Christian Wolf, Michael B Steinborn, Lynn Huestegge
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引用次数: 0
摘要
努力是几个心理学学科的重要理论建构,但对其如何表现在行为上却鲜有共识。在这里,我们将努力操作为超越速度-精度权衡的性能改进,并认为眼动运动学为努力调节提供了一个新的概念镜头。我们研究了单纯任务指令诱导瞬时努力的效率和持久性。在跳眼选择任务中,参与者被要求尽可能快速准确地观察目标(标准指令),或者调动所有资源,更快更准确地做出反应(“付出110%”的努力指令)。我们将结果与标准速度性能(基线块)和将努力指令与绩效奖励(奖励块)联系起来的潜在性能上限进行了比较。他们的眼球运动更快、更准确,而且在下达动作指令时开始得更早。然而,随着时间的推移,当努力得到额外的奖励时,这些影响会更加明显和持久。重要的是,只有在有奖励的情况下,才能观察到速度和准确性的同时提高。总之,目前的研究结果表明,指示可能会激发努力,但奖励会维持努力,将不稳定的投入转化为持久的表现。这凸显出,在目标的驱动下,努力才能茁壮成长。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA,版权所有)。
Effort in oculomotor control: Role of instructions and reward on spatiotemporal eye movement dynamics.
Effort is an important theoretical construct in several psychological disciplines, yet there is little consensus on how it manifests in behavior. Here, we operationalized effort as performance improvements beyond speed-accuracy tradeoffs and argue that oculomotor kinematics offer a novel conceptual lens on effort regulation. We investigated the efficiency and persistence of mere task instructions to induce transient effort. In a saccadic selection task, participants were instructed to look at targets as quickly and accurately as possible (standard instructions) or to mobilize all resources and respond even faster and more accurately ("to give 110%," effort instructions). We compared results to standard speeded performance (baseline block) and to a potential upper performance limit linking effort instructions to performance-contingent rewards (reward block). Eye movements were faster, more accurate, and initiated earlier when effort was instructed. Yet, these effects were more strongly pronounced and more persistent over time when effort was additionally rewarded. Importantly, a simultaneous improvement in speed and accuracy was only observed with reward. Altogether, the present findings show that instructions may spark effort, but reward sustains it, turning volatile engagement into lasting performance. This underscores that effort thrives when driven by purpose. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance publishes studies on perception, control of action, perceptual aspects of language processing, and related cognitive processes.