Journal of Experimental Psychology: General最新文献_第3页

How autobiographical memory serves morality: Prevalence and properties of memories with moral content. 自传式记忆如何服务于道德：具有道德内容的记忆的普遍性和特性。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-15 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001954

Dorthe Berntsen, Ana Lucía Cardenas-Egúsquiza, Maria Cristina Buzzo, Svend Brinkmann, Rick H Hoyle, David C Rubin

{"title":"How autobiographical memory serves morality: Prevalence and properties of memories with moral content.","authors":"Dorthe Berntsen, Ana Lucía Cardenas-Egúsquiza, Maria Cristina Buzzo, Svend Brinkmann, Rick H Hoyle, David C Rubin","doi":"10.1037/xge0001954","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001954","url":null,"abstract":"Morality is central to human nature. Being morally accountable requires an understanding of oneself as existing through time and space and an ability to remember past events. We present the first series of studies systematically examining the frequency and characteristics of autobiographical memories for morally themed events using open-ended sampling of autobiographical memories followed by independent coding for morality, following a predefined coding scheme. Overall, the findings show that autobiographical memory plays a central role in relation to morality. Across three studies, using different cueing methods, a substantial proportion of memories referred to a moral theme, with the theme of caring (vs. harming) being especially pronounced. The frequency of memories with moral content increased with greater self-relevance of the memory cue. Across cueing conditions, we found a predominance of memories referring to events in which the person was the agent for a morally good act. Personal misdeeds, being the target for misdeeds, and the target for good deeds were remembered less frequently and dated to have taken place more distant in time. Analyses of self-rated memory characteristics showed a tendency to downplay the narrative importance and self-relevance of memories for personal misdeeds but yielded little support for the idea of impaired memory for such events. The findings are related to evolutionary theory of the development of complex social systems and integrate the study of autobiographical memory with the growing field of moral psychology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"2038-2059"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148251926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spontaneous perception of visuospatial ensembles. 对视觉空间集合的自发感知。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001973

Gabriel Waterhouse, Sami Yousif

{"title":"Spontaneous perception of visuospatial ensembles.","authors":"Gabriel Waterhouse, Sami Yousif","doi":"10.1037/xge0001973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001973","url":null,"abstract":"Look out at a forest. What do you see? You see visual masses of green; you see large numbers of leaves; you see the various sizes of the many different trees. Is one of those features more salient than the others? According to a popular view in cognitive science, number is perceptually prioritized over other visuospatial ensemble properties like density and size, such that when you look out at a forest, what you see first and foremost is the number of trees (or trunks, or leaves) rather than their size or their density, etc. The problem with these arguments is that they mostly hinge on comparisons to only one other dimension: cumulative area. Here, we ask a very simple question: Might there be some other dimension that is prioritized over number? Across five unique paradigms and 13 experiments with over 2,000 participants, we show that human adults prioritize average size over number, such that they are more likely to (a) categorize, (b) explicitly match, (c) notice changes in, and (d) identify extreme instances of that dimension. We additionally show that children behave the same way. For this reason, we argue against the universal salience of number, noting that these \"competitive\" approaches (i.e., in which dimensions are compared against each other) are often context-dependent. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"155 8","pages":"1985-2000"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metacognition and the dual function of social gaze. 元认知与社会凝视的双重功能。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001967

D Jacob Gerlofs, Alan Kingstone

{"title":"Metacognition and the dual function of social gaze.","authors":"D Jacob Gerlofs, Alan Kingstone","doi":"10.1037/xge0001967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001967","url":null,"abstract":"While the movement of one's eyes to extract information from the visual environment often occurs without conscious reflection, this may not be true when one's eyes are also a signal of information to others, such as in a social interaction. Metacognitive monitoring of one's ability to balance the use of gaze to both receive and send information has not been empirically tested. The present study investigated this issue by eye-tracking participants during a novel hide-and-seek paradigm. Hiders selected boxes on a computer display with the goal of cooperating with or deceiving a future seeker. Displays were either homogeneous or contained a visually conspicuous box. Hiders were either aware or unaware that their gaze would be revealed to future seekers. Hiders reported their confidence in their hiding success after every trial. To assess hider performance, a new group of participants (\"seekers\") were tasked with identifying the hiders' box selections after seeing an animation of hiders' fixations toward displays. The results indicate that hiders' confidence effectively predicted seeker accuracy, with this metacognitive ability being strongest when hiders both intentionally and cooperatively signaled with their eyes and when a visually conspicuous box aided communication. These findings highlight the capacity to monitor the use of one's gaze for both gathering and signaling information and reveal that this ability varies with both the environmental context and the form of communication. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"155 8","pages":"1967-1984"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interventions to reduce implicit weight bias: A focus on mechanisms and individual differences. 减少隐性体重偏差的干预措施：关注机制和个体差异。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-08 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001959

Amanda Ravary, Mark W Baldwin

{"title":"Interventions to reduce implicit weight bias: A focus on mechanisms and individual differences.","authors":"Amanda Ravary, Mark W Baldwin","doi":"10.1037/xge0001959","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001959","url":null,"abstract":"Implicit weight bias-an automatic negative evaluation of individuals with higher weight-is pervasive in society. Intervention efforts to reduce implicit weight bias have been sparse and rarely successful. However, a recent set of studies by Lai and Le Forestier (2025) found supportive evidence for successful modification of weight bias by testing a variety of mechanistic, theoretically grounded interventions based on procedures already shown to be effective in reducing implicit racial bias. In the present study, which extends that work, 1,305 adult participants completed a Weight Implicit Association Test before and after one of five online interventions or a control condition. Four of the five interventions tested yielded reductions in bias, compared to the control condition. We also adopted an inductive, data-driven approach to assess individual differences in response: Results demonstrated that interventions may be particularly impactful to the extent that individuals are optimally matched with procedures that suit their personal characteristics. Overall, this work provides additional evidence for the overall efficacy of interventions that are directed toward the known social cognitive mechanisms of implicit bias and reveals avenues for future research into moderators of intervention outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"2075-2090"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148198996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physical actions shape moral choices: Environment-directed movements reduce cheating in young children. 身体行为塑造道德选择：环境导向的运动减少了幼儿的作弊行为。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-18 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001943

Li Zhao, Xinxin Huang, Yuanyuan Lu, Haiying Mao, Fang Fang, Kang Lee

{"title":"Physical actions shape moral choices: Environment-directed movements reduce cheating in young children.","authors":"Li Zhao, Xinxin Huang, Yuanyuan Lu, Haiying Mao, Fang Fang, Kang Lee","doi":"10.1037/xge0001943","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001943","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines whether physical actions and moral decision making are causally linked. Across five preregistered studies involving 330 preschoolers (Mage = 5.96 years; 166 boys and 164 girls; middle-class Han Chinese), we investigated how distinct types of physical actions influence honesty and cheating behavior. Our findings revealed that children were consistently more honest when they performed an action on the environment (e.g., pulling down a screen on a box) than when they performed the same action on themselves (e.g., pulling down a blindfold they wore on their face). These results establish a robust causal link between physical actions and morality, demonstrating that the direction of action, that is, whether they are oriented toward the external environment or oneself, can significantly impact honesty. They challenge the traditional view that moral decisions are purely cognitive and disembodied processes. Instead, they emphasize the embodied nature of morality, where physical actions play a crucial role in shaping ethical choices from an early age. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"2021-2037"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148277564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visually guided foraging in virtual worlds: Domain-general properties of search behavior. 虚拟世界中的视觉引导觅食：搜索行为的域一般属性。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001969

Sarah K Salo, Alastair D Smith

{"title":"Visually guided foraging in virtual worlds: Domain-general properties of search behavior.","authors":"Sarah K Salo, Alastair D Smith","doi":"10.1037/xge0001969","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001969","url":null,"abstract":"Everyday human behavior involves economically driven search for visually relevant targets in complex three-dimensional environments. However, psychological research has typically examined visual search and foraging mechanisms separately, with insights into search emphasizing attentional efficiency and accounts of foraging highlighting decision making and cognitive control. In order to more closely examine the interrelation between these processes in fully motile environmental search, we devised a novel virtual reality paradigm that required participants to physically explore a large-scale 3D environment and collect multiple visually defined targets. The search environment was organized in patches, with search arrays presented across multiple tables. In single-feature search, targets were hidden beneath containers of a particular color, and in conjunction search, they were beneath containers of a particular color and shape. Across five experiments, results showed that participants gathered more targets when search was guided by a single feature, irrespective of explicit instruction, suggesting that core distinctions between single-feature and conjunction search generalize to large-scale exploratory search requiring full-body movements. In contrast, foraging decisions appeared to be more context-dependent and were shaped by both environmental constraints and available guidance cues. Analyses of individual difference revealed that executive function supported more structured search organization (e.g., exploration-exploitation trade-off), particularly when target representations were self-generated rather than externally provided, and spatial working memory maintained predefined search templates. These experiments further bridge the gap between visual search and foraging theories, offering a new framework for studying search in dynamic, real-world settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"155 8","pages":"1921-1947"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From chunks to schemas: Learning in the Hebb repetition paradigm. 从块到图式：Hebb重复范式下的学习。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-15 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001962

Krzysztof Piątkowski, Katarzyna Zawadzka, Maciej Hanczakowski

{"title":"From chunks to schemas: Learning in the Hebb repetition paradigm.","authors":"Krzysztof Piątkowski, Katarzyna Zawadzka, Maciej Hanczakowski","doi":"10.1037/xge0001962","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001962","url":null,"abstract":"The short-term and long-term memory systems are thought to interact via chunks-long-term memory representations that support the maintenance of information for a short term. The creation and use of chunks are examined in the Hebb repetition paradigm, where participants repeatedly study and retrieve the same list of serially presented memoranda (a so-called Hebb list), which ultimately become chunked. Studies conducted to date underscore the inflexible nature of thus created chunks, which always encompass the exact series of memoranda. However, the long-term memory system is thought to often rely on schemas-flexibly adjusted representations that allow for generalization and transfer of learning. Here, we examined whether the Hebb repetition paradigm can be used to induce the acquisition of schemas and their use to support short-term memory performance. We adapted the Hebb repetition paradigm so that participants learned and retrieved lists of category exemplars. Crucially, what was repeated here in the Hebb lists was the order of categories from which those exemplars were taken, while the memoranda themselves changed from one list presentation to another. We demonstrated that in this task, participants were able to derive the schema describing category order in the Hebb lists and use it to support short-term memory performance for a novel set of schema-consistent memoranda. We conclude that chunks and schemas can be seen as similar types of representations that jointly provide an interface between short-term and long-term memory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"2060-2074"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In here and out there: Evidence that age-related differences in memory specificity are attenuated in natural social conversations. 在这里和外面：有证据表明，在自然的社交对话中，与年龄相关的记忆特异性差异会减弱。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001961

Katelyn S McVeigh, Austin M Deffner, Daniel A Hernandez, Alexis N Garcia, David A Sbarra, Matthias R Mehl, Jessica R Andrews-Hanna, Matthew D Grilli

{"title":"In here and out there: Evidence that age-related differences in memory specificity are attenuated in natural social conversations.","authors":"Katelyn S McVeigh, Austin M Deffner, Daniel A Hernandez, Alexis N Garcia, David A Sbarra, Matthias R Mehl, Jessica R Andrews-Hanna, Matthew D Grilli","doi":"10.1037/xge0001961","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001961","url":null,"abstract":"Relative to younger adults, older adults describe autobiographical event memories using less episodic detail. This outcome, although robust and highly replicated, is based on studies conducted in laboratory contexts that use unfamiliar, impersonal structured interviews-a context that may place older adults at an episodic specificity disadvantage. The present preregistered study compared how young adults (N = 24) and cognitively normal older adults (N = 50) narrate autobiographical event memories in a laboratory context, and as they went about their daily lives, using a smartphone application that unobtrusively captured their natural conversations. Findings revealed a significant Context × Age Group interaction for autobiographical memory episodic specificity. Consistent with prior research, older adults recalled less episodic detail than young adults in the laboratory context. However, older adults' episodic detail was significantly higher in event memory narratives captured in their natural conversations relative to the memories they described in the laboratory-based structured interview. In fact, young and older adults did not significantly differ in how specifically they shared event memories in their natural conversations. We found a similar outcome when we zoomed out and examined overall autobiographical thought specificity in natural daily conversations. These findings, along with additional analyses examining how well laboratory measures of autobiographical and neuropsychological functioning predict everyday autobiographical thinking, suggest that even though laboratory tasks may provide some insight into how autobiographical event memories and thoughts are shared in daily conversation, they nonetheless underestimate older adults' natural episodic specificity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"155 8","pages":"1862-1881"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13425904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Internal domain generality for ensemble perception of average orientation: Comparing and integrating information from multiple stimulus categories. 平均取向集合感知的内域一般性：多刺激类别信息的比较与整合。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001963

Greer Gillies,Keisuke Fukuda,Jonathan S Cant

{"title":"Internal domain generality for ensemble perception of average orientation: Comparing and integrating information from multiple stimulus categories.","authors":"Greer Gillies,Keisuke Fukuda,Jonathan S Cant","doi":"10.1037/xge0001963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001963","url":null,"abstract":"Ensemble perception (the extraction of summary statistics from groups of objects) operates across a range of visual features and stimuli. Ensemble displays usually contain identical stimuli, although natural environments are composed of more heterogeneous items, raising the question of whether ensemble mechanisms can generalize across stimulus types (\"internal domain generality\"). We examined whether ensemble perception for orientation operates similarly across displays composed of different stimulus types (faces, shoes, triangles). In Experiment 1, participants compared average orientations across two homogeneous ensembles that were made up of either the same or different stimulus types. Participants were equally accurate when the stimulus types were the same compared to when they were different, suggesting that ensemble abilities are governed by a domain-general mechanism. In Experiments 2A and 2B, participants were shown one ensemble that was made of one stimulus type (pure) or two (mixed) and determined whether the direction of a probe arrow matched the average orientation. There were minimal differences in the pure condition. In the mixed condition, stimulus specificities emerged. When the ensemble contained triangles, participant responses were biased in the direction of those triangles. Further evidence of this triangle bias was found via a continuous report task (Experiment 3). When every item within an ensemble is the same, ability to extract summary statistics is similar across ensembles, but having more than one stimulus type within a single ensemble interferes with the extraction and subsequent report, suggesting that ensemble perception abilities show internal domain generality, but specificities emerge under certain circumstances. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148408523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Internal Domain Generality for Ensemble Perception of Average Orientation: Comparing and Integrating Information From Multiple Stimulus Categories 平均取向集合感知的内域一般性补充材料：多刺激类别信息的比较与整合

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-07-06 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001963.supp

引用次数: 0