Biointerphases最新文献

{"title":"Green-synthesized Mg-doped CuO nanoparticles targeting septicemia pathogens: Enhanced antibacterial and cancer cell cytotoxicity.","authors":"Murugeswari Raju, M Karunakaran, M Divya Gnaneswari, P Shunmuga Sundaram, D Shanmugapriya, L Bruno Chandrasekar","doi":"10.1116/6.0005450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0005450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Copper oxide (CuO) and Mg-doped CuO (CuO-Mg) nanoparticles were synthesized using a green approach with Azadirachta indica leaf extract. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized using multiple techniques including x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis-NIR spectrometry. The XRD analysis verified the purity of the synthesized materials and confirmed a monoclinic crystal structure. Doping CuO with Mg decreased the average crystallite size. EDX spectral analysis confirmed the presence of Cu, Mg, and O elements in the Mg-doped nanoparticles. The optical bandgap ranged from 1.28 to 1.37 eV, in which undoped CuO exhibited a high optical bandgap. The antibacterial activity of CuO nanoparticles increased upon increasing the concentration of Mg doping against the tested pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The biosynthesized CuO and Mg-doped CuO nanoparticles demonstrated potent concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells, achieving complete growth inhibition at 70 μg/ml CuO and 60 μg/ml Mg-doped CuO, with IC50 values of approximately 35.4 and 30.0 μg/ml, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":9053,"journal":{"name":"Biointerphases","volume":"21 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148890923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of green-synthesized SiO2 nanoparticles in modulating the electrochemical and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/LiClO4 solid polymer electrolytes.","authors":"Satyappa Kalliguddi, R F Bhajantri, Shivaprasad Chalawadi, Suhas M Malenahalli, Mallikarjun Hoogar","doi":"10.1116/6.0005591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0005591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based solid polymer electrolytes doped with lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) and reinforced with green-synthesized SiO2 nanoparticles derived from bamboo leaves were prepared by solution casting. Composites containing 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 wt. % SiO2 in a PVA/20 wt. % LiClO4 matrix were systematically characterized by FTIR, XRD, field emission scanning electron microscopy, TEM, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, AC impedance spectroscopy, and universal tensile testing. Structural analyses confirmed successful complexation, increased amorphous nature, and uniform filler dispersion at low loadings, transitioning to agglomeration at higher content. Mechanical testing showed the pristine film exhibited the highest ultimate tensile strength (≈23.5 MPa) and superior ductility. Unexpectedly, the pristine PVA/LiClO4 film exhibited the highest room-temperature ionic conductivity (2.80 × 10-4 S cm-1), which decreased progressively with SiO2 addition. Dielectric, modulus, and relaxation studies revealed that the bamboo-derived SiO2 acted as an insulating barrier, restricting segmental motion and trapping charge carriers rather than facilitating ion transport. This source-specific behavior highlights the critical influence of nanoparticle surface chemistry on electrolyte performance, establishing the unfilled PVA/LiClO4 composition as the optimal system among those investigated for potential applications in solid-state lithium batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":9053,"journal":{"name":"Biointerphases","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical studies of nonconventional drug interaction with human invariant natural killer T cells: Prediction from molecular simulations.","authors":"O A Hernández-Jaimes, J M Zárate-Reyes, M A López-Luis, E Ortiz-Sánchez, S Gallardo-Hernández","doi":"10.1116/6.0005224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0005224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a sulfonamide antibiotic strongly associated with severe cutaneous adverse effects, as a potential regulator of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. This work combines molecular docking (to evaluate the likelihood of SMX binding to residues within a conventional binding pocket), molecular dynamics (to assess the stability of SMX binding and the forces that may destabilize the interaction), flow cytometry (to evaluate iNKT-cell activation in the presence of SMX within the context of established antigen presentation models), and particularly Raman spectroscopy (to investigate whether SMX-associated spectral features are retained after co-incubation and interaction) directly on sorted iNKT cells. Functional activation was assessed through IFN-γ production from sorted iNKT cells and correlated with Raman spectral data to support our hypothesis. The Raman spectroscopy was performed on both CD1d dimer (in isolation) as the presenter molecule of the drug and in sorted iNKT cells (in isolation), to identify spectroscopic evidence of drug-CD1dimer or drug-cell interactions under near-physiological conditions. From the CD1d experiment, we observed spectral features consistent with potential interactions between CD1d and serum-derived lipids, in a manner comparable to the positive control (α-GalCer). From the iNKT experiment, peaks at 1610 and 1663 cm-1 are the representative peaks that emerge under SMX stimulation conditions in iNKT cells (through TCR binding), as identified by second principal component (PC2) analysis. From the complete experiment, (CD1d + iNKT) suggests the possibility of a direct interaction between SMX and iNKT TCRs. Flow cytometry analysis further demonstrated a significant increase in ZAP-70 phosphorylation in sorted iNKT cells exposed to SMX under serum-free conditions, supporting the possibility of proximal TCR-associated signaling in the absence of CD1d.</p>","PeriodicalId":9053,"journal":{"name":"Biointerphases","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148677040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vanadium in the radular teeth of the Antarctic Aegires albus (Nudibranchia).","authors":"Wencke Krings, Levin Uhlmann, Heike Wägele, Stanislav N Gorb","doi":"10.1116/6.0005547","DOIUrl":"10.1116/6.0005547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radular teeth are increasingly recognized as functionally graded composite structures, yet such structure-property relationships remain poorly understood, especially in species from remote habitats. Here, we investigated the radular teeth of the Antarctic sponge-feeding nudibranch Aegires albus using scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and nanoindentation. We compared the elemental composition of tissues, tooth coating, and inner tooth structure and analyzed regional mechanical gradients within the coating. Both the tooth coating and the inner structure contained calcium and vanadium, whereas these elements were much less abundant in the nonradular tissues. Within the coating, both elements showed clear regional gradients. The coating also exhibited pronounced mechanical gradients: Young's modulus and hardness were lowest in the basis and plate, intermediate in the inner structure, and highest in the stylus and tip. Both calcium and vanadium were positively associated with the mechanical properties in all regions of the teeth. These results show that the radular teeth of A. albus are spatially differentiated, multimaterial structures likely adapted to repeated interaction with spicule-bearing sponge prey. In addition, this study documents substantial amounts of vanadium in radular teeth for the first time.</p>","PeriodicalId":9053,"journal":{"name":"Biointerphases","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148599024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fiber-reinforced hydrogels: From multiscale structural design to advanced engineering applications.","authors":"Bingtao Li, Anzhu Peng, Xinting Dong, Yujie Gao, Jindan Wu","doi":"10.1116/6.0005586","DOIUrl":"10.1116/6.0005586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogels are high-water-content polymer networks similar to those of soft tissues and have shown immense potential in fields such as tissue engineering, flexible electronics, and intelligent sensors. However, traditional hydrogels still face challenges such as low mechanical strength, poor toughness, and susceptibility to fatigue. Inspired by tough natural soft tissues (such as muscles and tendons), the introduction of a robust fibrous network into hydrogels enables effective stress transfer, crack bridging, and energy dissipation, thus overcoming the mechanical limitations of traditional hydrogels. This paper reviews fiber-reinforced hydrogels prepared from different reinforcing fibers (e.g., natural, synthetic, inorganic, and carbon-based), as well as the interfacial interactions between the fibers and the matrix (including physical entanglement, dynamic noncovalent bonds, and covalent bonds), and summarizes the preparation methods, such as in situ infiltration, directional freezing, and 3D printing. It also discusses their applications in the fields of medicine, sensing, and wearable devices and finally provides an outlook on current challenges such as precise interface regulation and large-scale intelligent manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":9053,"journal":{"name":"Biointerphases","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148343553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defect-engineered ZnO and Fe3O4 nanoparticles for photoluminescence-based metal-ion sensing.","authors":"K S Chaithra, B Shwetha, Mangesh S Jadhav, Shashikala B Yalagi, Malatesh S Pujar","doi":"10.1116/6.0005545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0005545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of nanoscale materials represents a significant advancement in science, enabling the controlled synthesis of functional nanoparticles with enhanced properties. In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) and iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were synthesized using a coprecipitation method. The structural, optical, morphological, elemental, and functional properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of ZnO and Fe3O4 nanoparticles along with functional groups such as -OH, C=O, N-H, C-N, and C-H. UV-visible spectra showed characteristic absorption peaks at 195 and 243 nm, corresponding to bandgap energies of 3.3 and 2.9 eV, respectively. SEM images revealed partially aggregated nanoparticles with rodlike and spherical morphologies. XRD patterns confirmed the crystalline nature of the synthesized samples, while XPS analysis indicated the presence of Zn-O and Fe-O bonds, confirming high purity without detectable impurities. Furthermore, photoluminescence studies demonstrated that the synthesized nanoparticles exhibit excellent optical sensing performance toward Pb+ and K+ ions, highlighting their potential application in metal-ion detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":9053,"journal":{"name":"Biointerphases","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148590385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing agricultural challenges through biomimetic surfaces: Reframing foliar fungal disease as a biointerface problem.","authors":"River J Pachulicz, Bryan R Coad","doi":"10.1116/6.0005533","DOIUrl":"10.1116/6.0005533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foliar fungal diseases are major threats to global grain production, which is integral to food security and agricultural economies. Current management relies on broadacre fungicides applied after infection, which are costly, environmentally problematic, and promote the emergence of chemically resilient phytopathogens. Prophylactic strategies remain limited, but a shared requirement of foliar disease may be a key target for intervention: the pathogen must successfully detect and recognize the surface of their host. The initial point of contact in plant-fungi interactions can hence be reframed as a biointerface problem governed by the physicochemical properties of the leaf surface. Leaf surfaces are coated in a waxy layer called the cuticle, a biocomposite comprised of a cutin matrix embedded and coated with compounds called cuticular waxes. Increasing evidence shows that these waxes can signal recognition to pathogenic fungi to promote infection. However, studying these interactions is challenging due to their complexity, with whole-leaf models masking the contributions of individual surface variables. To address this, we propose a biomimetic model system using fabricated wax films to replicate native leaf chemistries on inert substrates. These systems allow for precise tuning of surface physicochemical properties, enabling systematic investigation of fungal responses to defined surface chemistries. These systems can then be used to develop prophylactic strategies that alter leaf surface properties, disrupting host-recognition in fungal pathogens to reduce foliar fungal disease incidence in agriculture globally. By reframing fungal disease as a biointerface problem, this research offers a path toward more sustainable and targeted fungal disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9053,"journal":{"name":"Biointerphases","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148668223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced biocompatibility and endothelialization of silk fibroin-derived peptide-based coating for cardiovascular tissue engineering applications.","authors":"Juo Lee, Jae Woon Lim, Hoon Seonwoo, Hae Yong Kweon, You-Young Jo, Jeong-Min Oh, Dae-Won Kim","doi":"10.1116/6.0005463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0005463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycaprolactone (PCL) has emerged as a promising biomaterial for artificial heart applications due to its biodegradability and mechanical properties. However, its hydrophobic nature and limited biocompatibility pose challenges for cardiovascular applications, requiring optimal cell-material interactions. This study investigates the surface modification of silk fibroin-derived peptide/PCL coatings to enhance biocompatibility and cellular response for potential artificial heart applications. PCL substrates were blended with varying concentrations of silk fibroin-derived peptide (0.2%, 0.5%, and 1% w/v). Surface characterization was performed using water contact angle measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy. Biocompatibility was evaluated through cell viability assays and CD31 expression analysis. Silk fibroin-derived peptide incorporation significantly improved surface hydrophilicity, with contact angles decreasing from 78° (bare PCL) to 62° (1% silk fibroin-derived peptide). FTIR analysis confirmed successful incorporation of silk fibroin-derived peptides, showing characteristic PCL ester C=O absorption at ∼1720 cm-1 and concentration-dependent amide I contributions at ∼1630-1670 cm-1. Cell viability studies demonstrated enhanced cellular response with increasing silk fibroin-derived peptide concentration, particularly evident at day 7. CD31 expression analysis revealed improved endothelial marker expression, with the highest levels observed on 1% silk fibroin-derived peptide-incorporated substrates. The results demonstrate that silk fibroin blended to PCL significantly enhances biocompatibility through improved hydrophilicity and cellular interactions. Taken together, these preliminary results indicate that silk fibroin-derived peptide-incorporated PCL could represent a promising biomaterial platform for artificial heart applications, with the potential to improve endothelial compatibility and support endothelialization.</p>","PeriodicalId":9053,"journal":{"name":"Biointerphases","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148677064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface protrusions of the microstructured lizard skin may reduce evaporation intensity: Numerical modelling approach.","authors":"Alexander E Filippov, Alexander Kovalev, Elena V Gorb, Stanislav N Gorb","doi":"10.1116/6.0005508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0005508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evaporative water loss is a critical challenge for terrestrial organisms, particularly those inhabiting arid environments. Many lizards including geckos and chameleons possess nanoscopic hairlike setulae or surface protrusions that may reduce evaporation by modifying the local microclimate near the skin. To investigate this effect, we numerically modeled water evaporation from a substrate covered by periodically structured surfaces mimicking such biological features. The model employs a diffusion equation with a heterogeneous diffusion coefficient and incorporates wind-driven advection to account for external air flow. Simulations were performed for both uncapped and capped pillar structures. Results show that the presence of periodic pillars alone modifies local vapor transport, creating vortices and zones of enhanced humidity near the substrate. The presence of caps on the pillar tops substantially enhances this effect, maintaining higher vapor density in the substrate-proximal region and reducing the net evaporation flux. Evolution of total evaporation reveals that capped structures reduce water loss by 2-3 times compared to uncapped configurations. These effects arise since the microstructured surface shapes the boundary layer, which slows down diffusion, creates humid air traps, and redirects wind-driven transport. Our findings highlight the functional role of surface microstructures in controlling evaporation and suggest a mechanistic explanation for the evolution of nanoscopic hairs in the groups of lizards with especially thin skin. The study also provides design principles for biomimetic surfaces aimed at passive water conservation and microclimate control.</p>","PeriodicalId":9053,"journal":{"name":"Biointerphases","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148817379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions between Marinobacter atlanticus and heavy metals.","authors":"Sara M Tuck, Maryssa A Beasley, Rebecca L Mickol, Katherine J Franz, Kenan P Fears","doi":"10.1116/6.0005560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0005560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine bacteria have evolved mechanisms for the regulation of essential heavy metal ions (e.g., copper, zinc, and cobalt). Understanding the interplay between these ions and marine bacteria is relevant to a variety of applications, including the development of antifouling coatings and materials and the capture and sensing of metal ions in seawater. Here, we investigate the interactions between Marinobacter atlanticus and heavy metals commonly found in natural environments at trace levels. Furthermore, M. atlanticus can produce small amounts of electricity and this ability is affected by labile metal ion concentration and can influence mineral cycling. We hypothesized that M. atlanticus may be a promising candidate for applications in heavy metal remediation or as a biosensor for heavy metal contamination. We utilized broth microdilution assays to expose M. atlanticus to a concentration range of essential and nonessential metal ions. M. atlanticus demonstrated a profound ability to grow in the presence of metal concentrations that significantly exceed those found in native environments. In metal depletion assays, where the ability of M. atlanticus to remove metal ions from solution was assessed, we found that this bacterium exhibited a marginal ability to reduce metal concentrations, with cadmium being the only heavy metal whose uptake significantly increased throughout a 72 h evaluation period. Our results suggest M. atlanticus has limited use for bioremediation but could potentially be used for biosensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":9053,"journal":{"name":"Biointerphases","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148817395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}