Journal of Experimental Psychology: General最新文献_第2页

The dynamics of stability and flexibility: How attentional and cognitive control support multitasking under time pressure.

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001749

Russell J Boag,Luke Strickland,Andrew Heathcote,Shayne Loft

{"title":"The dynamics of stability and flexibility: How attentional and cognitive control support multitasking under time pressure.","authors":"Russell J Boag,Luke Strickland,Andrew Heathcote,Shayne Loft","doi":"10.1037/xge0001749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001749","url":null,"abstract":"Managing the trade-off between stability (robustness to interference) and flexibility (readiness to adapt to change) places considerable demands on human attention, cognitive control, and meta-control processes. However, little is known about the cognitive mechanisms driving stability-flexibility adaptation in multitasking contexts, and such mechanisms have implications for effective task completion in everyday life and in complex work settings, particularly when individuals enter performance \"red zones\" where task demands exceed capacity to manage them. We present a computational model that explains how individuals, in a cognitively demanding prospective memory (PM) paradigm, cognitively adapt to the relative prevalence of competing task responses to achieve more stable or more flexible performance under conditions in and out of the \"red zone\" (high vs. low time pressure). The model explained observed ongoing- and PM-task performance in terms of the quality and quantity of attentional capacity directed to each task and context-sensitive differences in proactive and reactive cognitive control. The results are consistent with a view of stability and flexibility as potentially independent dimensions of control, the management of which is subject to human processing/capacity constraints. The model furthers understanding of human cognitive flexibility, with potential implications for humans working in dynamic, information-rich settings requiring behavioral flexibility. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Random behavior is stable across tasks and time. 随机行为在不同的任务和时间中都是稳定的。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001755

Tal Boger,Sami R Yousif,Samuel D McDougle,Robb B Rutledge

{"title":"Random behavior is stable across tasks and time.","authors":"Tal Boger,Sami R Yousif,Samuel D McDougle,Robb B Rutledge","doi":"10.1037/xge0001755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001755","url":null,"abstract":"Whether it's choosing a tennis serve or escaping a predator, the ability to behave randomly provides a range of adaptive benefits. Decades of work explore how people both produce and detect randomness, revealing profound nonrandom biases and heuristics in our mental representations of randomness. But how is randomness realized in the mind? Do individuals have a \"one-size-fits-all\" conception of randomness that they employ across different tasks and time points? Or do they instead use simple context-specific strategies? Here, we develop a model that reveals individual differences in how humans attempt to generate random sequences. Then, in three experiments, we reveal that random behavior is stable across both tasks and time. In Experiment 1, participants generated sequences of random numbers and one-dimensional random locations. Behavior was remarkably consistent across the two tasks. In Experiment 2, we gave participants both a random-number-generation and a two-dimensional random-location-generation task, such that the tasks diverged in structure. We again observed stable individual differences across tasks. Finally, in Experiment 3, we collected data from the same participants as in Experiment 2, but 1 year later; we found stable individual differences across that span. Across all experiments, we find idiosyncratic behaviors that are stable across tasks and time. Thus, we suggest that a trait-like randomness generator exists in the mind. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extending continuous flow models of immediate decision reports to delayed decision reports.

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001748

Johan A Achard,Thibault Gajdos,Mathieu Servant

{"title":"Extending continuous flow models of immediate decision reports to delayed decision reports.","authors":"Johan A Achard,Thibault Gajdos,Mathieu Servant","doi":"10.1037/xge0001748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001748","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous flow and evidence accumulation models have recently been combined to provide an integrated account of decision and motor mechanisms engaged in choice reaction time tasks. According to this account, muscle activation is essentially determined by the evidence accumulation decision variable through a continuous decision-to-motor transmission of information. However, it remains unclear whether and how this framework can be extended to situations that impose a time lag between the commitment to a choice and the expression of that choice through actions. Such situations have been studied using response signal (RS) decision tasks featuring a short delay between the offset of the stimulus and a signal to respond. The present work integrates recent developments in decision-making, working memory, and motor control research to extend models of immediate decision reports to delayed decision reports. We assumed that the evidence accumulation decision variable transitions to sustained activity after hitting a threshold to achieve the short-term maintenance of the selected choice. The level of sustained activity then constitutes the starting point for a second phase of accumulation, in which subjects sample evidence from the RS to activate the muscles. We tested predictions from the theory at the behavioral and muscle activation levels in three RS decision tasks featuring manipulations of stimulus duration, delay duration, and foreknowledge of the stimulus-response mapping. Muscle activation was measured using electromyography. The theory provided a unified account of empirical effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lexical search and social reasoning jointly explain communication in associative reference games.

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001750

Abhilasha A Kumar,Robert D Hawkins

{"title":"Lexical search and social reasoning jointly explain communication in associative reference games.","authors":"Abhilasha A Kumar,Robert D Hawkins","doi":"10.1037/xge0001750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001750","url":null,"abstract":"Effective linguistic communication depends upon many different cognitive processes working together in concert. Yet, our computational models of these processes are often developed in isolation, without considering how these processes fit together. In this work, we study a simplified variant of the popular board game Codenames, which highlights the integration of two important processes: (1) lexical retrieval and (2) pragmatic reasoning. In this task, speakers must generate a \"clue\" word from their full lexicon that allows their partner to select a pair of target words from a context of distractors. In Experiment 1, we evaluate a suite of different models on an existing corpus of production data, finding that models with both semantic search and pragmatic reasoning components significantly outperform ablated variants. Experiment 2 elicits targeted endorsements for a particularly diagnostic set of clues, providing further evidence for the pragmatic selection component in isolation. Finally, Experiments 3 and 4 elicit lists of clues that speakers are considering for a target pair in the absence and presence of the board context, respectively, providing further evidence for the way context is infused into semantic search. Taken together, our findings shed new light on the way that retrieval processes (generating promising candidates) and selection processes (evaluating the likely communicative success of these candidates) must work in tandem to support effective communication. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time and memory costs jointly determine a speed-accuracy trade-off and set-size effects.

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001760

Shuze Liu, Lucy Lai, Samuel J Gershman, Bilal A Bari

{"title":"Time and memory costs jointly determine a speed-accuracy trade-off and set-size effects.","authors":"Shuze Liu, Lucy Lai, Samuel J Gershman, Bilal A Bari","doi":"10.1037/xge0001760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001760","url":null,"abstract":"Policies, the mappings from states to actions, require memory. The amount of memory is dictated by the mutual information between states and actions or the policy complexity. High-complexity policies preserve state information and generally lead to greater rewards compared to low-complexity policies, which require less memory by discarding state information and exploiting environmental regularities. Under this theory, high-complexity policies incur a time cost: They take longer to decode than low-complexity policies. This naturally gives rise to a speed-accuracy trade-off, in which acting quickly necessitates inaccuracy (via low-complexity policies) and acting accurately necessitates acting slowly (via high-complexity policies). Furthermore, the relationship between policy complexity and decoding speed accounts for set-size effects: Response times grow as a function of the number of possible states because larger state sets encourage higher policy complexity. Across three experiments, we tested these predictions by manipulating intertrial intervals, environmental regularities, and state set sizes. In all cases, we found that humans are sensitive to both time and memory costs when modulating policy complexity. Altogether, our theory suggests that policy complexity constraints may underlie some speed-accuracy trade-offs and set-size effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social identity shapes antecedents and functional outcomes of moral emotion expression.

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001753

William J Brady, Jay J Van Bavel

{"title":"Social identity shapes antecedents and functional outcomes of moral emotion expression.","authors":"William J Brady, Jay J Van Bavel","doi":"10.1037/xge0001753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001753","url":null,"abstract":"There is increasing evidence that moral and emotional rhetoric spreads widely on social media and is associated with intergroup conflict, polarization, and the spread of misinformation. However, this literature is largely correlational, making it unclear why moral and emotional content drives sharing and conflict. In this research, we examine the causal impact of moral-emotional content on sharing decisions and how social identity shapes the antecedents and functional outcomes of decisions to share. Across five preregistered experiments (N = 2,498), we find robust evidence that the inclusion of moral-emotional expressions in political messages increases intentions to share the messages on social media. Moreover, individual differences in the strength of partisan identification and ideological extremity are robust predictors of sharing messages with moral-emotional expressions, even when accounting for attitude strength. However, we only found mixed evidence that brief manipulations of identity salience increased sharing. In terms of functional outcomes, when partisans choose to share messages with moral-emotional language, people perceive them as more strongly identified among their partisan ingroup but less open minded and less worthy of conversation with outgroup members. These experiments highlight the causal role of moral-emotional expression in online sharing intentions and how such expressions in online networks can serve ingroup reputation functions while hindering discourse between political groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Metacognitive Optimization of Offloading Task (MOOT): Both higher costs to offload and the accuracy of memory predict goodness of offloading performance.

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001726

Dillon H Murphy, Janet Metcalfe

{"title":"The Metacognitive Optimization of Offloading Task (MOOT): Both higher costs to offload and the accuracy of memory predict goodness of offloading performance.","authors":"Dillon H Murphy, Janet Metcalfe","doi":"10.1037/xge0001726","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001726","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a Metacognitive Offloading Optimization Task (MOOT) whereby participants were instructed to score as many points as possible by accessing words from a presented list either by remembering them (worth 10 points each) or by offloading them (worth less than 10 points each). Results indicated that participants were sensitive to the value of the offloaded items such that when offloaded items carried a high value (e.g., 8 points each), participants' scores were lower than if they had chosen to offload all items. Conversely, when offloaded items had a low value (e.g., 2 points each), participants' scores exceeded what they would have achieved had they offloaded all items. In Experiments 2 and 3, we investigated offloading optimality. Specifically, because each individual's maximum possible score depended on how much they could remember, each participant's memory ability was assessed in a pretest. The maximum score obtainable resulted from a strategy in which the participant opts to recall every item that they will be able to remember (obtaining 10 points for each) and offloads all other items (obtaining a value greater than 0 points for each), leaving no items unrecalled and not offloaded. To implement this strategy, the participant needs to have and use metaknowledge of exactly which items they will be able to recall. In each experiment, the MOOT scores-the ratio of participants' observed score to their maximum possible score-were closer to optimal for participants with better memory ability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"1149-1166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prediction that conflicts with judgment: The low absolute likelihood effect. 与判断相冲突的预测：低绝对可能性效应。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001721

Chengyao Sun, Robyn A LeBoeuf

{"title":"Prediction that conflicts with judgment: The low absolute likelihood effect.","authors":"Chengyao Sun, Robyn A LeBoeuf","doi":"10.1037/xge0001721","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001721","url":null,"abstract":"How do people predict the outcome of an event from a set of possible outcomes? One might expect people to predict whichever outcome they believe to be most likely to arise. However, we document a robust disconnect between what people predict and what they believe to be most likely. This disconnect arises because people consider not only relative likelihood but also absolute likelihood when predicting. If people think that an outcome is both the most likely to arise and has a high absolute likelihood of arising, they regularly predict it to arise. However, if people believe that an outcome is the most likely to arise but has a low absolute likelihood (e.g., it has a 20% chance, and other outcomes have smaller chances), they less often choose it as their prediction, even though they know it is most likely. We find that, when the most likely outcome has a low absolute likelihood, the final outcome feels hard to foresee, which leads people to use arbitrary prediction strategies, such as following a gut feeling or choosing randomly, instead of predicting more logically. We further find that predictions are less likely to depart from the most likely outcome when manipulations encourage people to focus more on relative likelihood and less on the low absolute likelihood. People also exhibit a smaller disconnect when advising others than when predicting for themselves. Thus, contrary to common assumptions, predictions may often systematically depart from likelihood judgments. We discuss implications for research on judgments, predictions, and uncertainty. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"919-934"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Targeting audiences' moral values shapes misinformation sharing. 针对受众的道德价值观塑造错误信息分享。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001714

Suhaib Abdurahman, Nils K Reimer, Preni Golazizian, Elisa Baek, Yixuan Shen, Jackson Trager, Roshni Lulla, Jonas Kaplan, Carolyn Parkinson, Morteza Dehghani

{"title":"Targeting audiences' moral values shapes misinformation sharing.","authors":"Suhaib Abdurahman, Nils K Reimer, Preni Golazizian, Elisa Baek, Yixuan Shen, Jackson Trager, Roshni Lulla, Jonas Kaplan, Carolyn Parkinson, Morteza Dehghani","doi":"10.1037/xge0001714","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001714","url":null,"abstract":"Does aligning misinformation content with individuals' core moral values facilitate its spread? We investigate this question in three behavioral experiments (N1a = 615; N1b = 505; N₂ = 533) that examine how the alignment of audience values and misinformation framing affects sharing behavior, in conjunction with analyzing real-world Twitter data (N = 20,235; 809,414 tweets) that explores how aligning the moral values of message senders with misinformation content influences its dissemination in the context of COVID-19 vaccination misinformation. First, we investigate how aligning messages' moral framing with participants' moral values impacts participants' intentions to share true and false news headlines and whether this effect is driven by a lack of analytical thinking. Our results show that framing a post such that it aligns with audiences' moral values leads to increased sharing intentions, independent of headline familiarity, and participants' political ideology but find no effect of analytical thinking. Furthermore, we find that moral alignment facilitates sharing misinformation more so than true information. Next, we use natural language processing to determine messages' moral framing and senders' political ideology. We find that an alignment of moral framing and ideology facilitates the spread of misinformation. Our findings suggest that (a) targeting audiences' core values can be used to influence the dissemination of (mis)information on social media platforms; (b) partisan divides in misinformation sharing can be, at least partially, explained through alignment between audiences' underlying moral values and moral framing that often accompanies content shared online; and (c) this effect is driven by motivational factors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"935-957"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142970987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The preference for attitude neutrality. 对中立态度的偏好。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001703

Thomas I Vaughan-Johnston, Devin I Fowlie, Laura E Wallace, Mark W Susmann, Leandre R Fabrigar

{"title":"The preference for attitude neutrality.","authors":"Thomas I Vaughan-Johnston, Devin I Fowlie, Laura E Wallace, Mark W Susmann, Leandre R Fabrigar","doi":"10.1037/xge0001703","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001703","url":null,"abstract":"Much research has noted people's tendency toward extremity. This work has made it clear that some people prefer to hold extreme views and might leave the impression that when biases and preferences occur, they primarily favor extremity. In contrast, in the present work, we examine the possibility that some people prefer attitudinal neutrality across two pretesting samples, three main studies, and two supplementary studies (Ntotal = 1,873). The preference for neutrality is distinguished from low preference for extremity, as well as from an interest in collecting balanced information. We also show that the preference for neutrality is related to a sometimes uncritical and biased pursuit of attitudinal neutrality, paralleling effects found in the attitude extremity literature. The preference for neutrality is related to dispositional attitudinal neutrality and ambivalence, political centrism, a preference for other people with neutral versus extreme views, and biased responding to messages arbitrarily framed as \"moderate\" versus extreme. Implications for politically polarized attitudes, persuasion, and intellectual humility are discussed. The preference for neutrality may pose a substantial challenge for creating a shared understanding of the world and addressing pressing social issues. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"1038-1062"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0