Journal of Experimental Psychology: General最新文献

{"title":"Correction to \"Costs and benefits of acting extraverted: A randomized controlled trial\" by Jacques-Hamilton et al. (2019).","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/xge0001339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001339","url":null,"abstract":"Reports an error in \"Costs and benefits of acting extraverted: A randomized controlled trial\" by Rowan Jacques-Hamilton, Jessie Sun and Luke D. Smillie (Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2019[Sep], Vol 148[9], 1538-1556; see record 2018-58861-001). In the article (https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000516), it was originally reported that momentary authenticity was measured with three items (found in the ESM questionnaire section). However, one of these items was omitted, and only the remaining two were used for the statistical analyses. The omitted item was \"In the past hour, how much were you putting on an act?\" Furthermore, the within-person omega reliability value for momentary authenticity reported in Table 1 is incorrect. The correct value is 0.62. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2018-58861-001.) Evidence suggests that extraverted (i.e., bold, agentic) behavior increases positive affect (PA), and could be targeted in wellbeing interventions. However, this evidence is either causally ambiguous or has questionable ecological validity, and the potential costs of sustained extraverted behavior have received minimal attention. To address these limitations, we conducted a randomized controlled trial examining the wellbeing benefits and costs of an extraverted behavior intervention conducted in everyday life. Participants (n = 147) were randomly assigned to an \"act-extraverted\" intervention or a \"sham\" (active control) intervention for 1 week in everyday life. Additional data for a contact control condition were obtained from a previous study (n = 76). Wellbeing outcomes included PA and negative affect (NA), feelings of authenticity, and tiredness-assessed both in the moment and retrospectively. There was a positive overall effect of the acting extraverted intervention on PA and authenticity. However, wellbeing outcomes also depended on dispositional extraversion: more introverted participants had weaker PA increases, experienced increased NA and tiredness, and decreased feelings of authenticity. Implications for wellbeing interventions and personality theory are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"19 1","pages":"1725"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148313868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salient features of task-irrelevant continuous speech distort subjective time.","authors":"Ashley E Symons, Fred Dick, Lori Holt, Adam Tierney","doi":"10.1037/xge0001946","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Computational models of auditory salience predict that acoustic change and divergence from prediction increase the salience of sound streams. Confirming these predictions, prior research has shown that acoustic change and unpredictable sound features are linked to increases in physiological arousal and disruption of concurrent task performance. However, it remains unclear whether linguistic features, such as phonemic and lexical/semantic surprisal, help drive attentional orienting or whether instead attentional capture takes place prior to linguistic analysis. To address this question, we introduce a new technique for assessing attentional capture by naturalistic task-irrelevant speech. In this paradigm, participants tap to a metronome while ignoring a spoken passage from an audiobook. Salient features of the task-irrelevant speech capture attention, increase arousal, and expand subjective time, leading to shifts in tap timing. We show that distortions of subjective time are driven not only by acoustic change but also by phonemic surprisal. Thus, attentional orienting to sound takes place after the initial stages of linguistic analysis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"1681-1701"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13186111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147963845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Your research is public engagement: A case for more intentional science communication in research with human subjects\" by Vaughn (2026).","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/xge0001970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001970","url":null,"abstract":"Reports an error in \"Your research is public engagement: A case for more intentional science communication in research with human subjects\" by Charlotte Vaughn (Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2026[Feb], Vol 155[2], 261-275; see record 2027-22534-001). The article (https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001897) is being made available open access under the CC BY license. The correct copyright is \"© 2026 The Author(s),\" and the CC-BY license disclaimer is below. The online version of this article has been corrected. \"This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0). This license permits copying and redistributing the work in any medium or format for noncommercial use provided the original authors and source are credited and a link to the license is included in attribution. No derivative works are permitted under this license.\" (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2027-22534-001.) This article argues that experimental psychologists who conduct research with human subjects are in fact doing public engagement about the field with their participants whether they are aware of it or not. Researchers are missing opportunities to connect with public audiences by not being aware of and intentional about what their experiments communicate. Borrowing from science communication, the article discusses objectives that can serve as a guide in designing both experiments and debriefings with participant engagement in mind. Articulated as the research as engagement model, the article suggests that our research and broader impact goals can be well-served if we view each study participant not only as a data point but as an opportunity for public engagement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"29 1","pages":"1833"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148313848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calibrating growth mindset about intelligence: Increased blame, effort misperception, and a genes-and-growth solution for blame.","authors":"Woo-Kyoung Ahn, Cheng-Kai Sheu","doi":"10.1037/xge0001944","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on growth mindsets about intelligence-beliefs that cognitive ability can be developed through effort and learning-often highlights benefits such as narrowing achievement gaps. Nonetheless, by emphasizing controllability in the domain of intelligence, growth-mindset messages can also increase blame for intellectual difficulties relative to fixed-mindset frames that portray intelligence as largely innate. Across eight intelligence-focused studies (<i>N</i> = 1,820), we document this cost for judgments of both others and the self: Growth-mindset inductions, compared to fixed-mindset inductions, increased blame and led participants to infer that targets had exerted less effort. The blaming effect diminished when it was clear that the task exceeded what an average person typically achieves. Finally, a coherent \"genes-and-growth\" message that acknowledged genetic influence while emphasizing epigenetics and neuroplasticity preserved motivation to persist while tempering self-blame. Taken together, these findings argue for more nuanced implementation of growth-mindset messaging about intelligence and motivate field research on the longer term consequences of chronic self-blame and on interventions that pair malleability cues with clear information about task difficulty and genetic constraints. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"1606-1628"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147941248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Switching between cognitive control states? No, thank you.","authors":"Merve Ileri-Tayar, Julie M Bugg, Wouter Kool","doi":"10.1037/xge0001940","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive control enables adaptive behavior by flexibly adjusting information processing to meet changing environmental demands. While extensive research has examined the costs of switching between different tasks, it remains unclear whether switching between different control states (relaxed and focused) within a single task carries intrinsic costs. We hypothesized that internally switching between control states while performing a single task incurs a subjective effort cost and, therefore, that people avoid such demands. Additionally, we examined the trade-off between this cost and interference demands. We conducted a series of experiments using the Demand Selection Task, where participants chose between different options that yielded lists of Stroop trials. Participants consistently avoided options with high demands for internal control-state switching (Experiment 1, <i>N</i> = 64) or interference (Experiment 2, N = 86). Regarding the potential trade-off, Experiment 3 (<i>N</i> = 120) tested whether internal control-state switching demands modulate interference costs when both are present. There was no evidence for this modulation, but this could be because the structure of the Stroop task only allowed for relatively weak manipulations of control-state switching and interference. To address this limitation, we developed a novel parametric flanker task (Experiment 4, <i>N</i> = 50) that enables strong simultaneous manipulation of both demands. With these stronger manipulations, both control-state switching and interference costs influenced selections, revealing trade-offs between these competing demands (Experiment 5, <i>N</i> = 130). Our findings refine models of control regulation, highlighting that not only exerting but also adjusting control carries intrinsic costs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"1726-1747"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148163361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is interpersonal wisdom individual or collective? Distinguishing the effects of ideal-partner consistency and normative desirability on relationship outcomes.","authors":"Sierra D Peters, Andrea L Meltzer, Juliana E French, Emma E Altgelt, James K McNulty, Lindsey L Hicks","doi":"10.1037/xge0001929","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social-cognitive and evolutionary perspectives suggest people should experience better relationship outcomes when their romantic partners better match their stated partner preferences or ideals. Nevertheless, recent work has questioned the strength of these effects by suggesting they are primarily driven by metrics of ideal-partner consistency that confound the partner qualities people uniquely value with those that are normatively more desirable (i.e., normative desirability) or common (i.e., normative commonality). The present research used six different metrics of ideal-partner consistency-some of which controlled for normativity and some of which modeled it directly-to precisely estimate the effects of ideal-partner consistency and normativity on relationship satisfaction and behavior across five different studies, some of which included longitudinal data and observations of behavior. Consistent with theoretical perspectives, higher ideal-partner consistency was associated with elevated relationship satisfaction and more constructive relationship behavior, both concurrently and over time. Nevertheless, these associations were significantly weaker when normative desirability was controlled. Perhaps most novel, the extent to which people's partners matched the normative ideals (i.e., ideals preferred by the sample) was a stronger predictor of relationship outcomes in most cases than the extent to which people's partners matched their own idiosyncratic ideals. Taken together, these studies (a) offer novel evidence that even the most conservative measures of ideal-partner consistency predict both observed relationship behavior and <i>changes</i> in relationship satisfaction and (b) further suggest that \"collective wisdom\" in what qualities comprise a good romantic partner may predict relationship outcomes better than the qualities that people uniquely value in a partner. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"1748-1767"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147987780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noisy variability does not benefit face learning.","authors":"Truong H A Nguyen, Kristen A Baker, Molly A L Nullmeyer, Kaitlyn L Damaso, Catherine J Mondloch","doi":"10.1037/xge0001948","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research provides abundant evidence that variability plays a key role in the process by which a newly encountered face becomes familiar. Theoretical models propose that exposure to variable images improves recognition because such variability is diagnostic (i.e., predicts idiosyncratic within-person variability in appearance). We sought disconfirmatory evidence for such models by examining whether noisy variability also benefits learning. The present study provides compelling evidence that two sources of noisy variability-contextual variability and augmentation (visual noise)-do not improve generalization of learning. Across five preregistered experiments and a total sample of over 1,000 participants, Bayesian statistics revealed no benefit of noisy variability, even when the study phase required active retrieval and even among child participants (i.e., participants with less expertise). These findings support current models of face learning and pave a path toward a deeper understanding of how variability operates. These findings also contribute to recent calls to identify core principles of variability across domains. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"1648-1667"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148199005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Executive function and social behavior: Causal evidence from loading working memory and inhibitory control.","authors":"Mahsa Barzy,Yicheng Qiu,Heather J Ferguson","doi":"10.1037/xge0001949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001949","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates how domain-specific executive functions contribute to perspective-taking and prosocial behavior. Across two preregistered experiments, we independently manipulated working memory (WM) and inhibitory control to assess their effects on social cognition. In Experiment 1 (N = 128), WM load was varied using a dual-task paradigm, and participants completed behavioral and eye-tracking measures of perspective-taking and prosociality. WM load impaired perspective-taking, and this effect was larger under nonsocial than social load. Conversely, individual differences in prosocial behavior were associated with higher social (but not nonsocial) WM capacity and larger support cliques, suggesting that dissociable cognitive mechanisms underpin different social outcomes. Notably, WM performance did not vary across social versus nonsocial conditions, indicating that increased social complexity did not impair WM and that the relationship is not bidirectional. In Experiment 2 (N = 122), inhibitory control was manipulated using an ego-depletion task, but no significant effects of load emerged. We discuss the challenges of isolating inhibitory control from WM and highlight the need for improved methods in future research. Overall, these findings provide causal evidence linking WM to social skills, underscore the importance of distinguishing between social and nonsocial domains of executive functioning, and point to key conceptual and methodological priorities for the field. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conveying (discrete) emotionality with novel words.","authors":"Celia Martínez-Tomás,Fritz Günther,José A Hinojosa,Daniele Gatti","doi":"10.1037/xge0001960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001960","url":null,"abstract":"Affective dimensions (i.e., valence and arousal) and discrete basic emotions (i.e., anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness) are the main affective sources of information that explain the semantic features of words. Recent studies suggest that humans are able to assign emotionality even to pseudowords, plausible verbal stimuli that do not belong to a given language which serve as proxies for never encountered, real words (i.e., novel words). So far, evidence at our disposal is mainly limited to valence (i.e., the hedonic tone of a word's reference, from pleasant to unpleasant) and arousal (i.e., the degree of activation/excitation elicited by stimuli), while investigating discrete emotionality may facilitate a more refined understanding of the processes at hand. Here, across three experiments, we probed (a) humans' ability to convey discrete emotions when generating novel word stimuli to express the meanings of given emotional words and (b) humans' ability to decode or understand such emotionality when processing these human-generated novel words. Leveraging estimates from a word embedding model, results showed that individuals can reliably and equally encode novel conceptual information carrying affective information for all categories of emotions. However, a better performance for anger, fear, and happiness stimuli was found when implicitly decoding affective meaning in novel words. Theoretically, these processes can be interpreted from an evolutionary perspective, and more broadly, they can be traced back to humans' ability to process systematic, nonarbitrary form-meaning information. We discuss the implications of these findings for language and emotional models dealing with the representation of affective conceptual features. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148313855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Conveying (Discrete) Emotionality With Novel Words","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/xge0001960.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001960.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"185 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148385867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}