Prospective and retrospective awareness of moment-to-moment fluctuations in visual working memory performance.

IF 3.5 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL
Olga Kozlova, Kirsten C S Adam, Keisuke Fukuda
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Abstract

Visual working memory (VWM) performance fluctuates from moment to moment with occasional failures in maintaining accurate information in mind. While previous research suggests that individuals tend to be overconfident in their VWM performance during these failures, no study to date has examined whether individuals can predict upcoming reductions in VWM performance. To test the accuracy of both prospective and retrospective awareness on VWM performance, we developed a VWM bet task in which participants made trial-by-trial bets on their upcoming VWM performance prior to viewing a memory array of colored squares, followed by color reports paired with confidence ratings at test. Across two experiments (N = 87; N = 85), we demonstrate that retrospective awareness is more sensitive to VWM performance fluctuations than prospective awareness in young adults, though both metacognitive abilities are imperfect. Poor metacognitive abilities reflected a general tendency-particularly among low VWM capacity individuals-to overestimate upcoming VWM performance. When individuals overestimated their upcoming VWM performance (i.e., prospective failures), VWM performance significantly reduced compared to the preceding trials of a prospective failure. Moreover, this reduction in performance significantly lingered into subsequent trials. However, individuals' prospective and retrospective awareness better aligned to VWM performance after a prospective failure. This postfailure calibration occurred even without feedback signaling a prospective failure (Experiment 2), suggesting a metacognitive efficiency in recognizing the initial overestimation. Taken together, our results suggest that individuals, particularly low-capacity individuals, have a limited awareness toward upcoming VWM performance but exhibit metacognitive adjustments immediately following a prospective failure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

视觉工作记忆表现中瞬间波动的前瞻性和回顾性意识。
视觉工作记忆(VWM)的表现不时波动,偶尔会在头脑中保持准确的信息。虽然之前的研究表明,在这些失败中,个人往往对自己的VWM表现过于自信,但迄今为止还没有研究表明,个人是否能预测VWM表现即将下降。为了测试对VWM表现的前瞻性和回顾性意识的准确性,我们开发了一个VWM下注任务,在这个任务中,参与者在观看彩色方块的记忆阵列之前,对他们即将到来的VWM表现进行一次又一次的下注,然后是颜色报告和测试中的信心评级。在两个实验中(N = 87; N = 85),我们证明了回顾性意识比前瞻性意识对年轻人VWM表现波动更敏感,尽管这两种元认知能力都是不完善的。较差的元认知能力反映了一种普遍的倾向——特别是在VWM能力较低的个体中——过高估计即将到来的VWM表现。当个体高估他们即将到来的VWM表现(即预期失败)时,VWM表现与之前的预期失败试验相比显着降低。此外,这种性能下降在随后的试验中显著地持续了下来。然而,在预期失败后,个体的前瞻性和回顾性意识与VWM绩效更一致。这种失败后的校准即使在没有反馈信号表明预期失败的情况下也会发生(实验2),这表明在识别初始高估方面具有元认知效率。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明,个体,特别是低能力个体,对即将到来的VWM表现的意识有限,但在预期失败后立即表现出元认知调整。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA,版权所有)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
4.90%
发文量
300
期刊介绍: The Journal of Experimental Psychology: General publishes articles describing empirical work that bridges the traditional interests of two or more communities of psychology. The work may touch on issues dealt with in JEP: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, JEP: Human Perception and Performance, JEP: Animal Behavior Processes, or JEP: Applied, but may also concern issues in other subdisciplines of psychology, including social processes, developmental processes, psychopathology, neuroscience, or computational modeling. Articles in JEP: General may be longer than the usual journal publication if necessary, but shorter articles that bridge subdisciplines will also be considered.
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