Journal of Experimental Psychology: General最新文献_第5页

Physical actions shape moral choices: Environment-directed movements reduce cheating in young children. 身体行为塑造道德选择：环境导向的运动减少了幼儿的作弊行为。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-18 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001943

Li Zhao, Xinxin Huang, Yuanyuan Lu, Haiying Mao, Fang Fang, Kang Lee

{"title":"Physical actions shape moral choices: Environment-directed movements reduce cheating in young children.","authors":"Li Zhao, Xinxin Huang, Yuanyuan Lu, Haiying Mao, Fang Fang, Kang Lee","doi":"10.1037/xge0001943","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001943","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines whether physical actions and moral decision making are causally linked. Across five preregistered studies involving 330 preschoolers (Mage = 5.96 years; 166 boys and 164 girls; middle-class Han Chinese), we investigated how distinct types of physical actions influence honesty and cheating behavior. Our findings revealed that children were consistently more honest when they performed an action on the environment (e.g., pulling down a screen on a box) than when they performed the same action on themselves (e.g., pulling down a blindfold they wore on their face). These results establish a robust causal link between physical actions and morality, demonstrating that the direction of action, that is, whether they are oriented toward the external environment or oneself, can significantly impact honesty. They challenge the traditional view that moral decisions are purely cognitive and disembodied processes. Instead, they emphasize the embodied nature of morality, where physical actions play a crucial role in shaping ethical choices from an early age. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"2021-2037"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148277564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visually guided foraging in virtual worlds: Domain-general properties of search behavior. 虚拟世界中的视觉引导觅食：搜索行为的域一般属性。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001969

Sarah K Salo, Alastair D Smith

{"title":"Visually guided foraging in virtual worlds: Domain-general properties of search behavior.","authors":"Sarah K Salo, Alastair D Smith","doi":"10.1037/xge0001969","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001969","url":null,"abstract":"Everyday human behavior involves economically driven search for visually relevant targets in complex three-dimensional environments. However, psychological research has typically examined visual search and foraging mechanisms separately, with insights into search emphasizing attentional efficiency and accounts of foraging highlighting decision making and cognitive control. In order to more closely examine the interrelation between these processes in fully motile environmental search, we devised a novel virtual reality paradigm that required participants to physically explore a large-scale 3D environment and collect multiple visually defined targets. The search environment was organized in patches, with search arrays presented across multiple tables. In single-feature search, targets were hidden beneath containers of a particular color, and in conjunction search, they were beneath containers of a particular color and shape. Across five experiments, results showed that participants gathered more targets when search was guided by a single feature, irrespective of explicit instruction, suggesting that core distinctions between single-feature and conjunction search generalize to large-scale exploratory search requiring full-body movements. In contrast, foraging decisions appeared to be more context-dependent and were shaped by both environmental constraints and available guidance cues. Analyses of individual difference revealed that executive function supported more structured search organization (e.g., exploration-exploitation trade-off), particularly when target representations were self-generated rather than externally provided, and spatial working memory maintained predefined search templates. These experiments further bridge the gap between visual search and foraging theories, offering a new framework for studying search in dynamic, real-world settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"155 8","pages":"1921-1947"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From chunks to schemas: Learning in the Hebb repetition paradigm. 从块到图式：Hebb重复范式下的学习。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-15 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001962

Krzysztof Piątkowski, Katarzyna Zawadzka, Maciej Hanczakowski

{"title":"From chunks to schemas: Learning in the Hebb repetition paradigm.","authors":"Krzysztof Piątkowski, Katarzyna Zawadzka, Maciej Hanczakowski","doi":"10.1037/xge0001962","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001962","url":null,"abstract":"The short-term and long-term memory systems are thought to interact via chunks-long-term memory representations that support the maintenance of information for a short term. The creation and use of chunks are examined in the Hebb repetition paradigm, where participants repeatedly study and retrieve the same list of serially presented memoranda (a so-called Hebb list), which ultimately become chunked. Studies conducted to date underscore the inflexible nature of thus created chunks, which always encompass the exact series of memoranda. However, the long-term memory system is thought to often rely on schemas-flexibly adjusted representations that allow for generalization and transfer of learning. Here, we examined whether the Hebb repetition paradigm can be used to induce the acquisition of schemas and their use to support short-term memory performance. We adapted the Hebb repetition paradigm so that participants learned and retrieved lists of category exemplars. Crucially, what was repeated here in the Hebb lists was the order of categories from which those exemplars were taken, while the memoranda themselves changed from one list presentation to another. We demonstrated that in this task, participants were able to derive the schema describing category order in the Hebb lists and use it to support short-term memory performance for a novel set of schema-consistent memoranda. We conclude that chunks and schemas can be seen as similar types of representations that jointly provide an interface between short-term and long-term memory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"2060-2074"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In here and out there: Evidence that age-related differences in memory specificity are attenuated in natural social conversations. 在这里和外面：有证据表明，在自然的社交对话中，与年龄相关的记忆特异性差异会减弱。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001961

Katelyn S McVeigh, Austin M Deffner, Daniel A Hernandez, Alexis N Garcia, David A Sbarra, Matthias R Mehl, Jessica R Andrews-Hanna, Matthew D Grilli

{"title":"In here and out there: Evidence that age-related differences in memory specificity are attenuated in natural social conversations.","authors":"Katelyn S McVeigh, Austin M Deffner, Daniel A Hernandez, Alexis N Garcia, David A Sbarra, Matthias R Mehl, Jessica R Andrews-Hanna, Matthew D Grilli","doi":"10.1037/xge0001961","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001961","url":null,"abstract":"Relative to younger adults, older adults describe autobiographical event memories using less episodic detail. This outcome, although robust and highly replicated, is based on studies conducted in laboratory contexts that use unfamiliar, impersonal structured interviews-a context that may place older adults at an episodic specificity disadvantage. The present preregistered study compared how young adults (N = 24) and cognitively normal older adults (N = 50) narrate autobiographical event memories in a laboratory context, and as they went about their daily lives, using a smartphone application that unobtrusively captured their natural conversations. Findings revealed a significant Context × Age Group interaction for autobiographical memory episodic specificity. Consistent with prior research, older adults recalled less episodic detail than young adults in the laboratory context. However, older adults' episodic detail was significantly higher in event memory narratives captured in their natural conversations relative to the memories they described in the laboratory-based structured interview. In fact, young and older adults did not significantly differ in how specifically they shared event memories in their natural conversations. We found a similar outcome when we zoomed out and examined overall autobiographical thought specificity in natural daily conversations. These findings, along with additional analyses examining how well laboratory measures of autobiographical and neuropsychological functioning predict everyday autobiographical thinking, suggest that even though laboratory tasks may provide some insight into how autobiographical event memories and thoughts are shared in daily conversation, they nonetheless underestimate older adults' natural episodic specificity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"155 8","pages":"1862-1881"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13425904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Internal domain generality for ensemble perception of average orientation: Comparing and integrating information from multiple stimulus categories. 平均取向集合感知的内域一般性：多刺激类别信息的比较与整合。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001963

Greer Gillies,Keisuke Fukuda,Jonathan S Cant

{"title":"Internal domain generality for ensemble perception of average orientation: Comparing and integrating information from multiple stimulus categories.","authors":"Greer Gillies,Keisuke Fukuda,Jonathan S Cant","doi":"10.1037/xge0001963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001963","url":null,"abstract":"Ensemble perception (the extraction of summary statistics from groups of objects) operates across a range of visual features and stimuli. Ensemble displays usually contain identical stimuli, although natural environments are composed of more heterogeneous items, raising the question of whether ensemble mechanisms can generalize across stimulus types (\"internal domain generality\"). We examined whether ensemble perception for orientation operates similarly across displays composed of different stimulus types (faces, shoes, triangles). In Experiment 1, participants compared average orientations across two homogeneous ensembles that were made up of either the same or different stimulus types. Participants were equally accurate when the stimulus types were the same compared to when they were different, suggesting that ensemble abilities are governed by a domain-general mechanism. In Experiments 2A and 2B, participants were shown one ensemble that was made of one stimulus type (pure) or two (mixed) and determined whether the direction of a probe arrow matched the average orientation. There were minimal differences in the pure condition. In the mixed condition, stimulus specificities emerged. When the ensemble contained triangles, participant responses were biased in the direction of those triangles. Further evidence of this triangle bias was found via a continuous report task (Experiment 3). When every item within an ensemble is the same, ability to extract summary statistics is similar across ensembles, but having more than one stimulus type within a single ensemble interferes with the extraction and subsequent report, suggesting that ensemble perception abilities show internal domain generality, but specificities emerge under certain circumstances. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148408523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Internal Domain Generality for Ensemble Perception of Average Orientation: Comparing and Integrating Information From Multiple Stimulus Categories 平均取向集合感知的内域一般性补充材料：多刺激类别信息的比较与整合

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-07-06 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001963.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for A Two-Dimensional Framework for Prior Knowledge in Goal-Directed Navigation 目标导向导航中先验知识的二维框架补充材料

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-07-06 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001950.supp

引用次数: 0

Sequential effects in visual search, action control, and task switching: Evidence for distinct episodic-retrieval mechanisms. 视觉搜索、动作控制和任务切换的顺序效应：不同情景检索机制的证据。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-21 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001942

Daniel Toledano, Tamar Alkalai, Dominique Lamy

{"title":"Sequential effects in visual search, action control, and task switching: Evidence for distinct episodic-retrieval mechanisms.","authors":"Daniel Toledano, Tamar Alkalai, Dominique Lamy","doi":"10.1037/xge0001942","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001942","url":null,"abstract":"Everyday tasks typically require us to flexibly change our goals, prioritize relevant objects, and select appropriate motor responses. The task-switching, visual-search, and action-control literatures that study these abilities have all documented striking sequential effects (i.e., a strong impact on behavior when various aspects of a task repeat from one trial to the next) and suggested different mechanisms to explain them. However, crosstalk between these literatures has typically been restricted to pairs, with little attempt to integrate all three. Therefore, how these effects interact in complex tasks remains largely unknown. We addressed this question in four experiments. Participants searched for a target among distractors. A precue indicated the task for the upcoming trial (i.e., which object to search for). The task, target location, and motor response either repeated or changed randomly. We found that when participants were highly incentivized to prepare for the upcoming task, the location of the target from previous trials (n-1 and n-2) influenced performance only when the task repeated from these trials. By contrast, location-response binding effects were largely unaffected by task preparation or by trials earlier than the previous one. These findings are consistent with two different episodic-retrieval mechanisms. A proactive and task-dependent episodic-retrieval mechanism accounts for the attentional bias toward previous target locations documented in the visual-search literature. An episodic-retrieval mechanism that is largely task-independent and operates later accounts for the binding-and-retrieval effects documented in the action-control literature. Our findings also provide novel evidence for task preparation and task inertia in task switching. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"1702-1725"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147987711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-11 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001953

Yi Zhang, Ting Zhao, Xingyuan Zhang, Yuqing Liu, Wenxi Jin, Jipeng Duan, Jun Yin

{"title":"Group-related network schema guides the learning of social networks.","authors":"Yi Zhang, Ting Zhao, Xingyuan Zhang, Yuqing Liu, Wenxi Jin, Jipeng Duan, Jun Yin","doi":"10.1037/xge0001953","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001953","url":null,"abstract":"Navigating complex social environments requires understanding how individuals are connected within social networks. People are highly efficient at integrating dyadic relationships into larger network structures. However, social networks are embedded within different types of groups (e.g., task groups vs. social categories), raising the question of how group typology shapes the learning and representation of social networks. Across four experiments, we demonstrate that group-related network schemas-specifically, expectations that task groups are more interconnected and centralized than social categories-systematically guide social network learning and representation. Participants exhibited prior expectations about the relational structure of different group types, and memory for social relationships was enhanced when the learned network structure aligned with these schematic expectations, producing a matching effect that was correlated with schema strength (Experiment 1). This effect was causally driven by schema strength: Weakening group-related schemas through explicit descriptions attenuated the matching effect (Experiment 2). Critically, the effect was domain specific: When social relationships were replaced with nonsocial connections (airport-flight networks), the matching effect disappeared despite comparable structural properties and task demands (Experiment 3). Computational modeling using the Successor Representation framework further revealed that schema-structure misalignment reduced multistep abstraction, reflected in lower successor discount parameters (γ), yielding less integrated global representations of social networks (Experiment 4). Together, these findings show that social network learning is guided by top-down group-related schemas. It advances our understanding of social network cognition by highlighting the importance of schema-driven abstraction and by bridging local learning mechanisms with global representational structure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"1834-1848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148217826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Affective evaluation of self-produced action-effect episodes. 自产动作效果剧集的情感评价。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001935

Moritz Reis, Robert Wirth

{"title":"Affective evaluation of self-produced action-effect episodes.","authors":"Moritz Reis, Robert Wirth","doi":"10.1037/xge0001935","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001935","url":null,"abstract":"Predictable action outcomes are central to goal-directed behavior. Prior research has shown that expected action effects confer performance advantages. Yet the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain debated. Across six preregistered online experiments (N = 702), we examined whether the expectancy of an action effect shapes the affective evaluation of corresponding action-effect episodes. In each study, participants responded to stimuli by clicking on buttons that produced effects with either high (stimulus-congruent) or low (stimulus-incongruent) expectancy. Induced affect was assessed using both implicit (affective priming) and explicit (valence ratings) measures. Overall, high-expectancy episodes elicited relatively more positive affect than low-expectancy episodes. For our implicit measure, this effect persisted unless correspondence among all task events (stimulus, response, and effect) was simultaneously reduced (Experiments 2 + 3). Furthermore, this outcome could not be attributed to mere visual mismatch between stimulus and effect (Experiment 4) and was observed even when stimulus-congruent effects were less likely to occur than stimulus-incongruent ones (Experiments 5 + 6). These findings suggest that expected action outcomes elicit positive affect, thus offering a parsimonious explanation for performance advantages previously attributed to more complex mechanisms like ideomotor accounts or response monitoring. More broadly, we propose that affective evaluation of action-effect episodes represents a fundamental mechanism governing behavior across multiple psychological domains, from basic action control to complex behavior in various settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":"1823-1833"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0