Overheard evaluative comments can affect young children's effort.

IF 3.7 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL
Fengling Ma, Linghui Tang, Yutong Jiang, Xianming Luo, Brian J Compton, Gail D Heyman
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Abstract

Children stand to benefit from directing their efforts in ways that are socially valued, and this requires them to identify the behaviors that are likely to be seen as valuable. A key source of information for children, and the focus of the present research, is the evaluative comments about other people that they overhear. Participants were 5-year-old Chinese children (total N = 180 across four studies; 96 boys), and effort was operationalized as a willingness to wait. In Study 1, participants who overheard a positive comment about another child's waiting behavior waited longer than children in a control condition. Surprisingly, in Study 2, an overheard comment that described another child's waiting behavior as not smart also led to a high level of waiting. In contrast, in Study 3, a nonevaluative comment about another child's waiting behavior had no effect on children's waiting, nor did a global negative comment about another child's waiting behavior in Study 4. Taken together, these results shed light on the mechanisms underlying children's regulation of effort and the role of overheard evaluative comments in the socialization process. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

无意中听到的评价性评论会影响幼儿的努力。
孩子们会从引导他们的努力中受益,而这需要他们识别出可能被视为有价值的行为。孩子们获取信息的一个关键来源,也是本研究的重点,是他们无意中听到的对他人的评价。参与者为5岁的中国儿童(4项研究的总N = 180;96名男孩),努力被化为等待的意愿。在研究1中,无意中听到对另一个孩子等待行为的积极评价的参与者比对照组的孩子等待的时间更长。令人惊讶的是,在研究2中,无意中听到的评论说另一个孩子的等待行为不聪明,也导致了高水平的等待。相比之下,在研究3中,对另一个孩子的等待行为的非评价性评论对孩子的等待没有影响,在研究4中,对另一个孩子的等待行为的全面负面评论也没有影响。综上所述,这些结果揭示了儿童努力调节的机制以及无意中听到的评价性评论在社会化过程中的作用。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA,版权所有)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
4.90%
发文量
300
期刊介绍: The Journal of Experimental Psychology: General publishes articles describing empirical work that bridges the traditional interests of two or more communities of psychology. The work may touch on issues dealt with in JEP: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, JEP: Human Perception and Performance, JEP: Animal Behavior Processes, or JEP: Applied, but may also concern issues in other subdisciplines of psychology, including social processes, developmental processes, psychopathology, neuroscience, or computational modeling. Articles in JEP: General may be longer than the usual journal publication if necessary, but shorter articles that bridge subdisciplines will also be considered.
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