groups. Across three studies, we focus on how the deployment of these strategies shapes follower experiences-an important yet less well-understood question-by addressing how dominant and prestigious leaders satisfy the basic psychological needs of followers as outlined by self-determination theory. Using both observational (N₁ = 250) and experimental designs (N₂ = 277; N₃ = 299), we find that dominant leaders undermine followers' need satisfaction (i.e., their need for competence, relatedness, and autonomy), while prestigious leaders enhance it. Moreover, mediation analyses show that these differential patterns of need fulfillment in turn contribute to followers reporting higher leader-directed turnover intentions with dominant leaders but lower turnover intentions with prestigious leaders. Interestingly, when dominance was directed toward outgroup members-rather than ingroup members-followers report greater need satisfaction and lower desire to quit the leader. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dyadic division of labor: Effects of individual effectivities, task difficulty, and communicative abilities. 二元分工：个人效能、任务难度和沟通能力的影响。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-08-20 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001956

Megan Chiovaro, Alexandra Paxton

{"title":"Dyadic division of labor: Effects of individual effectivities, task difficulty, and communicative abilities.","authors":"Megan Chiovaro, Alexandra Paxton","doi":"10.1037/xge0001956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001956","url":null,"abstract":"The present experiments aim to identify the contexts and constraints that give rise to effective social coordination in a novel division-of-labor task, a gamified model of honey bee nectar processing. Experiment 1 investigated the interaction of task demand and individual effectivities on task efficiency and deterministic movement behavior in dyads. Experiment 2 replicated and extended Experiment 1 by adding a condition related to communicative abilities. Results showed that increasing task demand often resulted in increased coordination and synchronization, regardless of task-switching abilities or communicative abilities. Additionally, restricting individuals' abilities to switch roles during more difficult tasks improved performance. Hypotheses relating to communication were largely unsupported; however, trends suggested that restricting communication could be beneficial for coordination and efficiency if the system were given more time to adjust to their communicative abilities. Together, these constraints and contextual factors provide a starting point for investigating coordination in goal-oriented, division-of-labor settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Political shocks: Understanding major political events from an affective science lens. 政治冲击：从情感科学的角度理解重大政治事件。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-08-17 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001966

Bethany Lassetter, Matthew Feinberg, Sabrina Thai, Brett Q Ford

{"title":"Political shocks: Understanding major political events from an affective science lens.","authors":"Bethany Lassetter, Matthew Feinberg, Sabrina Thai, Brett Q Ford","doi":"10.1037/xge0001966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001966","url":null,"abstract":"Major political events that happen suddenly and are beyond the scope of day-to-day politics-political shocks-capture the attention of millions, but little is known about how they affect people. We examine political shocks from an affective science lens, considering people's emotions, how they regulate those emotions, and the motivations those emotions drive. We apply this lens to two political shocks in the United States: the Supreme Court confirmation of Justice Brett Kavanaugh (Study 1; initial N = 430; September-October 2018) and the impeachments and acquittals of President Donald Trump (Study 2; initial N = 979; November 2019-February 2021). We documented how affective processes changed as the events unfolded. As expected, Democrats and Republicans experienced divergent emotional peaks and valleys across time that tracked party \"wins\" and \"losses.\" Then, we examined how people regulated these emotions and the collective implications of that regulation. Both Republicans' and Democrats' use of the emotion regulation strategy cognitive reappraisal predicted greater positive emotion about these political shocks, which in turn was associated with greater motivation for political action. Compared to Republicans, however, Democrats' use of reappraisal more strongly predicted lower negative emotion about these events, with lower negative emotion in turn predicting lower motivation for action. This party difference suggests that regulating emotion during these shocks may have more strongly impaired Democrats' (vs. Republicans') motivations to act. By examining the consequences of political shocks through an affective science lens, we highlight powerful processes that may shape people's psychologies as well as political landscapes at the national level. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Needing others to know you're good: Narcissists' pride in success is contingent on peer reactions. 需要别人知道你很优秀：自恋者对成功的自豪感取决于同伴的反应。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-08-03 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001974

Eric J Mercadante, Jessica L Tracy

{"title":"Needing others to know you're good: Narcissists' pride in success is contingent on peer reactions.","authors":"Eric J Mercadante, Jessica L Tracy","doi":"10.1037/xge0001974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001974","url":null,"abstract":"Prior research shows that narcissists respond to failure by aggressing outward and defensively blaming others, but less is known about their responses to success. In four studies with American adults and Canadian undergraduates (total N = 3,463), participants recalled a real-life success or failure and reported their feelings of pride in response (Studies 1, 2, and 4) or experienced success in a controlled, laboratory experiment and reported pride in the success after receiving either positive or negative social feedback (Study 3). Across studies, two key findings emerged. First, narcissists reported greater pride following failure than those low in narcissism, and this difference was stronger than in a neutral control condition, consistent with prior research on narcissistic defensiveness. Second, in response to success, narcissists' feelings of pride were contingent on their peers' respect and admiration, such that they felt less pride than nonnarcissistic individuals following successes that did not make them feel prestigious in the eyes of their peers. This pattern of emotional responding was unique to narcissism and did not emerge for self-esteem. Results from this multimethod investigation suggest that narcissists show a distinctive pattern of pride in response to success and failure. They respond defensively to failure, reporting greater pride than nonnarcissists, and this pattern cannot be attributed to baseline, trait-level differences. In contrast, following success, narcissists' emotions are contingent upon perceiving respect and admiration from their peers, consistent with recent theoretical perspectives on narcissism that position status striving as narcissists' fundamental motive. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148664071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Balancing act: Investigating modulators and mechanisms of cognitive stability and flexibility. 平衡行为：研究认知稳定性和灵活性的调节和机制。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-08-03 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001936

Marie Therese Bartossek, Marcus Möschl, John-Dylan Haynes, Matthias Rudolf, Lara Sophie Knaup, Thomas Goschke

{"title":"Balancing act: Investigating modulators and mechanisms of cognitive stability and flexibility.","authors":"Marie Therese Bartossek, Marcus Möschl, John-Dylan Haynes, Matthias Rudolf, Lara Sophie Knaup, Thomas Goschke","doi":"10.1037/xge0001936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001936","url":null,"abstract":"Every day, we face the opposing requirements to flexibly shift between goals and to shield them against distractions. Context-dependent adjustments of cognitive stability and flexibility are a prerequisite for adaptive behavior. A current debate centers on whether these two functions of cognitive control involve a trade-off, manifesting in reciprocal performance benefits and costs, or if cognitive stability and flexibility can be regulated independently. This study aimed to test the assumption of a stability-flexibility trade-off and investigate determinants of control regulations. We examined whether cognitive stability and flexibility can be regulated voluntarily and whether these adjustments are modulated by the task relevance of distracting information. In two task-switching paradigms with varying distractor relevance, we assessed task-switch costs and interference costs as inverse indicators of stability and flexibility. We instructed participants to either focus on the current task or switch flexibly between tasks in within-subjects designs, and monetary rewards were contingent on how well participants succeeded in implementing these instructions. Across both experiments, participants adjusted their task-switch costs but not their interference costs according to the instructions. The distractor relevance further did not moderate these adjustments. Multilevel analyses revealed no correlations between changes in task-switch costs and interference costs in both experiments. Taken together, our results provide evidence that adjustments in task-switch costs are partly under voluntary control. However, they did not provide evidence for the expected trade-off between indicators of cognitive stability and flexibility, at least in the task-switching paradigms we used. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148664084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The first location heuristic: An early emerging way of judging where things belong. 第一种位置启发式：一种早期出现的判断物品归属的方法。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-25 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001951

Terryn Kim, Ori Friedman

{"title":"The first location heuristic: An early emerging way of judging where things belong.","authors":"Terryn Kim, Ori Friedman","doi":"10.1037/xge0001951","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001951","url":null,"abstract":"Judgments about where things belong guide people's expectations, actions, and social evaluations. In this article, we provide evidence for an early emerging first location heuristic that informs judgments about where things belong. According to this heuristic, objects belong where they were first encountered. We investigated this heuristic in both children aged 3-7 (N = 951) and in adults (N = 1,238) in Canada and the United States. In each experiment, participants judged where objects belonged in scenarios where an object first appeared in one location but was then moved. In Experiments 1-3, children and adults mostly judged that artifacts found indoors belong in their first locations, though this tendency was reduced (especially for adults) for objects moved by humans rather than natural forces. These experiments also ruled out two low-level explanations for the findings. Experiments 4 and 5 then found that children also use the heuristic with natural objects found outdoors and provided mixed evidence about adults. Experiment 5 also found that children and adults see the first location as normative. We discuss two explanations for why people use the heuristic to judge where things belong. One reason is that an object's first location is often informative about its history, for instance, indicating where the object is typically found or where it was intentionally placed. The heuristic, though, could also express the basic belief that things belong where they originate. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"1849-1861"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148031082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Elcos are common, ajajatas are weird: Manner implicatures guide the interpretation of unfamiliar words for French children and for adults in 18 languages. “Elcos”很常见，而“ajajata”则很奇怪：在18种语言中，对法国儿童和成人来说，不熟悉的单词的解释方式隐含着指导意义。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001972

Olivier Mascaro, Adeline Depierreux, Ninon Peysson, Olivier Morin

{"title":"Elcos are common, ajajatas are weird: Manner implicatures guide the interpretation of unfamiliar words for French children and for adults in 18 languages.","authors":"Olivier Mascaro, Adeline Depierreux, Ninon Peysson, Olivier Morin","doi":"10.1037/xge0001972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001972","url":null,"abstract":"Overly long or effortful utterances are interpreted as carrying more information than short or easy ones-a phenomenon known as manner implicatures in pragmatics. Can this mechanism guide the interpretation of unfamiliar words? In seven studies testing adults (N = 1,762) and children (N = 282), participants had to pair two words in an unknown language (e.g., \"elco\" and \"ajajata\") with two referents, one more prototypical than the other (e.g., a green crocodile and a yellow crocodile). The less prototypical referent is less expected and more surprising; thus, the action of referring to it carries more information than the action of referring to the more prototypical referent. We predicted that shorter words would be preferentially paired with prototypical referents. This effect was verified on adult participants inside and across 18 languages and held even when participants explicitly claimed to have used no strategy at all. Varying the respective prototypicality of the stimuli did not measurably change this effect: Adult participants responded similarly to a large differential in prototypicality as to a more moderate one. French children aged 3 to 11 also showed the predicted effect, with little discernible effect of age. Consistent with manner implicatures, adult participants (across four languages) and French children also show the predicted effect when the phonotactic complexity of words is manipulated instead of their length. Thus, manner implicatures guide the interpretation of unfamiliar words by children and adults. These results are consistent with the view that costlier messages are generally interpreted as carrying more information. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"155 8","pages":"1905-1920"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are frogs more forgiving than acorns anticipate? How response pressure confounds can generate (apparent) biases in metaperceptions. 青蛙比橡子想象的更宽容吗？反应压力混淆如何在元知觉中产生（明显的）偏见。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001971

Rebecca L Schaumberg, Joseph P Simmons

{"title":"Are frogs more forgiving than acorns anticipate? How response pressure confounds can generate (apparent) biases in metaperceptions.","authors":"Rebecca L Schaumberg, Joseph P Simmons","doi":"10.1037/xge0001971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001971","url":null,"abstract":"Much research suggests that people are remarkably poor at understanding how others judge them, particularly regarding the impact of their actions on others. People appear to succumb to a host of nominally distinct biases that take a similar form: They overestimate how harshly they will be judged for bad actions and underestimate how positively they will be judged for good actions. In this article, we demonstrate that these biases can arise from \"response pressure\" confounds that are baked into how metaperceptions are typically studied. Specifically, we show that socially appropriate responses differ between those asked to predict how another person will feel about their actions and those asked to report how they feel about another person's actions. Predicting that someone will feel extremely grateful for your good deed is less appropriate than reporting that you are extremely grateful for someone else's good deed, while predicting that someone will feel extremely upset for your minor transgression is more appropriate than reporting that you are extremely upset at someone else's minor transgression. So if some participants provide inauthentic but socially appropriate responses, apparent biases will emerge, even if they do not exist. Across 13 preregistered studies, we show that differences in response pressures between predicting \"how others will judge me\" versus reporting \"how I would judge others\" can generate apparent biases and produce fanciful ones, such as people overestimating how negatively a frog would judge them if they were an acorn that fell on its head. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"155 8","pages":"1882-1904"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining the efficacy of a common response to stereotypical generics. 检查对典型仿制药的共同反应的功效。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-04 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001952

Sophie H Arnold, Mohit Mukherji, Mona Lebrun, Marjorie Rhodes

{"title":"Examining the efficacy of a common response to stereotypical generics.","authors":"Sophie H Arnold, Mohit Mukherji, Mona Lebrun, Marjorie Rhodes","doi":"10.1037/xge0001952","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001952","url":null,"abstract":"People often respond to stereotypical generic statements such as \"girls wear makeup\" with counter-stereotypical claims like \"boys can wear makeup too.\" But are such responses effective in reducing the stereotypical inferences people draw from the original claim? On the one hand, they may seem effective because they directly challenge the idea that a property (e.g., wearing makeup) applies only to one group (e.g., girls). On the other hand, listeners may reason that inserting the modal \"can\" implies that the second-mentioned group (e.g., boys) is less strongly associated with the property than the first. Here, we present experimental evidence from adults (N = 405) and 4- to 7-year-old children (N = 365) showing that such can generics are ineffective at extinguishing stereotypical inferences. Although can generics appeared helpful relative to leaving the other group completely unmentioned (i.e., not mentioning boys after hearing \"girls wear makeup\"), they nevertheless resulted in thinking that the group described with can generics is less associated with the relevant property than the group described without the additional modal term. The ineffectiveness of can generics stems from reasoning over alternative options: Because both groups could have been described in the same way, \"can\" signals a weaker relationship between the property and the group described with the additional modal term. We discuss implications for how to effectively respond to stereotypical statements. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"2091-2102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148163352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0