Hyun Jin Kim, Byung Chan Kim, Gaeun Lim, Yebin Han, Yunhee Jeong, Hee Taek Kim, Woo-Young Jeon, Jungoh Ahn, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Yung-Hun Yang
{"title":"Enhanced production of microbial levulinic acid through deletion of the levulinic acid transcriptional regulator (lvaR) in engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440.","authors":"Hyun Jin Kim, Byung Chan Kim, Gaeun Lim, Yebin Han, Yunhee Jeong, Hee Taek Kim, Woo-Young Jeon, Jungoh Ahn, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Yung-Hun Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03175-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03175-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Levulinic acid (LA) is a platform compound regarded as a promising organic intermediate for the synthesis of various chemicals such as fuel additives, plasticizers, solvents, and pharmaceuticals. Traditionally, LA is produced via acid-catalyzed dehydration and hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, but this process involves challenges such as high temperatures and pressures, the use of strong acids, byproducts formation, and limitations in recovery and purification. To provide an alternative for chemical synthesis, we previously designed an integrated process to produce LA from glucose using genetically engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440. However, as the consumption of the produced LA could not be completely prevented, its overall yield was limited. Therefore, in this study we constructed P. putida strains with additional knock-out of the lva operon genes (lvaAB, lvaE, and lvaR) in a pcaIJ knock-out strain, and introduced the aroG, asbF, and adc genes to design an LA production pathway. The pcaIJ, lvaR double knock-out strain P. putida HP205 produced 20.42 mM of LA from glycerol, and culture condition including temperature, glucose concentration, and nitrogen source were optimized. Under optimal conditions, P. putida HP205 produced 73.9 mM (8.58 g/L) LA in fed-batch fermentation. When crude glycerol was used as the substrate, both LA production and cell growth were enhanced. This study presents the impact of the LA transcriptional regulator and demonstrates a strategy for enhanced LA production in P. putida.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1281-1294"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yantong Liu, Mingda Zhou, Jiawei Liu, Han Wang, Zibin Li, Yayi Wang
{"title":"Planktonic anammox bacteria toward a better understanding of ecophysiological traits and harnessing the untapped potential as a bioresource.","authors":"Yantong Liu, Mingda Zhou, Jiawei Liu, Han Wang, Zibin Li, Yayi Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03210-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-025-03210-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria play a crucial role in biogeochemical nitrogen cycling and have been applied to wastewater treatment as a revolutionary nitrogen removal technology. Despite the successful application of anammox technology in engineering, our understanding of anammox bacteria in terms of their physiological and biochemical characteristics remains the tip of the iceberg, and challenges mainly arise from their slow growth rates and the absence of pure cultures. The development of enrichment cultures, particularly through membrane bioreactors, is important in addressing these challenges. In this review, we highlight the key factors that are vital for optimizing planktonic cell growth and preventing cell aggregation, i.e., calcium and magnesium concentration, oxygen level, and solids retention time, and propose the involved regulation strategies which help improve our understanding of the ecology of anammox bacteria and their competitive advantages, particularly in nitrogen-limited environments. Then, insights into the unique cellular structures of anammox bacteria (including anammoxosome and their distinct lipid membranes) and the complex metabolic pathways involving unique nitrogen intermediates were discussed, partially based on anammox planktonic cells. Finally, recent advances pertaining to non-traditional growth conditions and novel applications, such as ladderane lipid biosynthesis, extracellular polymeric substance production, and electro-anammox processes are discussed, underscoring their potential in innovative bioresource utilization beyond wastewater treatment. This review provides an in-depth understanding of planktonic cultivation techniques, growth dynamics, and biochemical characteristics of anammox bacteria, and highlights promising avenues for future research and application of valuable anammox bacteria resources, propelling their application in both ecological and engineered systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent advances in phyto- and microorganisms-mediated synthesis of copper nanoparticles and their emerging applications in healthcare, environment, agriculture and food industry.","authors":"Drashti Tank, Anjali Bishnoi, Savita Goswami, Nikita J Ambegaonkar, Pratik Patel, Mamta Chahar, Sarita Khaturia, Virendra Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03196-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-025-03196-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past few decades, the study of novel methods to control the size and morphology of inorganic and organic materials has been the focus of current research. Recently, green synthesis approaches for the synthesis of nanoparticles have garnered significant attention due to their use of eco-friendly and non-toxic substances. These methods are simple, cost-effective, and help in synthesizing thermally and chemically stable nanoparticles. This review article illustrates the detailed study of the utilization of bio-templates, such as parts of plants (e.g., leaves, seeds, etc.), bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, etc. These biological systems act as reducing and stabilizing agents, which help in the formation of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) with controlled morphology and size. Copper metal was selected due to its great utility, high biocompatibility, and lower side effects. Here, the authors have reviewed the mechanism of formation of CuNPs by bacteria, algae, fungi, and plants, in addition to the characterization of CuNPs. Further emphasis has been given on the multifaceted application of green CuNPs in healthcare (antibacterial, anticancer, etc.), sensing, environmental remediation (dye removal and pollutant removal), and agriculture. This review also identifies current challenges and outlines the future scope of CuNPs in various emerging fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdullah N Alotaibi, Abdullah Al-Dakhil, Hayam A Alwabsi, Ibrahim O Althobaiti, Reda M El-Shishtawy, Yaaser Q Almulaiky
{"title":"Sustainable synthesis of alginate-cobalt ferrite nanocomposites for horseradish peroxidase immobilization: enhanced stability, reusability, and catalytic efficiency.","authors":"Abdullah N Alotaibi, Abdullah Al-Dakhil, Hayam A Alwabsi, Ibrahim O Althobaiti, Reda M El-Shishtawy, Yaaser Q Almulaiky","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03171-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03171-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the green synthesis of an alginate-cobalt ferrite (Alg-CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) composite using Brachychiton populneus extract for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilization, targeting enhanced enzyme stability and reusability. The Alg-CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composite, synthesized via co-precipitation and calcination at 600 °C, was characterized using XRD, VSM, SEM-EDX, BET, FT-IR, and zeta potential analysis, confirming its structural, magnetic, and surface properties. HRP immobilization via glutaraldehyde crosslinking achieved a high immobilization yield of 84%, attributed to the composite's high surface area and covalent binding efficiency. Kinetic analysis revealed an increased Km (30 mM) and Vmax (5.88 µmol/min) for HRP@Alg-CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, indicating enhanced catalytic efficiency with reduced substrate affinity. The immobilized enzyme exhibited superior tolerance to organic solvents, retaining 149% activity in n-hexane. In addition, it retained 71% activity after 10 cycles and 74% after 8 weeks of storage at 4 °C, outperforming free HRP. Optimal conditions shifted from pH 6.5 to 7.0 and from 50 to 60 °C, reflecting improved environmental resilience. This study highlights HRP@Alg-CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> as a robust biocatalyst, offering promising applications in wastewater treatment and industrial bioprocesses.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1207-1219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Lv, Haijiong Lu, Alfred Elikem Kwami Afedzi, Ikram Ul Haq, Yong Xu
{"title":"Dual roles of anion exchange resin in green lignocellulose biorefinery system based on self-providing acid pretreatment.","authors":"Yang Lv, Haijiong Lu, Alfred Elikem Kwami Afedzi, Ikram Ul Haq, Yong Xu","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03166-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03166-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resting cell-catalyzed xylonic acid (XA) offers a promising strategy for developing an efficient lignocellulose biorefinery that relies on a systematic self-providing acid pretreatment. Xylo-oligosaccharides, XA, and glucose are co-produced from hemicellulose and cellulose components through a combination of XA pretreatment corncob, resting cell catalysis of xylose, and enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. However, the inevitable formation of degraded inhibitors and XA can synergistically impede biological processes during XA recycling and pretreatment. An anion exchange resin serves a dual function role, acting as an intelligent regulator of inhibitors and XA in the resting cell catalysis of pretreated hydrolysates, and efficiently facilitating the centrifugal separation and recycling of bacterial cells for xylose conversion to XA. After five consecutive rounds of co-recovery of the resin and bacterial cells, 91.6% of the bacteria remained viable, and the xylose conversion to XA yield reached 82.2%.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1147-1157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nandhini Vasu, Thangamathi Perumal, Prabu Kumar Seetharaman, Ananth Sivapunniyam, Gnanasoundari Anthoni, Karthik Raja Ramalingam, Vahitha Rajamohan, Sharmiladevi Thangaiyan
{"title":"Aegle marmelos-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles for mosquito control, cancer therapy, and antibacterial applications.","authors":"Nandhini Vasu, Thangamathi Perumal, Prabu Kumar Seetharaman, Ananth Sivapunniyam, Gnanasoundari Anthoni, Karthik Raja Ramalingam, Vahitha Rajamohan, Sharmiladevi Thangaiyan","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03162-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03162-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study investigated the synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (Am-ZnO-NPs) using Aegle marmelos leaves and their mosquitocidal, antioxidant, and anticancer efficacy. Am-ZnO-NPs were synthesized via combustion method under optimized conditions, including 5% plant extract, temperature of 70 °C, a contact time of 60 min, and pH of 10. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized using advanced analytical techniques. The Am-CuO-NPs were hexagonal wurtzite in shape and had an average particle size of 37.44 nm. The Am-CuO-NPs are highly stable with a surface charge of - 26.77 mV. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified several compounds with insecticidal, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, including hexadecenoic acid, ethyl ester (25.61%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester (12.64%), and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester (6.31%). The aqueous extract of A. marmelos (100 µg/mL) demonstrated the highest larvicidal (57.33%) and pupicidal (42.67%) activities compared to other solvent extracts. In contrast, Am-ZnO-NPs exhibited relatively higher larvicidal activity (86.67%) and pupicidal (56.00%) at 10 µg/mL. The nanoparticles also inhibited the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carboxylesterases and reduced the total protein (TP) levels in Ae. aegypti larvae. Further, both the aqueous leaf extract and Am-ZnO-NPs were effective in scavenging DPPH free radicals, achieving 76% and 94% inhibition, respectively, at a concentration of 125 µg/mL. Am-ZnO-NPs also exhibited cytotoxicity, induced cell cycle arrest, enhanced cell adhesion, and promoted apoptosis in L-132 lung cancer cell lines. Further, the Am-ZnO-NPs display potent antibacterial activity against clinical pathogens. These results highlight the role of phytochemicals in A. marmelos leaves for their effective biological activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1089-1111"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicole Novelli do Nascimento, Ana Bárbara Moulin Cansian, Jumara Silva de Sousa, Fernanda Novelli Negrão, Paulo Waldir Tardioli, Angélica Marquetotti Salcedo Vieira
{"title":"Plants lipases: challenges, recent advances, and future prospects - a review.","authors":"Nicole Novelli do Nascimento, Ana Bárbara Moulin Cansian, Jumara Silva de Sousa, Fernanda Novelli Negrão, Paulo Waldir Tardioli, Angélica Marquetotti Salcedo Vieira","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03164-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03164-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant lipases offer a sustainable and promising alternative for various industrial applications, with increasing use in biocatalytic processes in recent years. Leveraging plants as renewable resources reduces dependence on animal or microbial sources, providing significant potential for sustainable lipase production. These lipases are biodegradable and less toxic, enhancing their cost-effectiveness, particularly when sourced from plants with additional economic value. The diversity of plant species offers a wide array of lipases with different properties, broadening their industrial applications. Additionally, integrating plant lipase production into existing agricultural processes by using agricultural residues or by-products as enzyme sources can reduce costs and add value to waste materials. Despite their potential, several challenges must be addressed for the effective utilization of plant-derived lipases. Reducing extraction and purification costs is essential to make these enzymes competitive with other sources. Advancements in the biochemical and structural characterization of plant lipases have facilitated enzymatic engineering approaches to enhance enzyme stability, specificity, and catalytic efficiency. A review of the current research can help identify gaps and suggest new directions for enzyme development and technological advancements. Understanding the mechanisms of action and unique properties of plant lipases can drive innovations in biocatalytic processes. This review aims to highlight the characteristics of plant lipases and the challenges in their extraction, purification, and stability. This study conducted a narrative review using a database of relevant studies, selecting 92 studies. The future of plant lipases holds great promise for transformative impacts across various industries, promoting more sustainable and innovative practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1049-1067"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient pretreatment of Phragmites australis biomass using glutamic acid for bioethanol production by a hybrid hydrolysis and fermentation strategy.","authors":"Jiabin Wang, Rui Zhang, Yu Shao, Cheng Zhang, Xinyan You, Qianyue Yang, Fang Xie, Rongling Yang, Hongzhen Luo","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03165-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03165-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial fermentation of renewable lignocellulosic biomass to produce biofuels presents significant environmental advantages. The conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose into fermentable sugars provides essential carbon sources for microbial metabolism. However, the recalcitrance of biomass limits enzymatic accessibility. In this study, mild L-glutamic acid (GA) pretreatment was applied to Phragmites australis residues (reed straw) to fractionate lignin and polysaccharides for enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis. Pretreatment with 0.20 mol/L GA at 180 °C for 50 min (logRo = 4.1) achieved glucan recovery and xylan removal rates of 84.2% and 87.8%. Consequently, glucose and total sugar yields reached 75.5 and 71.2%, representing 5.35- and 5.18-fold increases compared to untreated reed. The 28.7 g fermentable sugars with a high glucose-to-xylose ratio (18.1 g/g) were obtained from 100 g reed. The hydrolysates were subsequently used as substrates for bioethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which yielded 12.4-32.3 g/L ethanol via separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). By analyzing bioethanol production of SHF and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), an optimized hybrid hydrolysis and fermentation (HHF) strategy was developed. Under HHF process, 48.5 g/L of ethanol was achieved from 20 wt% solid loads. This study demonstrates an efficient approach to convert abundant lignocellulosic waste into fermentable sugars and biofuels.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1133-1146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clay mineral content modulates biogenic gas production in coal: divergent microbial responses in low- and medium-rank coals revealed by multi-omics.","authors":"Shufeng Zhao, Hongyu Guo, Zebin Wang, Bin Zhang, Hao Chen, Norbert Klitzsch, Lijiao Yue, Daping Xia","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03170-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03170-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The influence of clay mineral content on biogenic gas production in coal seams remains insufficiently understood. This study systematically investigated the mechanisms by which clay minerals affect biogas production in low- and medium-rank coals by integrating simulated biogas production experiments with multidimensional analytical techniques, including infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, and metagenomic analysis. The results demonstrated that in low-rank coal, increasing the clay content from 2.78 to 4.75 g per 20 g of coal reduced the biogas yield from 6.30 to 3.47 mL/g. Conversely, in medium-rank coal, increasing the clay content from 1.66 to 2.65 g per 20 g of coal enhanced the biogas yield from 3.45 to 5.28 mL/g. These contrasting outcomes are primarily attributed to the distinct mechanistic roles of clay minerals across coal ranks. In low-rank coal, the hydration-induced swelling of clay minerals intensified pore blockage, impeded gas diffusion, decreased the abundance of genes involved in propionate degradation, and suppressed microbial metabolic activity, ultimately limiting methane production. In contrast, in medium-rank coal, clay minerals facilitated the enrichment of key functional microbial taxa, such as Acetobacteroides and Methanoculleus, promoted the degradation of fatty acids, hydroxyls, and amines, and enhanced the activity of acidogenic and methanogenic pathways, thereby increasing methane yield. This study elucidates the microbial mechanisms underlying the regulatory role of clay minerals in biogas production, offering new theoretical insights into the origin of coalbed methane (CBM) and providing a scientific foundation for optimizing biogenic CBM recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1189-1205"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriel de Morais Campos, Natalia Dos Santos Renato, Victor Hugo Laviola de Oliveira, Pedro Henrique de Moura Rodrigues, Marcio Arêdes Martins
{"title":"Influence of paddlewheel geometry on hydrodynamic performance and energy consumption in microalgae cultivations in open raceway ponds.","authors":"Gabriel de Morais Campos, Natalia Dos Santos Renato, Victor Hugo Laviola de Oliveira, Pedro Henrique de Moura Rodrigues, Marcio Arêdes Martins","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03168-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03168-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microalgae cultivation is a field with significant potential across various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and energy. Aiming to optimize the geometric parameters of a paddlewheel agitation system through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and experimental validation, an investigation was conducted involving different rotation speeds, blade pitch angles, and the number of blades on a paddlewheel within a microalgae cultivation tank. The results revealed paddlewheels with 90° inclined blades exhibited higher average flow velocities. Regarding the vertical mixing index, the 8-blade paddlewheels demonstrated inferior performance compared to systems with four and six blades. A pitch angle of 60° minimized power consumption. The optimal configuration found was a 60°-angled 4-blade paddlewheel, operating at a rotation speed of 19 rpm, yielding the highest mixing performance index value at 46.12 W<sup>-1</sup>. The straight blades operated at 13 rpm could not sustain microalgae suspension. For 60° inclined blades, all tested rotations achieved a high level of suspension.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1171-1188"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}