心理学最新文献_第9页

Couple conflict observed: Emotions in Belgium and Japan. 观察夫妻冲突：比利时和日本的情感。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Emotion Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001374

Anna Schouten, Michael Boiger, Atsuhiko Uchida, Alice Verstaen, Camille Paillé, Yukiko Uchida, Batja Mesquita

引用次数: 0

Proposing a more conservative Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) Effort Index cutoff score for forensic inpatient populations. 为法医住院病人提出更保守的神经心理状态评估可重复电池（RBANS）努力指数临界值。

IF 3.3 2区心理学

Psychological Assessment Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1037/pas0001333

Shelby Hunter, Amanda A Partika, Stephen R Nitch

{"title":"Proposing a more conservative Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) Effort Index cutoff score for forensic inpatient populations.","authors":"Shelby Hunter, Amanda A Partika, Stephen R Nitch","doi":"10.1037/pas0001333","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001333","url":null,"abstract":"The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) Effort Index (EI) may be unreliable at its standard recommended cutoff score when used with forensic psychiatric inpatient populations given high rates of genuine cognitive impairment. The present study sought to (a) examine the rate of invalid performance on the RBANS EI using the standard cutoff among incompetent to stand trial (IST) inpatients and (b) investigate the psychometric properties of the RBANS EI at various cutoff scores. This study was conducted using archival assessment data collected at a large forensic psychiatric hospital. Across the entire sample (N = 238, 79% male, Mage = 45 years, 24% primary Spanish-speaking), 79% were diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Experiment 1 of the study (n = 165) contained IST patients who were classified as having a valid presentation. Experiment 2 contained a valid (n = 46) and invalid (n = 27) presentation group comprised of postadjudication and IST inpatients, respectively. In Experiment 1, over one third (36.4%) of the valid presentation sample scored above the standard recommended EI cutoff. In Experiment 2, applying the standard recommended cutoff score of > 3 was associated with a false positive rate of over 20%. Obtaining < 10% false positive errors was achieved at a cutoff score of > 5. At this cutoff score, the estimated local base rate of invalid responding among IST patients was 28%. Clinical and forensic implications and recommendations for adopting this more conservative RBANS EI cutoff score are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141634305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of the Visual Praxis-Based Occupational Therapy Education Program on different kinds of reading skills: Single-blind randomized follow-up study. 基于视觉练习的职业治疗教育计划对不同类型阅读技能的影响：单盲随机跟踪研究。

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Applied Neuropsychology: Child Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2023.2200186

Barkın Köse, Ege Temizkan

引用次数: 0

The roles of shame and poor self-concept in explaining low social connection among adult survivors of childhood emotional maltreatment. 羞耻感和不良自我概念在解释童年遭受情感虐待的成年幸存者社会联系不足中的作用。

IF 2.7 2区心理学

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001559

William P Archuleta, Patricia L Kaminski, Nicholas D Ross

{"title":"The roles of shame and poor self-concept in explaining low social connection among adult survivors of childhood emotional maltreatment.","authors":"William P Archuleta, Patricia L Kaminski, Nicholas D Ross","doi":"10.1037/tra0001559","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001559","url":null,"abstract":"Emotional maltreatment (EM) is the most common retrospectively self-reported form of child abuse/neglect. One potential negative outcome for EM survivors is a lack of social connection (SC; i.e., feeling interpersonally distant from others, socially uncomfortable, etc.). Explanations of the link between EM and low SC, however, are insufficiently tested. Theory and empirical work point to shame as a ubiquitous consequence of EM that negatively affects self-concept and is also associated with low SC in adulthood.Objective: We test the hypothesis that experiences of EM lead to shame that impairs the development of social self-concept and, ultimately, one's sense of SC.Participants and setting: We collected self-report data from 244 American college students.Method: Using structural equation modeling, we tested shame and social self-concept as sequential mediators of the path from EM to SC.Results: Shame and social self-concept mediated the relationship between EM and SC, bringing this direct path below significance. Social self-concept partially mediated shame and SC. Overall, our model accounted for 77% of the variability in SC.Conclusions: Children subjected to EM by caregivers are likely to experience themselves as deeply flawed (i.e., shame) and have difficulty developing a secure sense of themselves, especially as relational beings. Our results suggest that when shame interferes with the development of a positive social self-concept, survivors of EM are at-risk for low SC. Treatment implications include a focus on healing shame and building social self-concept. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10005542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Absolute-judgment models better predict eyewitness decision-making than do relative-judgment models. 绝对判断模型比相对判断模型更能预测目击者的决策。

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105877

Andrew M Smith, Rebecca C Ying, Alexandria R Goldstein, Ryan J Fitzgerald

{"title":"Absolute-judgment models better predict eyewitness decision-making than do relative-judgment models.","authors":"Andrew M Smith, Rebecca C Ying, Alexandria R Goldstein, Ryan J Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105877","url":null,"abstract":"When presented with a lineup, the witness is tasked with identifying the culprit or indicating that the culprit is not present. The witness then qualifies the decision with a confidence judgment. But how do witnesses go about making these decisions and judgments? According to absolute-judgment models, witnesses determine which lineup member provides the strongest match to memory and base their identification decision and confidence judgment on the absolute strength of this MAX lineup member. Conversely, relative-judgment models propose that witnesses determine which lineup member provides the strongest match to memory and then base their identification decision and confidence judgment on the relative strength of the MAX lineup member compared to the remaining lineup members. We took a critical test approach to test the predictions of both models. As predicted by the absolute-judgment model, but contrary to the predictions of the relative-judgment model, witnesses were more likely to correctly reject low-similarity lineups than high-similarity lineups (Experiment 1), and more likely to reject biased lineups than fair lineups (Experiment 2). Likewise, witnesses rejected low-similarity lineups with greater confidence than high-similarity lineups (Experiment 1) and rejected biased lineups with greater confidence than fair lineups (Experiment 2). Only a single pattern was consistent with the relative model and inconsistent with the absolute model: suspect identifications from biased lineups were made with greater confidence than suspect identifications from fair lineups (Experiment 2). The results suggest that absolute-judgment models better predict witness decision-making than do relative-judgment models and that pure relative-judgment models are unviable.","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141604370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Romantic relationships and type 2 diabetes: The role of invisible social control. 恋爱关系与 2 型糖尿病：隐形社会控制的作用

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Health Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001383

Hannah A Brownlee, Emily C Soriano, M James Lenhard, Alyssa L Fenech, Michael Morreale, Scott D Siegel, Niall Bolger, Jean-Philippe Laurenceau

{"title":"Romantic relationships and type 2 diabetes: The role of invisible social control.","authors":"Hannah A Brownlee, Emily C Soriano, M James Lenhard, Alyssa L Fenech, Michael Morreale, Scott D Siegel, Niall Bolger, Jean-Philippe Laurenceau","doi":"10.1037/hea0001383","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hea0001383","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to determine whether invisible social control provided by a romantic partner is associated with improved objective glucose outcomes for patients with Type 2 diabetes. Social control reflects a partner's attempt to modify or influence a patient's health behaviors. We hypothesized that the best outcome for all continuous glucose monitoring measures would be captured by an interaction condition reflecting invisible social control.Method: Patients with Type 2 diabetes and their partners (N = 63 couples) completed an 8-day daily diary period between 2016 and 2017. Self-report measures of social control receipt and provision were obtained each evening from patients and partners and patients wore a continuous glucose monitor throughout the diary period. Outcomes of daily glucose mean, standard deviation, time in range, and coefficient of variation were computed and two-way interactions between social control receipt and social control provision were probed and plotted.Results: The two-way interaction significantly predicted daily glucose mean, standard deviation, and time in range, such that when patients reported no social control receipt, but partners reported social control provision, patients showed improvements in objective glucose measures. We found no significant effect for coefficient of variation.Conclusions: This study was the first to use an invisible social control framework to examine the daily dyadic associations between partner social control provision, patient social control receipt, and four objectively measured continuous glucose monitoring outcomes. Findings suggest that the visibility of social control provided by a romantic partner may be predictive of glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":55066,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141460830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When Interdependence Backfires: The Coronavirus Infected Three Times More People in Rice-Farming Areas During Chinese New Year. 当相互依存适得其反时：春节期间，水稻种植区感染冠状病毒的人数增加了三倍。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231174070

Xindong Wei, Thomas Talhelm, Kaili Zhang, Fengyan Wang

引用次数: 0

An examination of the effects of eye-tracking on behavior in psychology experiments. 研究心理学实验中眼动跟踪对行为的影响。

IF 4.6 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02393-5

Darrell A Worthy, Joanna N Lahey, Samuel L Priestley, Marco A Palma

{"title":"An examination of the effects of eye-tracking on behavior in psychology experiments.","authors":"Darrell A Worthy, Joanna N Lahey, Samuel L Priestley, Marco A Palma","doi":"10.3758/s13428-024-02393-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-024-02393-5","url":null,"abstract":"Eye-tracking is emerging as a tool for researchers to better understand cognition and behavior. However, it is possible that experiment participants adjust their behavior when they know their eyes are being tracked. This potential change would be considered a type of Hawthorne effect, in which participants alter their behavior in response to being watched and could potentially compromise the outcomes and conclusions of experimental studies that use eye tracking. We examined whether eye-tracking produced Hawthorne effects in six commonly used psychological scales and five behavioral tasks. The dependent measures were selected because they are widely used and cited and because they involved measures of sensitive topics, including gambling behavior, racial bias, undesirable personality characteristics, or because they require working memory or executive attention resources, which might be affected by Hawthorne effects. The only task where Hawthorne effects manifested was the mixed gambles task, in which participants accepted or rejected gambles involving a 50/50 chance of gaining or losing different monetary amounts. Participants in the eye-tracking condition accepted fewer gambles that were low in expected value, and they also took longer to respond for these low-value gambles. These results suggest that eye-tracking is not likely to produce Hawthorne effects in most common psychology laboratory tasks, except for those involving risky decisions where the probability of the outcomes from each choice are known.","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140179227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparing type 1 and type 2 error rates of different tests for heterogeneous treatment effects. 比较不同异质性治疗效果检验的 1 类和 2 类错误率。

IF 4.6 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02371-x

Steffen Nestler, Marie Salditt

{"title":"Comparing type 1 and type 2 error rates of different tests for heterogeneous treatment effects.","authors":"Steffen Nestler, Marie Salditt","doi":"10.3758/s13428-024-02371-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-024-02371-x","url":null,"abstract":"Psychologists are increasingly interested in whether treatment effects vary in randomized controlled trials. A number of tests have been proposed in the causal inference literature to test for such heterogeneity, which differ in the sample statistic they use (either using the variance terms of the experimental and control group, their empirical distribution functions, or specific quantiles), and in whether they make distributional assumptions or are based on a Fisher randomization procedure. In this manuscript, we present the results of a simulation study in which we examine the performance of the different tests while varying the amount of treatment effect heterogeneity, the type of underlying distribution, the sample size, and whether an additional covariate is considered. Altogether, our results suggest that researchers should use a randomization test to optimally control for type 1 errors. Furthermore, all tests studied are associated with low power in case of small and moderate samples even when the heterogeneity of the treatment effect is substantial. This suggests that current tests for treatment effect heterogeneity require much larger samples than those collected in current research.","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11362231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140179228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Slow and steady: Validating the rhythmic visual response task as a marker for attentional states. 缓慢而稳定验证有节奏的视觉反应任务是注意力状态的标记

IF 4.6 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02409-0

Shaela T Jalava, Jeffrey D Wammes

{"title":"Slow and steady: Validating the rhythmic visual response task as a marker for attentional states.","authors":"Shaela T Jalava, Jeffrey D Wammes","doi":"10.3758/s13428-024-02409-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-024-02409-0","url":null,"abstract":"A principal goal of attention research is to develop tasks with clear behavioral signatures of attentional fluctuations. Measures that index attentional states often fall under two broad umbrellas: decision tasks, in which participants make responses based on the changing requirements of each trial, and rhythm tasks, in which participants respond rhythmically to a uniform stimulus (e.g., a metronome tone). In the former, response speeding typically precedes errors (indicative of attention failures). In the latter, increased response variability precedes subjective reports of off-task states. We developed and validated the rhythmic visual response task (RVRT); a rhythm task incorporating trial-unique scene stimuli. The RVRT incorporates two important advances from both task categories: (1) it is free from the influence that differential decision-making has on fluctuations in attentional states, and (2) trial-unique stimuli enable later cognitive judgments to be mapped to specific moments in the task. These features allow a relatively unobtrusive measure of mind wandering that facilitates the downstream assessment of its consequences. Participants completed 900 trials of the RVRT, interrupted periodically by thought probes that assessed their attentional state. We found that both response time variance and speed predicted depth of mind wandering. Encouraged by these findings, we used the same analysis approach on archival data to demonstrate that the combination of variance and speed best predicted attentional states in several rhythm and decision task datasets. We discuss the implications of these findings and suggest future research that uses the RVRT to investigate the impact of spontaneous mind wandering on memory, decision-making, and perception.","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0