Journal of Experimental Psychology: General最新文献_第4页

Shortcuts to insincerity: Texting abbreviations seem insincere and not worth answering. 不真诚的捷径：短信缩写显得不真诚，不值得回复。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001684

David Fang, Yiran Eileen Zhang, Sam J Maglio

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Risky hybrid foraging: The impact of risk, reward value, and prevalence on foraging behavior in hybrid visual search. 风险混合觅食：混合视觉搜索中风险、奖励价值和普遍性对觅食行为的影响。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001652

Yanjun Liu, Jeremy M Wolfe, Jennifer S Trueblood

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Confidence regulates feedback processing during human probabilistic learning. 信心调节人类概率学习过程中的反馈处理。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001669

Michael Ben Yehuda, Robin A Murphy, Mike E Le Pelley, Danielle J Navarro, Nick Yeung

{"title":"Confidence regulates feedback processing during human probabilistic learning.","authors":"Michael Ben Yehuda, Robin A Murphy, Mike E Le Pelley, Danielle J Navarro, Nick Yeung","doi":"10.1037/xge0001669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001669","url":null,"abstract":"Uncertainty presents a key challenge when learning how best to act to attain a desired outcome. People can report uncertainty in the form of confidence judgments, but how such judgments contribute to learning and subsequent decisions remains unclear. In a series of three experiments employing an operant learning task, we tested the hypothesis that confidence plays a central role in learning by regulating resource allocation to the seeking and processing of feedback. We predicted that, as participants' confidence in their task knowledge grew, they would discount feedback when it was provided and be correspondingly less willing to pay for it when it was costly. Consistent with these predictions, we found that higher confidence was associated with reduced electrophysiological markers of feedback processing and decreased updating of beliefs following feedback receipt. Bayesian modeling suggests that this decrease in processing was due to a drop in the expected informative value of novel information when participants were highly confident. Thus, when choosing whether to pay a fee to receive further feedback, participants' subjective confidence, rather than the objective accuracy of their decisions, guided their choices. Overall, our results suggest that confidence regulates learning and subsequent decision making. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Fighting fiscal awkwardness: How relationship strength changes individuals' communication approach when resolving interpersonal debt. 与财政尴尬作斗争：关系强度如何改变个人在解决人际债务问题时的沟通方式。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001689

Alexander B Park, Cynthia Cryder, Rachel Gershon

{"title":"Fighting fiscal awkwardness: How relationship strength changes individuals' communication approach when resolving interpersonal debt.","authors":"Alexander B Park, Cynthia Cryder, Rachel Gershon","doi":"10.1037/xge0001689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001689","url":null,"abstract":"Social interactions can be uncomfortable. The current research focuses on a particularly uneasy interaction that individuals face with their friends and acquaintances: the need to request owed money back. Nine preregistered studies (N = 6,953) show that individuals' approach to resolving interpersonal debt varies based on their closeness with the requestee. Specifically, people prefer communication methods low in social richness (e.g., digital apps) when requesting money back from weak social connections such as distant acquaintances. However, they prefer communication methods high in social richness (e.g., in-person interactions) when requesting money back from strong social connections such as close friends. Process evidence reveals the psychological dynamics at play: (a) people anticipate discomfort when requesting money back from distant acquaintances in person, driving them away from in-person requests and toward digital apps, and (b) people are more averse to appearing impersonal with close friends, driving them away from digital apps and toward in-person requests. In sum, individuals adaptively approach uncomfortable financial interactions based on the relationship dynamics at hand. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Logging out or leaning in? Social media strategies for enhancing well-being. 退出还是融入？提高幸福感的社交媒体策略

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001668

Amori Yee Mikami, Adri Khalis, Vasileia Karasavva

{"title":"Logging out or leaning in? Social media strategies for enhancing well-being.","authors":"Amori Yee Mikami, Adri Khalis, Vasileia Karasavva","doi":"10.1037/xge0001668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001668","url":null,"abstract":"Social media use is endemic among emerging adults, raising concerns that this trend may harm users. We tested whether reducing the quantity of social media use, relative to improving the way users engage with social media, benefits psychological well-being. Participants were 393 social media users (ages 17-29) in Canada, with elevated psychopathology symptoms, who perceived social media to negatively impact their life somewhat. They were randomized to either (a) assistance to engage with social media in a way to enhance connectedness (tutorial), (b) encouragement to abstain from social media (abstinence), or (c) no instructions to change behavior (control). Participants' social media behaviors were self-reported and tracked using phone screen time apps while well-being was self-reported, over four timepoints (6 weeks in total). Results suggested that the tutorial and abstinence groups, relative to control, reduced their quantity of social media use and the amount of social comparisons they made on social media, with abstinence being the most effective. Tutorial was the only condition to reduce participants' fear of missing out and loneliness, and abstinence was the only condition to reduce internalizing symptoms, relative to control. No condition differences emerged in eating pathology or the tendency to make social comparisons in an upward direction. Changes in social media behaviors mediated the effects of abstinence (but not of tutorial) on well-being outcomes. Participant engagement and perceptions of helpfulness were acceptable, but the abstinence group possibly perceived the content as less helpful. In conclusion, using social media differently and abstaining from social media may each benefit well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The neural instantiation of spontaneous counterfactual thought. 自发反事实思维的神经实例化。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001676

Regan M Bernhard, Fiery Cushman, Alara Cameron Jessey Wright, Jonathan Phillips

{"title":"The neural instantiation of spontaneous counterfactual thought.","authors":"Regan M Bernhard, Fiery Cushman, Alara Cameron Jessey Wright, Jonathan Phillips","doi":"10.1037/xge0001676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001676","url":null,"abstract":"Many of the most interesting cognitive feats that humans perform require us to consider not just the things that actually occur but also alternative possibilities. We often do this explicitly (e.g., when imagining precisely how a first date could have gone better), but other times we do it spontaneously and implicitly (e.g., when thinking, \"I have to catch this bus,\" implying bad alternatives if the bus is not caught). A growing body of research has identified a core set of neural processes involved in explicit, episodic counterfactual thinking. Little is known, however, about the processes supporting the spontaneous, possibly implicit representation of alternatives. To make progress on this question, we induced participants to spontaneously generate counterfactual alternatives by asking them to judge whether agents were forced to make a particular choice or chose freely-a judgment that implicitly depends on their alternative options. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found 14 clusters that were preferentially engaged when participants were making force judgments (which elicit the spontaneous consideration of alternatives) compared to judgments of what actually occurred (which do not elicit alternatives). These clusters were widely distributed throughout the brain, including in the bilateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral inferior parietal lobule, bilateral middle and inferior temporal gyri, bilateral posterior cingulate, and bilateral caudate. In many of these regions, we additionally show that variability in the neural signal correlates with trial-by-trial variability in participants' force judgments. Our findings provide a first characterization of the neural substrates of the spontaneous representation of counterfactual alternatives. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does affective processing require awareness? On the use of the Perceptual Awareness Scale in response priming research. 情感处理需要知觉吗？关于在反应引物研究中使用知觉意识量表。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001648

Dirk Wentura, Michaela Rohr, Markus Kiefer

{"title":"Does affective processing require awareness? On the use of the Perceptual Awareness Scale in response priming research.","authors":"Dirk Wentura, Michaela Rohr, Markus Kiefer","doi":"10.1037/xge0001648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001648","url":null,"abstract":"Masked priming paradigms are frequently used to shine light on the processes of nonconscious cognition. Introducing a new method to this field, Lähteenmäki et al. (2015) claimed that affective priming requires awareness. Specifically, they administered a subjective rating task after the priming task in each trial to directly assess awareness of the prime. Their main result was a lack of priming for subjectively unaware primes. In four experiments, we compared their method with the traditional paradigm, that is, a single-task priming phase followed by a direct test of prime recognition. We used faces with anger versus sadness expressions as primes and targets; emotion categorization was the task. In contrast to Lähteenmäki et al., primes and targets were drawn from different sets, such that priming effects can be unequivocally attributed to the processing of evaluative features. In Experiments 1a, b, we followed their approach of using different prime durations to produce variance in awareness ratings. With a duration of 40 ms, significant priming effects for subjectively unaware primes were found. This duration was also associated with priming effects in the traditional paradigm with near-zero objective prime categorization, suggesting that priming does not require awareness. In Experiment 2a, employing a constant 40-ms duration, we replicated the traditional effect. However, the parallel Experiment 2b with subjective awareness ratings produced a null result at a sharply increased response time level. We conclude that the claim that affective processing requires awareness is not justified. Subjective trial-by-trial visibility ratings can severely alter processing strategies in response priming paradigms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Going through the motions: Biasing of dynamic attentional templates. 走过场动态注意模板的偏差

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001665

Sage E P Boettcher, Anna C Nobre

{"title":"Going through the motions: Biasing of dynamic attentional templates.","authors":"Sage E P Boettcher, Anna C Nobre","doi":"10.1037/xge0001665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001665","url":null,"abstract":"Attention must coordinate with memory to actively anticipate sensory input and guide action. Memory content may be biased away from veridical when it is functionally adaptive. So far, research has considered the biasing of still features in static displays. It is unknown whether the biasing of attentional templates can functionally adapt dynamic stimuli to facilitate search when targets and distractors compete within temporally extended contexts. Biasing of dynamic templates would require learning and modulatory mechanisms capable of abstracting over space and time to guide perception. Four experiments used a novel dynamic visual search task combined with a memory probe to test whether dynamic attentional templates can be biased. In Experiments 1-3, participants searched for a moving target among distractors that systematically moved either clockwise or counterclockwise relative to the target. On memory probe trials, participants recalled the target direction as biased away from the distractors. The distortion bias was adaptively changed (Experiment 2), grew over time (Experiment 2), and occurred even when motion direction was not the target-defining feature (Experiment 3). Experiment 4 manipulated the speed of targets and distractors to test the generalizability of the findings. Participants searched for a target of a given speed among faster or slower distractors. Memory probing revealed that participants remembered the target speed as biased away from that of distractors. Across different tasks, the magnitude of the biasing correlated positively with search performance. Our findings provide compelling evidence that dynamic stimulus attributes in attentional templates can become functionally biased when adaptive. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recognizing the beauty in diversity: Exposure to body-positive content on social media broadens women's concept of ideal body weight. 认识到多样性的美：社交媒体上积极正面的身体内容扩大了女性对理想体重的概念。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001397

Jan-Philipp Stein, Sophie Scheufen, Markus Appel

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Can I see myself there? How Black potential applicants use diversity cues to learn about graduate program climate. 我能在那里看到自己吗？黑人潜在申请人如何利用多样性线索来了解研究生项目的氛围。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001571

Keturah P Ragland, Samuel R Sommers

{"title":"Can I see myself there? How Black potential applicants use diversity cues to learn about graduate program climate.","authors":"Keturah P Ragland, Samuel R Sommers","doi":"10.1037/xge0001571","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001571","url":null,"abstract":"In academia, showcasing diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) values has become increasingly prominent in efforts to recruit students and faculty with marginalized identities, yet little work has examined the empirical effects that such DEI practices and identity safety cues have on the perceptions of these institutions. In the present study, we examine the contextual factors that shape how Black science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) students learn and draw inferences about diversity and cultural climate in the graduate programs to which they consider applying. A sample of 217 Black participants with background in a STEM discipline viewed a mock academic department website which presented varied combinations of expressed diversity cues (diversity vs. neutral mission statement) and/or evidence-based diversity cues (racially diverse vs. all-White faculty). Participants reported perceptions of the department's DEI culture, their own perceived fit within the program, and belief of future personal success within that institution. Results indicated a significant main effect of evidence-based cue, in the form of faculty diversity, on all examined outcomes, with Black participants more positively assessing a program exhibiting this cue. An expressed cue, in the form of diversity statement, did not have significant effects. These results indicate that in higher education, as in other settings, evidence-based cues may be more effective means to cue identity safety. This study provides a foundation for future research to help guide efforts of academic programs seeking to create a welcoming and supportive climate for all potential applicants. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"2742-2750"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140858999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0