IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems最新文献

{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2026.3713062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2026.3713062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"20 4","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11627762","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148628190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Wireless Battery-Free Probe-Free Disposable Electrical-Digital-PCR Chip","authors":"Shijia Du;Yangfan Xuan;Yili Shen;Xin Xie;Weixiao Wang;Lianyi Xie;Cheng Han;Bo Zhao","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2026.3682919","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBCAS.2026.3682919","url":null,"abstract":"As the most fundamental and widely-used technique in molecular diagnostics, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) plays a crucial role across various applications including epidemic surveillance and medical diagnosis. For the numerous epidemics such as COVID-19, the massive and frequent detection has challenged the PCR equipment in system miniaturization and hardware cost efficiency as well as rapid and precise detection. In conventional methods, fluorescence-PCR requires huge costly optical instruments, and the DNA-Probe-PCR can only detect a corresponding sample. In addition, both the fluorescence-PCR and DNA-Probe-PCR suffer from complex pre-label or modification procedure, further increasing the fabrication cost. In this work, we demonstrate the first probe-free electrical-digital-PCR (EdPCR) chip based on impedance detection: 1) A sensor-on-circuit structure is proposed to replace the bulky costly optical instrument with a single CMOS chip, enabling the PCR equipment to be portable and disposable. 2) A harmonic-voting method is proposed to reduce the testing pixel error rate (PER). The system is implemented in 55nm CMOS process, and in-vitro PCR experiment is conducted in various samples. The on-chip sensing array of the proposed PCR chip achieves a pixel density of 1111 pixels/mm², which is the highest in the state of the arts. Additionally, the proposed harmonic-voting method reduces the measured PER of impedance judgment by 35%, achieving an average PER of 12.2%.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"20 4","pages":"675-685"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147655568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time On-Chip Time-of-Flight Detection for US Time Reversal Localization of Implants","authors":"Anirudh Kumar Parag;Bogdan C. Raducanu;Stefano Stanzione;Patrick Hendrickx;Oguz Kaan Erden;Chris Van Hoof;Nick Van Helleputte;Georges Gielen","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2026.3665787","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBCAS.2026.3665787","url":null,"abstract":"Time-reversal (TR) localization using ultrasound (US) has emerged as a promising method to localize mm-sized deep-tissue implantable medical devices (IMDs) without requiring precise prior positional knowledge. While in-vitro studies using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) systems have validated its efficacy, practical deployment demands significant system miniaturization to enable low-power, wearable implementations. To this end, this paper presents a proof-of-concept ASIC architecture comprising 45 channels, each featuring an integrated receive and transmit chain. A key component is a novel peak-instance-detection (PID) circuit that detects the time of flight (ToF) of incoming US signals in real time via dynamic thresholding and that simultaneously digitizes the result, eliminating the need to store full waveforms. This enables TR with minimal power and memory overhead. The ASIC is implemented in the TSMC 130-nm BCD+ technology. Electrical measurements confirm accurate ToF detection from recorded US backscatter signals. The PID reduces the per-channel receive power to 100 μW – achieving a 2000X reduction over COTS alternatives. Memory usage is also minimized, requiring only 540 bits to store ToFs across all channels – 746X lower than COTS approaches. Furthermore, the on-chip ToF digitization simplifies the TR computation, reducing it to a digital subtraction operation, in contrast to the complex convolutions typically employed. Finally, in-vitro experiments in heterogeneous scattering media using a 3D-printed human rib phantom demonstrate a 22X power efficiency improvement over unfocused US transmission, while matching the localization performance of MATLAB-based COTS implementations. These results highlight the feasibility of the proposed architecture as a miniaturized platform for TR-based IMD localization.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"20 4","pages":"589-602"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146215281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Dual-Mode FSK Wireless Power and Data Transfer System With 1.1 Mbps Data Rate and Rectifier Output Power of 148 mW for Implantable Medical Applications","authors":"Congyi Qian;Sai Li;Heng Liang;Hongyuan Zhang;Songping Mai","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2026.3670033","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBCAS.2026.3670033","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a wireless power and data transfer (WPDT) system for implantable medical applications, featuring a simple structure, high data rate (DR), and efficient power transmission. To streamline the frequency-shift keying (FSK) data transmission link, the FSK modulator integrates merely one oscillator and one frequency divider, while the FSK demodulator requires only one D flip-flop and one delay unit. This minimalist design generates two FSK carrier signals with a large frequency difference, simultaneously enhancing the data transmission rate and reducing the bit error rate (BER). To meet the WPDT system’s requirements for high power transmission under transient conditions and low coupling coefficients, a coupled network capacitive compensation technique is employed. This method significantly enhances the power transmission capability of one carrier frequency, enabling greater power delivery to the load (PDL) of that carrier frequency during non-data transmission periods. Relevant circuits were fabricated using the 180 nm BCD process, and a prototype WPDT system based on these circuits has been successfully developed. Test results show that under a low coupling scenario (17.5 mm coil spacing), the system achieves a PDL of 148 mW while maintaining a DR of 1.1 Mbps with a BER below 10<inline-formula><tex-math>${}^{-8}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. This work fully verifies the system’s feasibility and provides an efficient, reliable technical solution for wireless power supply and data transmission in implantable medical devices.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"20 4","pages":"637-648"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147358016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bimodal Imaging Wireless Capsule Endoscopy System With Precise Linear Magnetic Navigation and Motion-Robust Power Transfer","authors":"Jinlei Jiang;Qichao Li;Weicheng Wang;Cheng Zhou;Wei Wang;Daxiang Cui","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2026.3672399","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBCAS.2026.3672399","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric cancer remains a global health challenge with high mortality rates, underscoring the urgent need for advanced diagnostic tools. While conventional gastroscopy encounters patient reluctance due to procedural discomfort, wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) provides a non-invasive alternative but faces challenges, including intricate motion control, constrained power supply, and restricted detection capability. This study presents a bimodal imaging WCE system that integrates near-infrared fluorescence and white-light imaging, enhanced with linear magnetic navigation and motion-robust wireless power transfer. The innovative geometrically polarized permanent magnet configuration enables sensorless adaptive and precise linear navigation (position accuracy: 0.29 mm; orientation accuracy: 0.97°). The axially self-aligning coil configuration achieves motion-robust power transfer, with capacity further enhanced by a novel internal magnet layout. Experimental validation demonstrates stable high-power reception (2 W), reduced operator dependency through the linear navigation, and improved lesion detection capability via bimodal imaging. This breakthrough addresses the fundamental limitations of current WCE systems, showcasing a mechatronic approach to advance gastric cancer diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"20 4","pages":"649-660"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147438497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MedMambaLite-v2: Shared Selective Scan for Efficient Edge Medical Mamba","authors":"Romina Aalishah;Mozhgan Navardi;Nithin Kidangazhiath Mana;Tinoosh Mohsenin","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2026.3695051","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBCAS.2026.3695051","url":null,"abstract":"AI-powered medical imaging devices are increasingly used in clinical workflows to support real-time, accurate diagnosis and decision-making. Recent advances in State-Space Models (SSMs) such as Mamba have shown remarkable performance in capturing long-range dependencies for medical image classification. However, their computational complexity and sequential data flow make them difficult to deploy on hardware, limiting real-time and energy-efficient applications at the edge. To address this challenge, we propose MedMambaLite-v2, a shared selective scan framework enabling effective acceleration on embedded edge platforms. For this aim, we build upon our earlier MedMambaLite, and further extend it in MedMambaLite-v2 through a channel-only transition mechanism that achieves a 1.7<inline-formula><tex-math>$boldsymbol{times}$</tex-math></inline-formula> reduction in operations. We then optimize the Convolution (Conv) branch, and apply knowledge distillation to retain accuracy in a compressed student model. The resulting model is 23<inline-formula><tex-math>$boldsymbol{times}$</tex-math></inline-formula> smaller compared to the MedMamba baseline, with only 1.1% reduction in the overall accuracy evaluated across 10 distinct MedMNIST datasets spanning several imaging modalities. The proposed LiteSS2D hardware design also leverages parallelism across scan directions to enable simultaneous state updates, thereby improving memory efficiency, and further incorporates 8-bit quantization to reduce computational overhead. The reconfigurable FPGA hardware prototype demonstrates 9<inline-formula><tex-math>$boldsymbol{times}$</tex-math></inline-formula> reduction in latency for a parallel implementation compared with a serial baseline. Moreover, MedMambaLite-v2 is implemented and demonstrated through end-to-end inference on MedMNIST images on CPU and GPU platforms. Performance analysis of the proposed approach on NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano and Raspberry Pi 5 shows up to 63% and 78% reductions in energy per inference, respectively, compared to the baseline.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"20 4","pages":"563-577"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2026.3713064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2026.3713064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"20 4","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11627727","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148628082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Millimeter-Sized 0.1pM-LoD Wireless 16-Channel Organic Electrochemical Transistors Based Electrochemical Sensing SoC","authors":"Yuan Ma;Shangbin Liu;Lingfeng Wu;Yahao Song;Chao Xie;Lan Yin;Milin Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2026.3652162","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBCAS.2026.3652162","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a millimeter-sized, high-sensitivity, wide-dynamic-range 16-channel electrochemical sensing SoC with integrated thin-film organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), utilizing ultrasonic wireless power and backscatter wireless communication technology. A bidirectional current conveyor and resistor (CC+R) potentiostat with duty-cycle control is introduced to minimize the static current consumption by reducing the duty cycle of the OECT amplification process. Additionally, the programmable gain amplifier’s (PGA’s) sampling capacitor is repurposed for small current-to-voltage conversion, extending the measurement range with minimal overhead. The system further integrates an active full-wave rectifier with backscatter amplitude modulation, supporting a wide range of received pulse amplitudes, variable time-of-flight (ToF), and tunable ultrasound frequencies. The design is fabricated using a 180 nm CMOS process. Experimental result features a sensing current measurement range of 184 dB, with a minimum current noise of 1.25 pA<inline-formula><tex-math>${}_{text{rms}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The power consumption of the single-channel system is 16.3 <inline-formula><tex-math>$mu W$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The design was validated for the detection of inflammatory factors, achieving a limit of detection (LoD) as low as 0.1 pM and the linearity with <inline-formula><tex-math>$R^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> greater than 0.95.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"20 4","pages":"578-588"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Fast-Charging Inductive-Capacitive Dual-Mode Orthogonal Orientation-Independent Switched-Mode Wireless Power Transfer System for Battery-Less Implantable Medical Devices in 65 nm CMOS","authors":"Gourab Barik;Sukriti Shaw;Baibhab Chatterjee;Shreyas Sen","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2026.3680951","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBCAS.2026.3680951","url":null,"abstract":"Batteryless implantable medical devices (IMDs) require tens of <inline-formula><tex-math>$boldsymbol{mu}$</tex-math></inline-formula>W to mW-level power while operating under stringent size constraints and uncertain post-implant orientation. Additionally, high body-channel attenuation necessitates high-ratio voltage multiplication, resulting in slow energy accumulation. This paper presents an Inductive-Capacitive dual mode wireless power transfer (WPT) system that improves charging latency and link robustness by combining three techniques: (i) a split rectifier (REC) architecture with temporal energy combining to mitigate stage-leakage and accelerate energy accumulation, (ii) an orthogonal coil-fed cuboid receiver that provides spatially neutral (orientation-independent) operation, and (iii) dual-mode inductive–capacitive powering by reusing the same conductors as both inductive coils and capacitive electrodes. A load-isolating switch (LIS) further suppresses leakage during startup, reducing the average load-leakage. Fabricated in 65-nm CMOS, the 0.19 mm² prototype achieves <inline-formula><tex-math>$boldsymbol{sim}$</tex-math></inline-formula>3.4<inline-formula><tex-math>$boldsymbol{times}$</tex-math></inline-formula> faster charging compared to the TEG/solar based prior-art design. In addition, under identical input conditions of –12 dBm at 70 MHz, the proposed 4 <inline-formula><tex-math>$boldsymbol{times}$</tex-math></inline-formula> 60-stage split-rectifier architecture demonstrates approximately 4<inline-formula><tex-math>$boldsymbol{times}$</tex-math></inline-formula> reduction in charging time compared to a conventional 240-stage implementation. The WPT system achieves a minimum input power sensitivity of –26 dBm (2.5 <inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>W) and operates with input amplitudes down to <inline-formula><tex-math>$boldsymbol{sim}$</tex-math></inline-formula>30 mV, enabling compact, fast-starting, and spatially robust wireless powering for IMDs.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"20 4","pages":"661-674"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-Device Maternal–Fetal Heart Monitoring From Abdominal ECG Using a NEO-Based Adaptive Predictor","authors":"Jaeouk Cho;Daehyeok Park;Jaeseong Park;Minjae Kim;Geunchang Seong;Yujun Bae;Chul Kim","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2026.3685945","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBCAS.2026.3685945","url":null,"abstract":"Existing non-invasive fetal ECG (FECG) systems often rely on external computation via wireless links, limiting their feasibility for long-term, battery-powered use. To overcome this limitation, a hardware-efficient signal processing architecture that performs fetal and maternal heart rate extraction fully on the device is presented. Key signal processing steps include parallel maternal/fetal band-pass filtering and a nonlinear energy operator-based adaptive predictor to robustly identify maternal and fetal R-peaks in real time. Evaluated on public abdominal ECG datasets, the proposed on-device system achieved high fetal R-peak detection performance with an average F1-score of greater than 96.0%. Moreover, the system outputs processed results—specifically, fetal and maternal RR intervals—thereby reducing data transmission by greater than 99.9% compared to raw signal transmission. This fully on-device approach eliminates the need for high-data-rate wireless streaming, demonstrating its practical feasibility for continuous wearable FECG monitoring.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"20 4","pages":"528-539"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147731127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}