Journal of Experimental Psychology: General最新文献_第4页

Restoring a top-down control assumption: Salience effects in working memory are overcome with time. 恢复自上而下的控制假设：工作记忆中的显著效应随着时间的推移而被克服。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001776

Nicholas Gaspelin,Nelson Cowan

{"title":"Restoring a top-down control assumption: Salience effects in working memory are overcome with time.","authors":"Nicholas Gaspelin,Nelson Cowan","doi":"10.1037/xge0001776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001776","url":null,"abstract":"Working memory is a short-term storage space for cognitive information with a highly limited capacity. Due to this limited capacity, many theories address the issue of how items compete in working memory. The present study assesses whether the relative salience of items is automatically important or whether the deployment of working memory is more flexible than that. Some recent studies have suggested that salient stimuli are automatically prioritized in visual working memory. If true, this would suggest a fundamental inflexibility in how information is stored and remembered. We critically evaluate this claim and provide evidence favoring a more flexible account, which allows for top-down control to mitigate the influence of salience on working memory representations. Across four experiments, we support this account by demonstrating that previously observed relative salience effects on recall are not fully automatic and can be greatly reduced by allowing sufficient time to find all task-relevant objects. These findings suggest that salient objects are not inflexibly prioritized in working memory; but rather low-salience objects are difficult to find and encode, especially in large displays at brief time limits. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Experience shapes the granularity of social perception: Computational insights into individual and group-based representations. 经验塑造了社会感知的粒度：对基于个人和群体的表征的计算见解。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001770

Suraiya Allidina,Michael L Mack,William A Cunningham

{"title":"Experience shapes the granularity of social perception: Computational insights into individual and group-based representations.","authors":"Suraiya Allidina,Michael L Mack,William A Cunningham","doi":"10.1037/xge0001770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001770","url":null,"abstract":"People are regularly conceptualized at varying levels of resolution, sometimes characterized by their idiosyncratic features while at other times seen as mere tokens of their social groups. Decades of research have sought to understand when perceivers will draw upon each of these types of representations, detailing the perceiver- and target-related features that may decrease reliance on stereotypes in favor of individuated knowledge. However, little work has examined how these representations might be formed in the first place: In order for individuated representations of others to be used, they must first be built through experience. Here, we offer a novel approach to characterizing the formation of social representations through the use of computational models of category learning. Across three experiments, participants learned about members of novel social groups who behaved positively or negatively toward them. Computational modeling of participants' task behavior revealed a critical interaction of perceiver motivations and learning context on representations. Participants who received selective feedback about targets only upon approaching them formed more categorical representations than those who received full feedback. Further, we found tentative evidence that this difference was most pronounced in those who held more racist attitudes, measured in an entirely separate context. Thus, more informative learning contexts could potentially act as a \"protective factor\" that shields perceivers' representations from their negative attitudes. The results shed light on the psychological underpinnings of prejudice, using a novel approach to reveal how social categorization is selectively employed in a manner that maintains negative stereotypes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Supplemental Material for Nature Adds Color to Life: Less Boredom in Natural Versus Artificial Environments 自然补充材料为生活增添色彩：在自然与人工环境中减少无聊

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001764.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for A “Hyper-Recency” Bias in Memory Characterizes Both Psychoticism and Déjà Vu Experiences 补充材料“超近因”偏见的记忆特征精神病和dsamjo - Vu经验

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001754.supp

引用次数: 0

Does intellectual humility transmit intergenerationally? Examining relations between parent and child measures. 智力上的谦逊会代际传递吗？检查亲子措施之间的关系。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001782

Candice M Mills,Judith H Danovitch,Natalie B Quintero

{"title":"Does intellectual humility transmit intergenerationally? Examining relations between parent and child measures.","authors":"Candice M Mills,Judith H Danovitch,Natalie B Quintero","doi":"10.1037/xge0001782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001782","url":null,"abstract":"People vary drastically in their intellectual humility (i.e., their ability to recognize gaps in their knowledge). Little is known about how intellectual humility develops or why some children might demonstrate more intellectual humility than others. The present study examines the possibility of parent-to-child transmission of intellectual humility. Parents (N = 108; 88% college graduates; 56% with household income over $100,000) of children ages 7-10 completed two primary measures of intellectual humility: a self-report measure (i.e., the Comprehensive Intellectual Humility Scale; Krumrei-Mancuso & Rouse, 2016) and a behavioral measure (i.e., the Prompted Explanation Task; Mills, Danovitch, Mugambi, Sands, & Monroe, 2022), which measured how often parents referenced knowledge limits or how to handle uncertainty. Separately, children (N = 108; M = 8.2 years; 51% girls, 49% boys; 70% White; 86% non-Hispanic) completed a knowledge estimation task where they rated their ability to answer explanatory questions about animals and vehicles. Contrary to expectations, self-report and behavioral measures of intellectual humility in parents were not correlated. Moreover, parents who self-reported higher levels of intellectual humility had children who were less humble in their knowledge ratings. That said, consistent with predictions, parents who were less humble in the way they indicated knowledge gaps had children who were less humble in the way they assessed their knowledge. These findings support that there are links between parent and child intellectual humility, but the pattern may depend on how parent intellectual humility is measured. Implications for understanding the development of intellectual humility are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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From "me" to "we": How perspective shifts in language can shape children's judgments about kindness, caring, and inclusivity. 从“我”到“我们”：语言视角的转变如何影响孩子对善良、关心和包容的判断。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001777

Ariana Orvell,Ella Simmons,Valerie Umscheid,Giulia Elli,Susan A Gelman

{"title":"From \"me\" to \"we\": How perspective shifts in language can shape children's judgments about kindness, caring, and inclusivity.","authors":"Ariana Orvell,Ella Simmons,Valerie Umscheid,Giulia Elli,Susan A Gelman","doi":"10.1037/xge0001777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001777","url":null,"abstract":"Core to kindness, compassion, or consideration of others is the ability to move beyond one's own perspective to imagine how someone else would think or feel. We reasoned that subtle shifts in language may facilitate this process, hypothesizing that speakers who adopted a generalized perspective (generic you, we) versus an individual (me) or specific (another's name) perspective would be viewed by children as more kind, compassionate, and generous. We conducted three experiments with children 6-9 years of age (N = 376) as well as adults (reported in the Supplemental Materials; N = 781) to test this hypothesis. In Experiment 1, participants inferred that an adult speaker was more kind, compassionate, and generous when they used generic pronouns to frame a child's mistake (e.g., \"Sometimes you/we drop things\"). In Experiment 2, participants inferred that a child speaker was generous when the speaker used generic pronouns to describe classroom norms. In Experiment 3, participants made judgments about the group to which a speaker belonged, inferring that a child speaker was part of a cooperative, inclusive class when they used generic pronouns. In Experiments 2 and 3, results were stronger for we than generic you, a finding we discuss. Altogether, these results suggest that children and adults are attentive to subtle linguistic signals that convey a general, shared perspective, using them to draw inferences about how kind, compassionate, and considerate other people are, and the groups to which they belong. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Breaking boundaries: The effects of counter-stereotypical sources on ingroup persuasion and outgroup dissuasion. 打破界限：反刻板印象来源对群体内说服和群体外劝阻的影响。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001762

Guilherme A Ramos,Yan Vieites,Eduardo B Andrade

{"title":"Breaking boundaries: The effects of counter-stereotypical sources on ingroup persuasion and outgroup dissuasion.","authors":"Guilherme A Ramos,Yan Vieites,Eduardo B Andrade","doi":"10.1037/xge0001762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001762","url":null,"abstract":"People tend to align their policy attitudes with the stereotypical attitudes of their political group (e.g., conservatives supporting gun rights, liberals supporting abortion rights). However, ingroups sometimes adopt positions that contradict such stereotypes (e.g., some liberals endorse gun rights, some conservatives endorse abortion rights). How does learning about these counter-stereotypical endorsements influence people's attitudes toward the policy? Do such endorsements persuade the ingroups to support the policy, dissuade outgroups, or both? In the latter case, are these effects symmetric or asymmetric in magnitude? Five experiments conducted in a highly polarized society (Brazil; N = 3,380) demonstrate that policy endorsements made from counter-stereotypical sources (i.e., individuals who support a policy that most of their ingroups are perceived to oppose) systematically persuade the source's ingroups and, to a lesser extent, dissuade outgroups-a pattern that reduces intergroup differences in policy attitudes. This phenomenon generalizes across a variety of policies (e.g., abortion, gun rights, welfare programs) and types of endorsers (e.g., political elites, regular citizens). Attitude change occurs even if beliefs about the societal benefits of the policy remain relatively stable but disappear when people are prompted to question the source's ingroup status. Source credibility, perceived ingroup norms, and perceived policy extremity help explain the persuasive effects of counter-stereotypical sources. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Disentangling Dishonesty: An Empirical Investigation of the Nature of Lying and Cheating 补充材料解开不诚实：说谎和欺骗性质的实证调查

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001751.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Does Intellectual Humility Transmit Intergenerationally? Examining Relations Between Parent and Child Measures 智力上的谦逊会代际传递吗？检视家长与儿童措施之间的关系

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001782.supp

引用次数: 0

Sustained attentional state is a floodlight not a spotlight. 持续的注意力状态是照明灯而不是聚光灯。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001769

Anna Corriveau, Anthony R James, Megan T deBettencourt, Monica D Rosenberg

{"title":"Sustained attentional state is a floodlight not a spotlight.","authors":"Anna Corriveau, Anthony R James, Megan T deBettencourt, Monica D Rosenberg","doi":"10.1037/xge0001769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maintaining attention to a task is essential for accomplishing it. However, attentional state fluctuates from moment to moment, and task-irrelevant information may compete for processing. What are the consequences of attentional fluctuations for what we remember? Do fluctuations in sustained attention vary the spotlight of selective attention, prioritizing task-relevant at the expense of task-irrelevant information? Or, are increases in a sustained attentional state akin to a floodlight, enhancing processing of all information, regardless of task relevance? In an online sample of 215 adults, participants were presented simultaneous streams of images and sounds and instructed to make responses based on only one modality. Afterward, recognition memory for both images and sounds was tested. Across individuals, we found no evidence of a trade-off between memory for task-relevant and task-irrelevant items. Within individuals, successful memory for a task-relevant item predicted successful memory for its task-irrelevant pair. Thus, the spotlight metaphor of attention does not extend to the dynamics of sustained attention. Rather, fluctuations in attention are more akin to a floodlight, affecting the processing of all task information, regardless of relevance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0