Journal of Experimental Psychology: General最新文献_第10页

The role of presentational timing in acquiring novel written and spoken word forms. 呈现时间在获得小说书面和口语单词形式中的作用。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001915

Johanna Funk, Falk Huettig, Florian Hintz

{"title":"The role of presentational timing in acquiring novel written and spoken word forms.","authors":"Johanna Funk, Falk Huettig, Florian Hintz","doi":"10.1037/xge0001915","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001915","url":null,"abstract":"Humans represent word knowledge in different modalities, including spoken and written forms. Language processing, such as reading comprehension, benefits from the synchronous retrieval of both forms. However, it is unknown how spoken and written words are best acquired and linked for subsequent synchronous retrieval. In the present study, we examine whether presentational timing affects word form acquisition and linking. We test whether synchronous or asynchronous presentation of novel written and spoken forms leads to better retention. In two exploratory (Experiment 1 = 30, Experiment 2 = 48) and one preregistered (Experiment 3 = 142) three-session experiments, participants studied Chinese words. During study, written (Pinyin) and spoken forms were presented simultaneously or asynchronously, with spoken preceding written forms and vice versa. In both exploratory experiments, we observed a recall advantage for spoken-first presentation at test, which required generating written forms when cued with the corresponding spoken forms. Experiment 3 assessed the robustness of these effects across tasks: the recall task used before and two recognition tasks (forced choice and match/mismatch). Replicating the earlier results, spoken-first learning enhanced later recall. However, recognition was unaffected by presentational timing. This dissociation suggests that only tasks with higher cognitive demands-such as recall-are sensitive to differences in presentational timing, whereas recognition tasks are not. The recall advantage for spoken-first aligns with prediction-based accounts of learning and highlights the importance of timing in linking novel word forms. These findings have implications for models of word learning and for instructional approaches in (foreign) language acquisition and rehabilitation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"155 5","pages":"1121-1150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lower level cognitive processes explain most of the unity of executive functions. 较低层次的认知过程解释了大部分执行功能的统一。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001910

Isis Angélica Segura, Hugo Cogo-Moreira, Ali Nouri, Johanna Hartung, David Marcusson-Clavertz, Sabine Pompéia

{"title":"Lower level cognitive processes explain most of the unity of executive functions.","authors":"Isis Angélica Segura, Hugo Cogo-Moreira, Ali Nouri, Johanna Hartung, David Marcusson-Clavertz, Sabine Pompéia","doi":"10.1037/xge0001910","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001910","url":null,"abstract":"Executive functions (EFs) are a set of cognitive abilities that regulate behavior to reach goals retained temporarily in mind. One of the most widely accepted theoretical accounts of EFs is the EF unity and diversity framework: a pattern of intercorrelation (unity) among three domains of EF (inhibition, shifting, updating) that is not near perfect, indicating separability (diversity) of the EFs. However, the structural validity of this framework remains debated, particularly regarding the difficulties in dissociating executive abilities from lower level cognitive processes (LLPs). EF cost measures, derived by subtracting performance in nonexecutive control conditions from executive task performance, have been proposed to isolate executive functioning, although this has faced increasing criticism, and cost scores are typically available only for inhibiting and shifting tasks, not updating. To address this issue, we reanalyzed four data sets (two adolescent and two adult samples, each with >180 participants) using structural equation modeling. An LLP latent factor representing shared variance from control conditions (task conditions with minimal executive demands) was regressed onto three intercorrelated EF factors, each capturing shared variance from the executive conditions without relying on cost scores. The results supported the three-intercorrelated EF factor model when only EF factors were included. In the model that incorporated the LLP factor, LLP strongly predicted all three EF domains and altered their intercorrelations, rendering most nonsignificant. We conclude that the EFs' intercorrelation patterns are substantially influenced by LLP, as the \"unity\" of EFs no longer holds once LLP is accounted for in all three EF latent domains. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"155 5","pages":"1282-1303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Learning affect norms: Implications for predictions, experiences, and social judgments. 学习影响规范：对预测、经验和社会判断的影响。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001914

Omri Maor, Yael Millgram, Amit Goldenberg, William A Cunningham, Maya Tamir

{"title":"Learning affect norms: Implications for predictions, experiences, and social judgments.","authors":"Omri Maor, Yael Millgram, Amit Goldenberg, William A Cunningham, Maya Tamir","doi":"10.1037/xge0001914","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001914","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to feelings of another can shape how we feel and think in that context. We propose that exposure to the feelings of multiple others carries broader implications that extend beyond the exposure context. We argue that people identify patterns of affective reactions in the social group, which leads them to infer affect norms. These norms, in turn, serve as benchmarks for subsequent social judgments. In four studies (N = 418), three of which were preregistered, we exposed participants to sequential affective reactions of multiple others and manipulated their intensity. We then tested the effects of such exposure on predictions of others' feelings, one's own feelings, and subsequent social judgments. Across studies, we show that people predict feelings of group members based on the norm they were exposed to, that they assimilate their own reactions to the norm, and that they subsequently judge social targets that deviate from the norm more negatively. Our findings demonstrate how exposure to feelings of multiple others enables people to learn affect norms, bridging research on emotions in dyads, groups, and cultures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"155 5","pages":"1193-1217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A late-stage neural signature of visual awareness in the no-report inattentional blindness paradigm. 未报告的非注意盲范式中视觉意识的晚期神经特征。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001918

Aixin Liu, Minran Chen, Song Zhao, Fan Zhao, Wenfeng Feng

{"title":"A late-stage neural signature of visual awareness in the no-report inattentional blindness paradigm.","authors":"Aixin Liu, Minran Chen, Song Zhao, Fan Zhao, Wenfeng Feng","doi":"10.1037/xge0001918","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001918","url":null,"abstract":"The search for the neural correlates of consciousness has long revolved around a theoretical debate between early posterior sensory processing and late anterior cognitive involvement. Although the late event-related potential (ERP)-P3b component-is increasingly interpreted as reflecting postperceptual, report-related processes rather than consciousness itself, it remains unclear whether other late-stage neural activity contributes to conscious perception. Recent findings derived from no-report paradigms suggest a late ERP candidate of it; however, its reliability and functional significance-especially regarding stimulus complexity-remain to be elucidated. To address these questions, we employed a no-report inattentional blindness paradigm across three ERP experiments. Experiments 1 and 2 used high-level, real-life object drawings (car and bell) to reliably evoke and characterize the potential late ERP component. Experiment 3 directly compared neural responses to these complex stimuli with those elicited by low-level geometric drawing (square) to examine the potential influence of stimulus complexity. Results consistently revealed a late bilateral occipital positivity following conscious perception of task-irrelevant, high-level objects, whereas this component was less reliable for simple geometric drawings. These findings put forward the late bilateral occipital positivity as a potential late-stage electrophysiological marker of the neural correlate of consciousness whose elicitation appears to be modulated by stimulus complexity, highlighting that the neural dynamics of consciousness may unfold as a multistage process, with early perceptual awareness being followed by later, content-specific processing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"155 5","pages":"1218-1238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forgetting as a consequence of retrieval suppression: A meta-analytic review. 遗忘是检索抑制的结果：一项荟萃分析综述。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001922

Chris A Clark, Daniel Todorovic, Benjamin J Levy, Kathrin C J Eschmann, Michael D Klein, Michael C Anderson, Kevin van Schie, Jedidiah Whitridge, Justine Yick, Jonathan M Fawcett

{"title":"Forgetting as a consequence of retrieval suppression: A meta-analytic review.","authors":"Chris A Clark, Daniel Todorovic, Benjamin J Levy, Kathrin C J Eschmann, Michael D Klein, Michael C Anderson, Kevin van Schie, Jedidiah Whitridge, Justine Yick, Jonathan M Fawcett","doi":"10.1037/xge0001922","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001922","url":null,"abstract":"Suppressing retrieval of a memory when faced with a reminder has been shown to reduce the probability of that memory coming to mind in the future, a phenomenon known as suppression-induced forgetting (SIF). However, efforts to observe SIF have sometimes failed, leading some to question the robustness of the effect. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of SIF within the think/no-think paradigm including several key methodological variants to the original design. Across 500 effects from 120 studies, we observed a consistent aggregate SIF effect (d ≈ 0.20-0.40) measured using either same probe (SIF ≈ 6%), independent probe (SIF ≈ 5%-6%), or recognition (SIF ≈ 2%-4%) tests. Notably, there was considerable methodological variability, and prediction intervals revealed substantial heterogeneity. Moderator analyses undertaken to explain this variability found SIF to be credibly larger when using (a) relatively more repetitions during the think/no-think phase within same probe data, (b) thought substitution instructions within same probe data (with the opposite observed for independent probe data), and (c) autobiographical memories (or future worries) as opposed to words or images. Results provide compelling evidence of the robustness of the SIF effect while also demonstrating limitations in the literature and areas of future interest. These findings not only reinforce theoretical claims about the role of inhibitory control in memory regulation but also provide empirically grounded recommendations for optimizing study design. As memory control is increasingly implicated in mental health and adaptive cognition, the present work establishes a foundation for future translational efforts and sets clear methodological benchmarks for the next generation of research into motivated forgetting. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"155 5","pages":"1318-1346"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retrieving noncued episodic memories by taking a cascading walk down memory lane(s). 通过在记忆通道中进行层叠式的散步来检索无线索的情景记忆。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001920

Achiel Fenneman, Claus Lamm

{"title":"Retrieving noncued episodic memories by taking a cascading walk down memory lane(s).","authors":"Achiel Fenneman, Claus Lamm","doi":"10.1037/xge0001920","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001920","url":null,"abstract":"Why are some episodic memories brought to mind more easily than others? And how can we search our past experiences in a computationally tractable manner? In this work we propose that a process of cascading memory retrieval provides insight into both questions. Memories are retrieved sequentially, whereby the retrieval of one memory provides the input for retrieving a subsequent memory. This process can be represented as sequential steps on a directed memory graph. Such a cascading walk through episodic memory predicts two previously undocumented mnemonic phenomena: a predictable ordering in the sequence through which memories are retrieved and that memories are less likely to be retrieved if the mnemonic path between a stimulus and the memory contains subpaths with dead ends. We validate these phenomena through two experiments. As predicted, our findings reveal that the retrieval of past experiences is guided by the topology of the associative network. This cascading walk bridges between models of associative recall and stochastic sampling models, provides a mechanism to retrieve episodic memories in hippocampal (p)replay and mind wandering, suggests that both episodic memories and semantic knowledge may be retrieved through a random walk process, and provides a source mechanism for sequential sampling models. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"155 5","pages":"1304-1317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Workplace inauthenticity increases organizational cynicism: Multimethod and multicultural evidence. 工作场所的不真实性增加了组织的玩世不恭：多方法和多元文化证据。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-26 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001908

Li Huang, Eric Y Lou

{"title":"Workplace inauthenticity increases organizational cynicism: Multimethod and multicultural evidence.","authors":"Li Huang, Eric Y Lou","doi":"10.1037/xge0001908","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001908","url":null,"abstract":"Organizational psychology portrays workplace inauthenticity as an aversive state that individuals passively endure. Social psychology regards it as a threat to individuals' virtuous true self that they actively defend against. Bridging the two literatures, we predict that workplace inauthenticity triggers an active defense in the form of organizational cynicism, an effect mediated through perceived person-organization value incongruence. The current research reports six studies (total N = 2,844) testing these novel predictions. Using an experimental-causal-chain design, Studies 1a and 2 found that experimentally manipulated workplace inauthenticity predicted perceived value incongruence, and experimentally manipulated value incongruence predicted organizational cynicism. Using a cross-lagged design and a multicultural sample, Study 1b triangulated Study 1a in the field. Using a time-lagged design and ecologically valid or behavioral measures of organizational cynicism, controlling for trait cynicism and trait negative affectivity, and bolstered by non-U.S. or preregistered pilot studies reported in the Supplemental File, Study 3 found support for our predictions in the field. Experimentally or statistically excluding negative affect as a confound or an alternative mechanism, and bolstered by pilot studies reported in the Supplemental File, Studies 4a and 4b examined indirect effects of manipulated workplace inauthenticity on organizational cynicism via perceived value incongruence. We conclude that individuals agentically cope with workplace inauthenticity through morally delegitimizing expressions and subversive behaviors toward employing organizations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"1151-1171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147289644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A population vector model of visual working memory for real-world scenes. 真实场景视觉工作记忆的人口向量模型。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001921

John E Kiat, Steven J Luck

{"title":"A population vector model of visual working memory for real-world scenes.","authors":"John E Kiat, Steven J Luck","doi":"10.1037/xge0001921","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001921","url":null,"abstract":"Visual working memory is essential for navigating through and interacting with complex real-world environments. It is therefore important to understand how natural visual inputs-characterized by complex contours, continuously varying feature gradients, and spatial relationships-are represented in working memory. However, most research in this field has focused on simplified arrays of discrete artificial objects, favoring experimental control and modeling simplicity over ecological validity. This has led to quantitative models of working memory that require inputs consisting of easily parsed objects defined by a single value along one or more simple feature dimensions. It is not clear how these models could be updated to represent complex, photograph-like scenes. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a population vector model of working memory that was designed specifically for real-world scenes. This model represents a scene as a noisy vector of neural firing rates across one or more areas of the ventral pathway, as estimated by a deep neural network model. We show that this model can account for both variations in behavioral performance and patterns of brain activity in tasks that require storing naturalistic scenes in working memory. These results demonstrate the viability of our general modeling approach, setting the stage for more sophisticated models that can fully account for the storage of real-world scenes in working memory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"155 5","pages":"1257-1281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13137055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Negative emotion reduces associative memory not only in adults, but also in children. 负面情绪不仅会减少成年人的联想记忆，而且会减少儿童的联想记忆。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001913

Neslihan Önay Forthomme, Ulrike Rimmele

{"title":"Negative emotion reduces associative memory not only in adults, but also in children.","authors":"Neslihan Önay Forthomme, Ulrike Rimmele","doi":"10.1037/xge0001913","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001913","url":null,"abstract":"Age and emotion critically affect associative memory and, consequently, the integration of different elements into a holistic memory representation, termed \"memory coherence.\" We examined the effect of both of these factors (emotion and age) simultaneously on associative memory and memory coherence in children and young adults. In Experiment 1, 6- to 7-year-olds (n = 22) and young adults (n = 28) and, in Experiment 2, 6- to 8-year-olds (n = 26), 9- to 11-year-olds (n = 29), and young adults (n = 30) learned events consisting of three elements (a face, a scene, and an object). Half of the events were negative, featuring sad faces, and the other half included neutral faces. Memory was tested across all associations for each event. The procedure of the two experiments was identical, but the encoding duration was reduced to 6 s in Experiment 2 (vs. 12 s in Experiment 1). In both experiments, emotion reduced associative memory in children as well as in adults. Crucially, all age groups except 6- to 7-year-olds showed coherent retrieval of both neutral and negative events, with the youngest group displaying disrupted memory coherence for emotional events, possibly due to stronger negative emotions. These findings suggest that emotion impairs associative memory already in children of a young age. In addition, our findings show a distinct pattern: Associative memory changes with age groups, while memory coherence remains stable. These results raise new questions about the affective and developmental components of human memory and provide valuable insights for clinical and educational settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"155 5","pages":"1239-1256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Children learn what is right or wrong selectively from a legitimate authority's punishment. 孩子们从合法权威的惩罚中选择性地学习什么是对或错。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-04-23 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001927

Young-Eun Lee,Setayesh Radkani,Rebecca Saxe

引用次数: 0