BMJ Paediatrics Open最新文献

{"title":"Associations between paternal engagement and child development outcomes in Lebanon: a multilevel cross-sectional analysis of national data.","authors":"Junita Henry, Alya Al Sager, Lama Charafeddine, Amirhossein Yarparvar, Nicolai Petry, Omar Obeid, Carla El Mallah, Luke W Miratrix, Joelle Najjar, Janneke Hartvig Blomberg, Pamela Zgheib, Aisha K Yousafzai","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2025-004385","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjpo-2025-004385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fathers play meaningful and often under-recognised roles in supporting early child development (ECD) but evidence from crisis-affected settings is limited. In Lebanon, ongoing economic and social instability places pressure on the conditions that support children's development, emphasising the value of examining caregiving practices that promote ECD. We examined whether paternal engagement (PE) in caregiving relates to children's developmental outcomes and whether these relationships vary by socioeconomic context.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used cross-sectional data from the 2023 Lebanon Micronutrient, Anthropometric and Child Development Survey (N=1181). Children, caregivers and households were nested within sampling units. The outcome was a pooled, age-standardised ECD z-score using the Global Scales of Early Development-Household Form (0-23 months) and the Early Childhood Development Index-2030 (24-59 months), constructed by standardising scores by age in months within each instrument and then pooling across instruments as a relative index of developmental status. PE was a composite of five stimulation and three caregiving activities (α=0.73). Hierarchical linear models estimated variance, individual associations, cross-level interactions with cluster-level household assets and PE decomposition within and between clusters. Analyses used weights and multiple imputation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PE was associated with higher ECD z-scores. Each one-unit increase in engagement was associated with a 0.22 SD rise in child ECD (SE 0.11; p<0.05), with sensitivity estimates from 0.13 to 0.32 SD. We found no evidence that the association differed by cluster-level household assets or by household nationality. Engagement components within and between clusters were positive but not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In Lebanon, PE modestly correlates with higher ECD, with little variation across communities or levels of household assets. These findings emphasise fathers' contributions to early development and suggest that supporting PE, alongside broader social protections, may help strengthen child development.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors for failed newborn hearing screening among preterm infants: a prospective cohort study in Nairobi, Kenya.","authors":"Florence Vunoro Murila, Martin Jalemba Aluvaala, Fred Were, Moses Madadi Obimbo","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2026-004649","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjpo-2026-004649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the high burden of global childhood hearing loss, compliance with universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) guidelines is low in many low- and middle-income countries, including Kenya. Preterm infants are especially prone to an increased risk of hearing loss due to the associated perinatal and neonatal morbidities. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of failed hearing screening in preterm newborns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a hospital-based prospective cohort study of preterm infants at the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) and the Mbagathi County Referral Hospital newborn units (NBUs) in Nairobi, Kenya. Those born at ≤34 weeks' gestational age were recruited and underwent Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (AABR) screening before their discharge. Infant characteristics, maternal demographics, pregnancy complications and neonatal illnesses were documented. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between risk factors and failed hearing screening.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Screening was done on 376 infants. The average gestational age was 30.8 weeks and more than half were female (54.5%). Among these, 27 infants were referred (failed hearing screening either in one or both ears), a prevalence of 7.2%. There was no significant correlation with any maternal characteristics like age, attendance of antenatal care and pregnancy complications. However, after multivariable adjustment, clarithromycin remained independently associated (p=0.01) while asphyxia had a borderline association (p=0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We report a prevalence of failed newborn hearing screening by AABR of 7.2% among preterm infants, substantially higher than the global baseline estimates for the general newborn population. Clarithromycin and birth asphyxia were the only factors associated with a failed hearing screening. These findings underscore the importance of implementing and strengthening UNHS programmes in Kenya and sub-Saharan Africa, with targeted follow-up of preterm and high-risk infants to enable early detection and intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaving no child behind: supporting children in their early years.","authors":"Bernadette Daelmans","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2026-004994","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjpo-2026-004994","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenge of antimicrobial-resistant organisms in neonatal intensive care units: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Sidra Shafique, Reem Donia, Jocelyn A Srigley, Vanessa Paquette, Claire Hamilton, Bonita Lee, Julie Choudhury, Sarah Khan, Ashraf Kharrat, Cynthia Joly, Shikha Gupta-Bhatnagar, Alena Tse-Chang, Joseph Ting","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2026-005154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2026-005154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The escalation of antibiotic-resistant organisms (AROs) represents a formidable challenge to clinical practice and public health globally. Within the landscape of Gram-positive pathogens, methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and vancomycin-resistant enterococci remain the most prevalent threats. Concurrently, the rise of Gram-negative AROs, including multidrug-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, has severely curtailed available therapeutic options. These pathogens are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units, where the combination of immunological immaturity and the requirement for invasive interventions places infants at heightened risk. This narrative review synthesises current evidence regarding the microbiology, evolving epidemiology and preventative strategies for AROs within neonatal healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149104012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haemodynamic and neurophysiological assessments for 2-year outcome prediction in neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Mona Noureldein, Vincent So, Lamia M Hayawi, Ayman Saker, Laurent Renesme, Anne Tsampalieros, Nadya Ben Fadel","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2026-004810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2026-004810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the prognostic accuracy of amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG), cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy (cNIRS) and targeted neonatal echocardiography (TnECHO) for predicting 2-year outcomes (neurodevelopment and/or death) in infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library (2002-16 April 2025). PROSPERO registration: CRD42023387592.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria: </strong>Prognostic studies including infants ≥35 weeks' gestation with HIE treated with whole-body TH and reporting neurodevelopmental impairment at 18-24 months and/or death.</p><p><strong>Data extraction and synthesis: </strong>Data were extracted independently. Risk of bias was assessed using Quality in Prognosis Studies. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic ORs (DORs) and area under the curve (AUC) estimates were calculated using random-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>37 studies (n=2721) were included; 24 (n=1989) contributed to meta-analysis. Abnormal aEEG background at 36 hours predicted adverse 2-year outcomes with sensitivity 0.83 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.92), specificity 0.88 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.93), DOR 33.06 (95% CI 12.87 to 84.94), AUC (0.88). Absence of sleep-wake cycling had high specificity 0.93 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.96), DOR 30.19 (95% CI 14.47 to 63.01) and AUC 0.88. Abnormal cNIRS demonstrated potential prognostic value at 36-48 hours with specificity 0.97 (95% CI 0.13-1.00), DOR 26.74 (95% CI 4.55 to 157.14) and AUC (0.86) at 36 hours. Acute pulmonary hypertension showed low overall discrimination, DOR 2.17 (95% CI 1.35 to 3.47) and (AUC 0.40). Right ventricular dysfunction showed higher specificity but substantial heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Abnormal aEEG background at 36 hours provides reliable bedside prognostic information for 2-year outcomes in HIE. cNIRS may offer complementary value, whereas there is limited evidence supporting the utility of TnECHO alone. Multimodal methods may improve early prognostication.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MIND-T1D: study protocol for a multidimensional neurocognitive and psychological assessment of Indian children and young adults with type 1 diabetes.","authors":"Sonali Wagle-Patki, Amarpaul Keerthi, Rujul Potnis, Yogini Daphal, Ketan Gondhalekar, Isha Kumari Nayak, Neha Kajale, Anuradha Vaman Khadilkar","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2026-005159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2026-005159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is increasingly recognised to affect neurodevelopmental, cognitive and psychological functioning in children and young adults. Existing studies have largely evaluated biological, cognitive and psychological domains separately, and neuropsychological approaches suitable for multilingual and resource-constrained settings remain limited. This paper describes the MIND-T1D protocol, a culturally sensitive, clinically feasible, family-centred assessment framework for Indian children and young adults with T1D. The protocol addresses language-related barriers and educational variability by incorporating neuropsychological assessments and integrating child, parent and biological assessments within a single framework.</p><p><strong>Methods and analysis: </strong>MIND-T1D is a cross-sectional analytical study conducted at a tertiary diabetes centre in Western India. Individuals aged 10-21 years with T1D (n=264) and healthy sibling controls (n=132) frequency matched by age group will be recruited. The protocol integrates neuropsychological assessment, behavioural and emotional evaluation, health-related quality of life, parental psychological assessment, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) estimation. Neuropsychological measures are organised in a structured sequence to maintain participant engagement and minimise assessment burden. The primary objective is to compare neurocognitive functioning between participants with T1D and healthy sibling controls. Secondary objectives include evaluation of behavioural and emotional functioning, health-related quality of life and parental psychological characteristics. Exploratory objectives include examining associations of HbA1c and serum BDNF levels with neurocognitive and psychological outcomes. Sample size provides approximately 80% power to detect small-to-moderate group differences at a two-sided significance level of 0.05. Statistical analyses will include group comparisons and multivariable regression models adjusting for relevant covariates.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT07164768.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic and genetic characteristics of children with developmental delay or intellectual disability: a cohort from Northwest China.","authors":"Li Liu, Rui Yao, Yanrui Dai, Yu Wang, Tianjv Du, Xiaochen Wang, Nan Dou, Xiaoping Ma, Tian Wang, Zhengfang Luo","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2025-004073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2025-004073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intellectual disability/global developmental delay (ID/GDD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. In this study, the causal effects of genetic variant categories on clinical phenotypes in children with ID/GDD from Northwest China were examined under a prespecified analysis controlling all measured covariates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Karyotype analysis was performed in 25 children and whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 225 of 250 children with suspected ID/GDD from Northwest China. Among the 250 children, 8 had reportable chromosomal abnormalities, 9 had reportable copy number variants (CNVs), 32 had pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and 18 had SNV-variant of uncertain significance (VUS). The genetic characteristics of these findings were analysed and their causal effects on clinical manifestations of ID/GDD were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Loss of heterozygosity accounted for 6 of 10 CNV events (60.0%), and seven of nine CNV cases were pathogenic (77.78%). CNVs caused GDD in all nine CNV cases and Dandy-Walker syndrome in three cases. P/LP SNVs most frequently involved chromosomes 1 and X; 18 of 225 WES-tested children had SNV-VUS (8.0%). Phenotypic severity differed causally by variant category: P/LP SNVs caused abnormal muscle tone and brain MRI abnormalities, whereas karyotype abnormalities caused severe ID and delayed development of brain functional areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The detection of CNVs, SNVs and chromosomal karyotype abnormalities supported a close association between genotype, phenotype and clinical manifestations of children with ID/GDD in Northwest China. The combined application of karyotype analysis, chromosomal microarray analysis and WES can help improve molecular diagnostic accuracy and refine genotype-phenotype associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness and safety of the available preventive tuberculosis treatment regimens for children and adolescents: systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Vanessa Sabella-Jiménez, Dione Benjumea-Bedoya, Yenifer Hoyos-Mendez, Andrés Felipe Estupiñán-Bohorquez, Jorge Acosta-Reyes, Ivan D Florez","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2026-004610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2026-004610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although children are at a higher risk of progressing to tuberculosis (TB) disease compared with adults, research and publications addressing TB management have mostly emphasised adult disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL and grey literature were searched from inception to 3 May 2021, and updated on 12 December 2024 for the systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA). Randomised controlled trials of children and/or adolescents under 18 years with TB infection, contacts of drug-susceptible TB, without HIV, evaluating the effectiveness and safety of available regimens for the treatment of TB were included. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB tool 2. Effect estimates (RR and OR) are presented with 95% CIs. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven studies were obtained. All network geometries had open and disconnected loops, except adverse reactions for which we conducted a full NMA. We found that 4 months of isoniazid and rifampicin (4HR) reduces the number of active TB cases at 1 year, 2 years and 5 years of follow-up (RR 0.49 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.76)) compared with isoniazid for 9 months (9H). The isoniazid + rifapentine for 3 months (3HP) regimen (RR 1.09 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.15)), 4HR (RR 1.07 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.14)) and rifampicin for 4 months (4R) (RR 1.12 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.20)) regimens have higher treatment adherence compared with 9H. High variability was found in the reporting of adverse reactions, which were more likely to occur with 3HP compared with 4HR (OR 4.56 (95% CI 1.22 to 16.96)) and 4R (OR 6.37 (95% CI 2.11 to 19.19)). Adverse reactions occur less frequently with 4R (OR 0.34 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.58)) compared with 9H.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study synthesised available data on paediatric short and long-course regimens. Short course regimens may have higher adherence (3HP, 4HR, 4R) and may reduce active TB incidence (isoniazid + rifampicin for 3 months (3HR) and 4HR) compared with 9H.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration number: </strong>CRD42021271512.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13629875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trend analysis and Bayesian projection of childhood life-limiting conditions in Korea: insights into incidence and mortality.","authors":"Seonhwa Lee, Byungmi Kim, Yoonjoo Choi, Ji-Ah Kim, Jun Ah Lee, Bohyun Park","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2026-004885","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjpo-2026-004885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate long-term trends in the incidence and mortality of life-limiting conditions among children and young people in Korea from 2012 to 2022, and to project these trends through 2035.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A population-based observational study using joinpoint regression for temporal trend analysis and a Bayesian age-period-cohort model with integrated nested Laplace approximation for projections.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Nationwide data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service and national mortality statistics (2012-2022).</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Children and young people in Korea diagnosed with life-limiting conditions.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Age-standardised incidence rates and age-standardised mortality rates per 100 000 population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2012 and 2022, the age-standardised incidence rate increased from 398.5 to 565.4 per 100 000, while the age-standardised mortality rate decreased from 7.2 to 5.8. In 2022, non-cancer conditions had a 5.43 times higher incidence and 1.16 times higher mortality than cancer-related conditions. Incidence was consistently higher among females. Mortality declined overall; however, the previously declining mortality trend in non-metropolitan areas reversed during the COVID-19 period, although the subsequent increase was not statistically significant. Projections indicate that by 2035, the age-standardised incidence and mortality rates will reach 551.5 and 5.7 per 100 000, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The increasing incidence and changing mortality patterns of life-limiting conditions among children and young people in Korea indicate growing care needs. Enhancing paediatric palliative care strategies and national surveillance systems is required to address the future burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13629917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethics of child suffering imagery in the context of exploding digital technologies.","authors":"Erwin Jiayuan Khoo, Jeffrey Goldhagen, Paul H Wise","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2026-005332","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjpo-2026-005332","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13629934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149073157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}