Journal of Experimental Psychology: General最新文献_第4页

Supplemental Material for A Two-Dimensional Framework for Prior Knowledge in Goal-Directed Navigation 目标导向导航中先验知识的二维框架补充材料

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-07-06 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001950.supp

引用次数: 0

Sequential effects in visual search, action control, and task switching: Evidence for distinct episodic-retrieval mechanisms. 视觉搜索、动作控制和任务切换的顺序效应：不同情景检索机制的证据。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-21 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001942

Daniel Toledano, Tamar Alkalai, Dominique Lamy

{"title":"Sequential effects in visual search, action control, and task switching: Evidence for distinct episodic-retrieval mechanisms.","authors":"Daniel Toledano, Tamar Alkalai, Dominique Lamy","doi":"10.1037/xge0001942","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001942","url":null,"abstract":"Everyday tasks typically require us to flexibly change our goals, prioritize relevant objects, and select appropriate motor responses. The task-switching, visual-search, and action-control literatures that study these abilities have all documented striking sequential effects (i.e., a strong impact on behavior when various aspects of a task repeat from one trial to the next) and suggested different mechanisms to explain them. However, crosstalk between these literatures has typically been restricted to pairs, with little attempt to integrate all three. Therefore, how these effects interact in complex tasks remains largely unknown. We addressed this question in four experiments. Participants searched for a target among distractors. A precue indicated the task for the upcoming trial (i.e., which object to search for). The task, target location, and motor response either repeated or changed randomly. We found that when participants were highly incentivized to prepare for the upcoming task, the location of the target from previous trials (n-1 and n-2) influenced performance only when the task repeated from these trials. By contrast, location-response binding effects were largely unaffected by task preparation or by trials earlier than the previous one. These findings are consistent with two different episodic-retrieval mechanisms. A proactive and task-dependent episodic-retrieval mechanism accounts for the attentional bias toward previous target locations documented in the visual-search literature. An episodic-retrieval mechanism that is largely task-independent and operates later accounts for the binding-and-retrieval effects documented in the action-control literature. Our findings also provide novel evidence for task preparation and task inertia in task switching. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"1702-1725"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147987711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-11 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001953

Yi Zhang, Ting Zhao, Xingyuan Zhang, Yuqing Liu, Wenxi Jin, Jipeng Duan, Jun Yin

{"title":"Group-related network schema guides the learning of social networks.","authors":"Yi Zhang, Ting Zhao, Xingyuan Zhang, Yuqing Liu, Wenxi Jin, Jipeng Duan, Jun Yin","doi":"10.1037/xge0001953","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001953","url":null,"abstract":"Navigating complex social environments requires understanding how individuals are connected within social networks. People are highly efficient at integrating dyadic relationships into larger network structures. However, social networks are embedded within different types of groups (e.g., task groups vs. social categories), raising the question of how group typology shapes the learning and representation of social networks. Across four experiments, we demonstrate that group-related network schemas-specifically, expectations that task groups are more interconnected and centralized than social categories-systematically guide social network learning and representation. Participants exhibited prior expectations about the relational structure of different group types, and memory for social relationships was enhanced when the learned network structure aligned with these schematic expectations, producing a matching effect that was correlated with schema strength (Experiment 1). This effect was causally driven by schema strength: Weakening group-related schemas through explicit descriptions attenuated the matching effect (Experiment 2). Critically, the effect was domain specific: When social relationships were replaced with nonsocial connections (airport-flight networks), the matching effect disappeared despite comparable structural properties and task demands (Experiment 3). Computational modeling using the Successor Representation framework further revealed that schema-structure misalignment reduced multistep abstraction, reflected in lower successor discount parameters (γ), yielding less integrated global representations of social networks (Experiment 4). Together, these findings show that social network learning is guided by top-down group-related schemas. It advances our understanding of social network cognition by highlighting the importance of schema-driven abstraction and by bridging local learning mechanisms with global representational structure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"1834-1848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148217826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Affective evaluation of self-produced action-effect episodes. 自产动作效果剧集的情感评价。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001935

Moritz Reis, Robert Wirth

{"title":"Affective evaluation of self-produced action-effect episodes.","authors":"Moritz Reis, Robert Wirth","doi":"10.1037/xge0001935","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001935","url":null,"abstract":"Predictable action outcomes are central to goal-directed behavior. Prior research has shown that expected action effects confer performance advantages. Yet the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain debated. Across six preregistered online experiments (N = 702), we examined whether the expectancy of an action effect shapes the affective evaluation of corresponding action-effect episodes. In each study, participants responded to stimuli by clicking on buttons that produced effects with either high (stimulus-congruent) or low (stimulus-incongruent) expectancy. Induced affect was assessed using both implicit (affective priming) and explicit (valence ratings) measures. Overall, high-expectancy episodes elicited relatively more positive affect than low-expectancy episodes. For our implicit measure, this effect persisted unless correspondence among all task events (stimulus, response, and effect) was simultaneously reduced (Experiments 2 + 3). Furthermore, this outcome could not be attributed to mere visual mismatch between stimulus and effect (Experiment 4) and was observed even when stimulus-congruent effects were less likely to occur than stimulus-incongruent ones (Experiments 5 + 6). These findings suggest that expected action outcomes elicit positive affect, thus offering a parsimonious explanation for performance advantages previously attributed to more complex mechanisms like ideomotor accounts or response monitoring. More broadly, we propose that affective evaluation of action-effect episodes represents a fundamental mechanism governing behavior across multiple psychological domains, from basic action control to complex behavior in various settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"1823-1833"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visual and auditory object recognition in relation to spatial ability. 视觉和听觉对象识别与空间能力的关系。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-18 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001931

Conor J R Smithson, Jason K Chow, Andrew J Tomarken, Isabel Gauthier

引用次数: 0

When a helpful bias is unhelpful: Limitations in reasoning about random and deliberately misleading evidence. 当有益的偏见没有帮助时：对随机和故意误导的证据进行推理的局限性。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-04 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001939

Manikya Alister, Keith J Ransom, Andrew Perfors

{"title":"When a helpful bias is unhelpful: Limitations in reasoning about random and deliberately misleading evidence.","authors":"Manikya Alister, Keith J Ransom, Andrew Perfors","doi":"10.1037/xge0001939","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001939","url":null,"abstract":"Social information aids learning: By making assumptions about other people's knowledge and intentions, people can draw strong and accurate inferences from limited data. In this study, we systematically tested people's ability to reason from information providers with different intentions. The task was an adaptation of Shafto et al.'s (2014) rectangle game, where learners guessed a rectangle's size and location based on provided clues. We examined reasoning based on information from four types of providers: a helpful provider, a provider who sampled randomly, and two misleading providers (who could mislead but not lie). We also varied whether people were given a cover story describing the provider in advance or whether they could infer how helpful a provider was based on what the provider shared. Participants learned efficiently from helpful providers, aligning closely with the predictions of a normative Bayesian model, even without a cover story. However, while people usually recognized unhelpful providers, they struggled to identify and respond appropriately to misleading strategies. Overall, our results suggest a helpful bias: In our task, participants assumed helpful intent unless given explicit feedback, and even then, they did not fully adjust in line with Bayesian predictions. People also struggled to overcome this bias when learning from randomly sampled information, especially when they had experience being an information provider themselves (Experiment 3). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"1784-1808"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148163436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Testing a sensory preactivation account of attention guidance from visual working memory. 视觉工作记忆对注意力引导的感官预激活解释测试。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-08 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001947

Zexuan Niu, Andrew Hollingworth

{"title":"Testing a sensory preactivation account of attention guidance from visual working memory.","authors":"Zexuan Niu, Andrew Hollingworth","doi":"10.1037/xge0001947","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001947","url":null,"abstract":"Visual working memory (VWM) maintains visual information in support of ongoing cognitive functions, such as attentional guidance. Here, we tested the standard account of attention guidance by VWM, in which sensory-level preactivation during VWM maintenance interacts with new sensory processing to enhance the relative priority of matching items. To do this, we tested, broadly, whether sensory preactivation can support a guidance function. Participants viewed a preview color for 50 ms that they either did or did not have to remember. This was followed by a search array after a variable interstimulus interval of 0-500 ms, in 50 ms steps. A search-array item matching the preview color was either the target or a distractor, allowing us to assess attention guidance. We compared guidance by VWM (memory demand: Experiment 1) with guidance from sensory preactivation alone (no memory demand: Experiments 2-4), focusing on the interstimulus interval range of iconic memory. In that range, sensory persistence from the preview color should have overlapped, temporally, with the appearance of the search array. If sensory preactivation is the source of attention guidance from VWM, we predicted that sensory persistence from a physical stimulus should generate guidance qualitatively similar to that from VWM. The results disconfirmed this hypothesis, as sensory persistence alone generated no or only weak attention guidance, differing qualitatively from the robust guidance generated by VWM. The results indicate that sensory recruitment during VWM maintenance is unlikely to be central to attention guidance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"1668-1680"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148198993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sequential information preferences in uncertain decision making. 不确定决策中的顺序信息偏好。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-14 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001941

Uma R Karmarkar, John A Clithero, Carolina Raffaelli

引用次数: 0

Separating cognitive development from language development in the acquisition of negation using international adoption. 用国际收养法区分否定习得中的认知发展与语言发展。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-04 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001938

Annika McDermott-Hinman, Samuel Zimmerman, Jesse Snedeker, Roman Feiman

{"title":"Separating cognitive development from language development in the acquisition of negation using international adoption.","authors":"Annika McDermott-Hinman, Samuel Zimmerman, Jesse Snedeker, Roman Feiman","doi":"10.1037/xge0001938","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001938","url":null,"abstract":"Children learning words face at least one challenge, maybe two. First, children must gather enough information to identify which concept maps to which word (a linguistic bottleneck). Second, for this mapping to be possible, children may need to acquire the concept itself if it is not already available (a conceptual bottleneck). We investigate whether children face both challenges or only the first when learning the English words for negation, a concept that is abstract and nonreferential, yet universal across human thought and languages. We tested whether a linguistic bottleneck is sufficient to explain how children learn to express negation by comparing negation production in typical English learners and older internationally adopted preschoolers, who are more conceptually mature but face a similar language-learning task. If infants normally face a conceptual bottleneck, older adoptees, who do not, should learn negation faster. If the only bottleneck is linguistic, the two groups should learn negation at the same rate relative to their acquisition of English. In Study 1, parent reports on the Communicative Development Inventory showed that older international adoptees and language-matched infant first-language learners begin producing no and not at the same point in vocabulary growth. Study 2 examined children's production of logical denial uses of negation words in longitudinal corpora of parent-child interactions. Adopted preschoolers' and language-matched infants' production of denials increased at the same rate relative to the mean length of children's utterances. Matching patterns of negation acquisition in internationally adopted preschoolers and first-language-learning infants support a solely linguistic, not conceptual, bottleneck on learning negation words. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"1629-1647"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148163354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Signatures of adaptive memory search: How early linguistic input shapes strategic use of lexical information. 适应性记忆搜索的特征：早期语言输入如何塑造词汇信息的策略使用。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-18 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001917

Channing E Hambric, C Sophia Rammell, William G Kronenberger, David B Pisoni, Michael N Jones, Abhilasha A Kumar

{"title":"Signatures of adaptive memory search: How early linguistic input shapes strategic use of lexical information.","authors":"Channing E Hambric, C Sophia Rammell, William G Kronenberger, David B Pisoni, Michael N Jones, Abhilasha A Kumar","doi":"10.1037/xge0001917","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001917","url":null,"abstract":"Producing words during the semantic fluency task (e.g., \"name all the animals you can in a minute\") involves not only activating the relevant semantic representations but also being able to flexibly utilize phonological information to facilitate retrieval. However, the mechanisms by which individuals effectively use phonology as a latent cue during memory search remain understudied. In this study, we used a computational approach to examine the use of different lexical sources during memory search in two categorical domains (Animals and Foods) within the semantic fluency task. We captured the relative saliency of semantic and acoustic information by creating blended lexical representations obtained from two language models trained on text (word2vec) and speech (speech2vec). To examine process-level mechanisms, we implemented computational models based on optimal foraging principles to characterize transitions within and across clusters of related items. These models were evaluated within a sample of normal hearing children and a naturally occurring control group with limited early auditory and language experience-prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants. Overall, in domains where semantics and phonology were more highly correlated (i.e., Foods), greater use of phonology in within-cluster transitions was associated with better fluency performance for children with normal hearing. In contrast, though children with cochlear implants amplified acoustic structural information in these domains, they were less able to flexibly leverage phonological information to retrieve more items within clusters. Together, this work highlights how early linguistic experience shapes the ability to use semantic and phonological cues to navigate lexical space in a controlled, adaptive manner. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"1589-1605"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147963810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0