Journal of Experimental Psychology: General最新文献_第2页

Partitioned prosociality: Why giving a large donation bit by bit makes people seem more committed to social causes. 分割的亲社会性：为什么一点一点的大额捐赠会让人们看起来更致力于社会事业。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001705

Rebecca L Schaumberg, Stephanie C Lin

{"title":"Partitioned prosociality: Why giving a large donation bit by bit makes people seem more committed to social causes.","authors":"Rebecca L Schaumberg, Stephanie C Lin","doi":"10.1037/xge0001705","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001705","url":null,"abstract":"Donating money to worthy social causes is one of the most impactful and efficient forms of altruism, but skepticism often clouds perceptions of donors' motives for giving. We propose a solution that reduces this skepticism: Instead of giving a single large donation, donors can partition their donations into multiple, smaller ones. Ten preregistered studies with 3,816 participants supported this idea. The positive effect of partitioned giving was robust to the number and size of the partitions and the method of displaying the partitions. Moreover, this effect emerged when the actual effort to give in partitions was held constant and donors precommitted to giving in partitions. The effect arose because the number of donations seems to act as a heuristic, signaling that the donor has more frequent impulses to give and a greater desire to be connected to the social cause. Accordingly, the effect was enhanced when donors gave on nonconsecutive days rather than consecutive days and diminished when they gave their multiple donations on a single day compared with on different days. This effect emerged across both joint and separate evaluations of partitioned versus lump-sum giving, indicating that people think donors who give in partitions should be judged more positively than those who give in one lump sum. Overall, this work shows that how donors structure their donations affects judgments of their motives for giving, thereby providing new insights into how people evaluate prosocial behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"739-758"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is personal identity intransitive? 个人同一性是不及物的吗？

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001711

Julian De Freitas, Lance J Rips

{"title":"Is personal identity intransitive?","authors":"Julian De Freitas, Lance J Rips","doi":"10.1037/xge0001711","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001711","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a call for a potentially revolutionary change to our existing understanding of the psychological concept of personal identity. Apparently, people can psychologically represent people, including themselves, as multiple individuals at the same time. Here, we ask whether the intransitive judgments found in these studies truly reflect the operation of an intransitive concept of personal identity. We manipulate several factors that arbitrate between transitivity and intransitivity and find most support for transitivity: In contrast to the prior work, most participants do not make intransitive judgments when there is any reason to favor one individual over another. People change which single individual they personally identify with, depending on which individual competes more strongly or weakly for identity, rather than identifying with both individuals. Even when two individuals are identical and therefore both entitled to be the same person, we find that people make more transitive judgments once they understand the practical commitments of their responses (Experiment 4) and report not being able to actually imagine two perspectives simultaneously when reasoning about the scenario (Experiment 5). In short, we suggest that while people may make intransitive judgments, these do not reflect that they psychologically represent identity in an intransitive manner. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"775-786"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Normative and informational confidence matching. 规范和信息信心匹配。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001706

Maja Friedemann, Dan Bang, Nick Yeung

{"title":"Normative and informational confidence matching.","authors":"Maja Friedemann, Dan Bang, Nick Yeung","doi":"10.1037/xge0001706","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001706","url":null,"abstract":"When performing tasks in a social context, individuals tend to report confidence judgments that increasingly align with those of others over time. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, termed confidence matching, are not fully understood. This study explores two potential drivers of confidence matching behavior: informational factors that cause individuals to genuinely recalibrate their private sense of confidence based on their partner's confidence; and normative factors that lead individuals to adapt the way in which they publicly express their confidence, without changing their private assessment of their own performance. To examine these influences, we conducted two experiments examining the effects of both informational and normative factors on private and public confidence. The results demonstrate that both factors can lead to confidence matching. In a setting devoid of feedback, participants matched their confidence reports with their partner's and modified their information-seeking behavior-a proxy for private confidence-accordingly, pointing toward the role of informational factors. Conversely, in a scenario in which feedback was readily available and a joint decision-making rule was enforced, participants aligned their confidence reports with their partner's but did not adjust their information-seeking behavior, hinting at normative factors influencing the public display of confidence matching. These findings highlight the flexibility and context-sensitivity of confidence, thereby underscoring the importance of factoring in social contexts and the adaptive nature of confidence when studying metacognitive processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"759-774"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptive curiosity about metacognitive ability. 对元认知能力的适应性好奇。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001690

Samuel Recht, Canqi Li, Yifan Yang, Kaiki Chiu

{"title":"Adaptive curiosity about metacognitive ability.","authors":"Samuel Recht, Canqi Li, Yifan Yang, Kaiki Chiu","doi":"10.1037/xge0001690","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001690","url":null,"abstract":"Metacognition provides control and oversight to the process of acquiring and using knowledge. Efficient metacognition is essential to many aspects of daily life, from health care to finance and education. Across three experiments, we found a specific form of curiosity in humans about the quality of their own metacognition, using a novel approach that dissociates perceptual from metacognitive information searches. Observers displayed a strategic balance in their curiosity, alternating between a focus on perceptual accuracy and metacognitive performance. Depending on the context, this metacognitive curiosity was modulated by an internal evaluation of metacognition, leading to increased feedback requests when metacognition was likely to be inaccurate. Using an ideal observer model, we describe how this curiosity trade-off can arise naturally from a recursive evaluation and transformation of decisions' evidence. These results show that individuals are inherently curious about their metacognitive abilities and can compare perceptual and metacognitive precision to fine-tune performance monitoring. We propose that this form of curiosity may reflect humans' drive to refine their self-model. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"852-863"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Boomerasking: Answering your own questions. 自讨苦吃：回答自己的问题。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001693

Alison Wood Brooks, Michael Yeomans

{"title":"Boomerasking: Answering your own questions.","authors":"Alison Wood Brooks, Michael Yeomans","doi":"10.1037/xge0001693","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001693","url":null,"abstract":"Humans spend much of their lives in conversation, where they tend to hold many simultaneous motives. We examine two fundamental desires: to be responsive to a partner and to disclose about oneself. We introduce one pervasive way people attempt to reconcile these competing goals-boomerasking-a sequence in which individuals first pose a question to their conversation partner (\"How was your weekend?\"), let their partner answer, and then answer the question themselves (\"Mine was amazing!\"). The boomerask starts with someone asking a question, but-like a boomerang-the question returns quickly to its source. We document three types of boomerasks: ask-bragging (asking a question followed by disclosing something positive, e.g., an amazing vacation); ask-complaining (asking a question followed by disclosing something negative, e.g., a family funeral); and ask-sharing (asking a question followed by disclosing something neutral, e.g., a weird dream). Though boomeraskers believe they leave positive impressions, in practice, their decision to share their own answer-rather than follow up on their partner's-appears egocentric and disinterested in their partner's perspective. As a result, people perceive boomeraskers as insincere and prefer conversation partners who straightforwardly self-disclose. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"864-893"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining the role of social comparison perceptions on identity-safety for Black Americans in organizations.

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001722

Veronica Derricks, Eva S Pietri, India R Johnson, Daniela Gonzalez

{"title":"Examining the role of social comparison perceptions on identity-safety for Black Americans in organizations.","authors":"Veronica Derricks, Eva S Pietri, India R Johnson, Daniela Gonzalez","doi":"10.1037/xge0001722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001722","url":null,"abstract":"Black Americans remain underrepresented in organizations. Although extensive research demonstrates that inadequate representation undermines inclusion, few studies have assessed the psychological processes through which this relationship emerges. Across three online experiments, we investigate the role of social comparison perceptions-concerns about being assimilated, or likened, to another ingroup member by external observers-as a mechanism underlying reduced inclusion for Black Americans in organizations. Moreover, we examine the dynamics of social comparison perceptions for individuals who have multiple marginalized identities (Black women). Across studies, Black adults (Study 1) and Black women (Studies 2 and 3) imagined that they were one of two (duo status) or many (nonduo status) Black employees at a company and read about a Black male or White female colleague who performed poorly on a work task. Findings showed that Black individuals with duo (vs. nonduo) status reported stronger social comparison perceptions and worse organizational outcomes (e.g., decreased identity-safety, or beliefs that one's identity is valued in a setting). Moreover, social comparison perceptions served as a mechanism underlying worse organizational outcomes. In Studies 2 and 3, Black women who had duo (vs. nonduo) status reported increased social comparison perceptions in response to a target who shared either of their marginalized identities (a Black man or White woman). Study 3 showed that organizational cues which condemned stereotypes significantly reduced concerns about social comparison perceptions and improved organizational outcomes. Collectively, this work elucidates a psychological process through which underrepresentation can undermine inclusion for Black adults, the dynamics of this process for persons with multiple marginalized identities, and an intervention that can disrupt this process. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A watched pot seems slow to boil: Why frequent monitoring decreases perceptions of progress.

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001733

André Vaz, André Mata, Clayton R Critcher

{"title":"A watched pot seems slow to boil: Why frequent monitoring decreases perceptions of progress.","authors":"André Vaz, André Mata, Clayton R Critcher","doi":"10.1037/xge0001733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001733","url":null,"abstract":"In evaluating changing attributes (e.g., work output, pollution levels), perceivers care not only about an attribute's level but its rate of change. Two employees likely have different value in the eyes of a supervisor if they take different amounts of time to complete the same work. Ten studies in the main article (and five in the Supplemental Materials) document and explore a monitoring frequency effect (MFE): Progress is seen to slow to the extent it is monitored more frequently. This effect was observed across various domains (workplace, public health, environmental, investment, physical growth) and was robust to financial incentives that encouraged accuracy. Several factors are identified that affect preferences for monitoring targets more or less frequently. Participants also displayed preferences for how frequently they themselves would be monitored; this investigation directly revealed the counterintuitive nature of the MFE. Although the MFE was robust to all tested variants, the size of the MFE did depend on how information about attribute changes was presented. Two mechanistic accounts-one rooted in memory biases for tracked information and the other in a failure to synthesize the tracked information in a normative way-were tested. Only the latter was supported. Discussion focuses on how the MFE complements or only superficially contradicts previous work on myopic loss aversion, the ratio bias, partition dependence, and tracking goal progress. The MFE identifies a qualitatively distinct way by which prior evaluations and beliefs can color evaluations of targets, thereby reinforcing even misguided priors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Learn more from your data with asymptotic regression.

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001710

Alasdair D F Clarke, Amelia R Hunt

{"title":"Learn more from your data with asymptotic regression.","authors":"Alasdair D F Clarke, Amelia R Hunt","doi":"10.1037/xge0001710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001710","url":null,"abstract":"All measures of behavior have a temporal context. Changes in behavior over time often take a similar form: monotonically decreasing or increasing toward an asymptote. Whether these behavioral dynamics are the object of study or a nuisance variable, their inclusion in models of data makes conclusions more complete, robust, and well-specified, and can contribute to theory development. Here, we demonstrate that asymptotic regression is a relatively simple tool that can be applied to repeated-measures data to estimate three parameters: starting point, rate of change, and asymptote. Each of these parameters has a meaningful interpretation in terms of ecological validity, behavioral dynamics, and performance limits, respectively. They can also be used to help decide how many trials to include in an experiment and as a principled approach to reducing noise in data. We demonstrate the broad utility of asymptotic regression for modeling the effect of the passage of time within a single trial and for changes over trials of an experiment, using two existing data sets and a set of new visual search data. An important limit of asymptotic regression is that it cannot be applied to data that are stationary or change nonmonotonically. But for data that have performance changes that progress steadily toward an asymptote, as many behavioral measures do, it is a simple and powerful tool for describing those changes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Softening the blow or sharpening the blade: Examining the reputational effects of satire.

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001729

Hooria Jazaieri, Derek D Rucker

{"title":"Softening the blow or sharpening the blade: Examining the reputational effects of satire.","authors":"Hooria Jazaieri, Derek D Rucker","doi":"10.1037/xge0001729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001729","url":null,"abstract":"Criticism is foundational to the fabric of society and can directly impact people's reputations. Although criticism takes many forms, one prevalent form of criticism is satire-the coupling of criticism with humor. While the lighthearted and playful nature of satire has been argued to render it innocuous, the present research suggests that satire can in some cases be more incendiary than direct criticism. First, a naturalistic study examines nonpolitical satirical versus critical YouTube videos. Participants (N = 1,311) evaluated a criticized individual more negatively following satire compared to direct criticism. Moreover, when conducting automated text analysis of the actual comments left by viewers on YouTube (N = 104,555), people used more dehumanizing language in response to satirical versus critical videos. In six subsequent lab experiments (N = 2,040) using memes and videos, causal evidence is provided that nonpolitical satire can cause greater damage to a target's reputation than direct criticism. Evidence that satire renders targets as less human, and thus more prone to more reputational damage is explored via both mediation and moderation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High overall values mitigate gaze-related effects in perceptual and preferential choices.

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001723

Chih-Chung Ting, Sebastian Gluth

{"title":"High overall values mitigate gaze-related effects in perceptual and preferential choices.","authors":"Chih-Chung Ting, Sebastian Gluth","doi":"10.1037/xge0001723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001723","url":null,"abstract":"A growing literature has shown that people tend to make faster decisions when choosing between two high-intensity or high-utility options than when choosing between two less-intensity or low-utility options. However, the underlying cognitive mechanisms of this effect of overall value (OV) on response times (RT) remains controversial, partially due to inconsistent findings of OV effects on accuracy but also due to the lack of process-tracing studies testing this effect. Here, we set out to fill this gap by testing and modeling the influence of OV on choices, RT, and eye movements in both perceptual and preferential decisions in a preregistered eye-tracking experiment (N = 61). Across perceptual and preferential tasks, we observed significant and consistently negative correlations between OV and RT, replicating previous work. Accuracy tended to increase with OV, reaching significance in preferential choices only. Eye-tracking analyses revealed a reduction of different gaze-related effects under high OV: a reduced tendency to choose the longer fixated option in perceptual choice and a reduced tendency to choose the last fixated option in preferential choice. Modeling these data with the attentional drift-diffusion model showed that the nonfixated option value was discounted least in the high-OV condition, confirming that higher OV might mitigate the impact of gaze on choices. Our results suggest that OV jointly affects behavior and gaze influences and offer a mechanistic account for the puzzling phenomenon that decisions between options of higher OV tend to be faster, but not less accurate. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0