{"title":"The effects of plastisphere on the physicochemical properties of microplastics.","authors":"Kuok Ho Daniel Tang, Ronghua Li","doi":"10.1007/s00449-024-03059-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-024-03059-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The plastisphere is the microbial communities that grow on the surface of plastic debris, often used interchangeably with plastic biofilm or biofouled plastics. It can affect the properties of the plastic debris in multiple ways. This review aims to present the effects of the plastisphere on the physicochemical properties of microplastics systematically. It highlights that the plastisphere modifies the buoyancy and movement of microplastics by increasing their density, causing them to sink and settle out. Smaller and film microplastics are likely to settle sooner because of larger surface areas and higher rates of biofouling. Biofouled microplastics may show an oscillating movement in waterbodies when settling due to diurnal and seasonal changes in the growth of the plastisphere until they come close to the bottom of the waterbodies and are entrapped by sediments. The plastisphere enhances the adsorption of microplastics for metals and organic pollutants and shifts the adsorption mechanism from intraparticle diffusion to film diffusion. The plastisphere also increases surface roughness, reduces the pore size, and alters the overall charge of microplastics. Charge alteration is primarily attributed to changes in the functional groups on microplastic surfaces. The plastisphere introduces carbonyl, amine, amide, hydroxyl, and phosphoryl groups to microplastics, causing an increase in their surface hydrophilicity, which could alter their adsorption behaviors for heavy metals. The plastisphere may act as a reactive barrier that enhances the leaching of polar additives. It may anchor bacteria that can break down plastic additives, resulting in decreased crystallinity of microplastics. This review contributes to a better understanding of how the plastisphere alters the fate, transport, and environmental impacts of microplastics. It points to the possibility of engineering the plastisphere to improve microplastic biodegradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141497016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Felipe Moura Dias, Milena Miyu Teruya, Samanta Omae Camalhonte, Vinícius Aragão Tejo Dias, Luis Giovani de Oliveira Guardalini, Jaci Leme, Thaissa Consoni Bernardino, Felipe S Sposito, Eduardo Dias, Renato Manciny Astray, Aldo Tonso, Soraia Attie Calil Jorge, Eutimio Gustavo Fernández Núñez
{"title":"Inline Raman spectroscopy as process analytical technology for SARS-CoV-2 VLP production.","authors":"Felipe Moura Dias, Milena Miyu Teruya, Samanta Omae Camalhonte, Vinícius Aragão Tejo Dias, Luis Giovani de Oliveira Guardalini, Jaci Leme, Thaissa Consoni Bernardino, Felipe S Sposito, Eduardo Dias, Renato Manciny Astray, Aldo Tonso, Soraia Attie Calil Jorge, Eutimio Gustavo Fernández Núñez","doi":"10.1007/s00449-024-03094-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-024-03094-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present work focused on inline Raman spectroscopy monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 VLP production using two culture media by fitting chemometric models for biochemical parameters (viable cell density, cell viability, glucose, lactate, glutamine, glutamate, ammonium, and viral titer). For that purpose, linear, partial least square (PLS), and nonlinear approaches, artificial neural network (ANN), were used as correlation techniques to build the models for each variable. ANN approach resulted in better fitting for most parameters, except for viable cell density and glucose, whose PLS presented more suitable models. Both were statistically similar for ammonium. The mean absolute error of the best models, within the quantified value range for viable cell density (375,000-1,287,500 cell/mL), cell viability (29.76-100.00%), glucose (8.700-10.500 g/), lactate (0.019-0.400 g/L), glutamine (0.925-1.520 g/L), glutamate (0.552-1.610 g/L), viral titer (no virus quantified-7.505 log<sub>10</sub> PFU/mL) and ammonium (0.0074-0.0478 g/L) were, respectively, 41,533 ± 45,273 cell/mL (PLS), 1.63 ± 1.54% (ANN), 0.058 ± 0.065 g/L (PLS), 0.007 ± 0.007 g/L (ANN), 0.007 ± 0.006 g/L (ANN), 0.006 ± 0.006 g/L (ANN), 0.211 ± 0.221 log<sub>10</sub> PFU/mL (ANN), and 0.0026 ± 0.0026 g/L (PLS) or 0.0027 ± 0.0034 g/L (ANN). The correlation accuracy, errors, and best models obtained are in accord with studies, both online and offline approaches while using the same insect cell/baculovirus expression system or different cell host. Besides, the biochemical tracking throughout bioreactor runs using the models showed suitable profiles, even using two different culture media.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"63-84"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shenghu Hao, Mei Xu, Lu Li, Luyao Wang, Zhongliang Su
{"title":"Enhancing isoprene production by supplementing mevalonate pathway expressed in E. coli with immobilized enzymes.","authors":"Shenghu Hao, Mei Xu, Lu Li, Luyao Wang, Zhongliang Su","doi":"10.1007/s00449-024-03093-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-024-03093-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isoprene is an important component in rubber production, which can be produced using the E. coli mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway, and this method has the advantage of green environmental protection and sustainable. However, due to the excessive accumulation of intermediates, the growth of cells was inhibited and the enzyme activity decreased gradually, so it was difficult to increase the yield of isoprene. The immobilized enzyme has the characteristics of high stability and strong reusability, so in this study, the immobilized enzyme was added to the fermentation process of isoprene production by mevalonate metabolizing bacteria (PT-P), to explore the effect on isoprene synthesis. Under the optimum conditions, compared with PT-P fermentation alone, the enzyme catalyzes the conversion of MVA with an efficiency of up to 50.86%, and the yield of isoprene increased by about 30%, reaching 234.47 mg/L.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"53-61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142341074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sepehr Govara, S M Hosseinalipour, Masoud Soleimani
{"title":"Quantitative investigation of the effect of mechanical and geometrical factors of a laboratory-scale bioreactor using a vibrating agitator on mammalian cell culture indices.","authors":"Sepehr Govara, S M Hosseinalipour, Masoud Soleimani","doi":"10.1007/s00449-024-03095-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-024-03095-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mammalian cell cultures in laboratories are performed in static and dynamic methods, and cell growth indices are higher in dynamic mode. In this study, a lab-scale stirred bioreactor using a vibrating disc and a suitable setup has been introduced for dynamic cell culture, which creates proper mixing at low shear stress. 15 experiments have been done by Raji cell in batch mode using Box-Behnken design to quantitatively investigate the effect of mechanical and geometrical factors of this bioreactor on cell culture indices. Three structural factors, including disc diameter, vibration amplitude, and the height of the disc placement have been selected as the main factors. Three cell growth indices including the specific growth rate, the maximum cell concentration, and productivity have been considered as biological responses. Resulting models predict the value of each index under different settings of the factors with good accuracy. Results show that the disc diameter has the greatest effect among the investigated factors. Also, the specific growth rate, the natural logarithm of the maximum cell concentration, and productivity are about 0.033 (1/h), 13.2, and 5133 (cells/hmL), respectively by using a 25 (mm) disc with a vibration amplitude of 2.5 up to 3 (mm), and a placement height of 40 up to 60 (mm).</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"85-101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
André D Valkenburg, George M Teke, Robert W M Pott, Eugéne van Rensburg
{"title":"The fed-batch production of mannosylerythritol lipids by Ustilago maydis DSM 4500 from hydrophilic carbon sources.","authors":"André D Valkenburg, George M Teke, Robert W M Pott, Eugéne van Rensburg","doi":"10.1007/s00449-024-03084-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-024-03084-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glycolipids are a class of widely studied biosurfactants with excellent applicability in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. This class of biosurfactants includes mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs), which have gained particular interest due to their moisturizing and healing activity for dry and damaged human skin, arising from conditions such as eczema. Traditionally, MELs have been produced by growing certain basidiomycetous yeasts on vegetable oils. However, oils are a comparatively expensive substrate, which negatively affects the economic performance of MEL production. In addition to this, vegetable oils significantly complicate the downstream processing required to produce a product with the required purity for most applications. To address these challenges, this study investigated MEL-A production exclusively from hydrophilic carbon sources by Ustilago maydis DSM 4500. By implementing a fed-batch production strategy, maximum MEL-A concentration of 0.87 g/L was achieved from glucose exclusively. Also, adding micronutrients (such as MnSO<sub>4</sub>) to MEL-A production showed a 24.1% increase in the product titer, implying other metabolites are formed, favoring MEL production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"2043-2054"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11470959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142280166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zeynab Rangraz, Ali Jafari, Mansour Shahedi, Mostafa M Amini, Zohreh Habibi
{"title":"Encapsulation of Candida antarctica lipase B in metal-organic framework under ultrasound and using it to one-pot synthesis of 1,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted pyrazoles.","authors":"Zeynab Rangraz, Ali Jafari, Mansour Shahedi, Mostafa M Amini, Zohreh Habibi","doi":"10.1007/s00449-024-03083-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-024-03083-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Encapsulating the enzyme in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is a convenient method to prepare MOF-enzyme biocomposite. In this study, Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B) was chosen to immobilize in Cu-BTC MOF under ultrasound irradiation. CAL-B was immobilized in Cu-BTC under ultrasound at 21 kHz and 11.4 W/cm<sup>2</sup> and incubation. 98% of CAL-B was immobilized in Cu-BTC with 99 U/mg activity (threefold more active than the free CAL-B). The prepared biocomposite was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, TGA, SEM, EDX, and BET. The thermal and solvent stability of CAL-B@Cu-BTC was investigated. It was found that at a temperature of 55 ℃, CAL-B@Cu-BTC maintains its activity even after 2 h of incubation. Furthermore, in the presence of 20% and 50% concentrations of MeCN, THF, and DMF, CAL-B@Cu-BTC was found to have an activity of over 80%. A prepared biocatalyst was used to synthesize 1,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted pyrazole derivatives (50-75%) in a one-pot vessel, by adding phenyl hydrazine hydrochlorides, benzaldehydes, and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"2027-2041"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142145079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunlong Pang, LiQin Duan, Bo Song, YuLin Cui, XiaoYong Liu, TingTing Wang
{"title":"A Review of Fucoxanthin Biomanufacturing from Phaeodactylum tricornutum.","authors":"Yunlong Pang, LiQin Duan, Bo Song, YuLin Cui, XiaoYong Liu, TingTing Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00449-024-03039-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-024-03039-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microalgae, compared to macroalgae, exhibit advantages such as rapid growth rates, feasible large-scale cultivation, and high fucoxanthin content. Among these microalgae, Phaeodactylum tricornutum emerges as an optimal source for fucoxanthin production. This paper comprehensively reviews the research progress on fucoxanthin production using Phaeodactylum tricornutum from 2012 to 2022, offering detailed insights into various aspects, including strain selection, media optimization, nutritional requirements, lighting conditions, cell harvesting techniques, extraction solvents, extraction methodologies, as well as downstream separation and purification processes. Additionally, an economic analysis is performed to assess the costs of fucoxanthin production from Phaeodactylum tricornutum, with a comparative perspective to astaxanthin production from Haematococcus pluvialis. Lastly, this paper discusses the current challenges and future opportunities in this research field, serving as a valuable resource for researchers, producers, and industry managers seeking to further advance this domain.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1951-1972"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141330370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Isolation of native microorganisms from Shengli lignite and study on their ability to dissolve lignite.","authors":"Yinglin Zhao, Ruina Chai, Jianguo Duan, Zhiying Yang, Shuheng Zhang, Yunying Liu, Xiaoxia Wang, Jianguo Cheng","doi":"10.1007/s00449-024-03080-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-024-03080-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To more greenly and efficiently utilize the abundant lignite resources and explore the microbial degradation and transformation potential of lignite for its environmentally friendly and resourceful utilization, Shengli lignite from the Hulunbuir region of Inner Mongolia, China, was selected as the research subject. Through the dilution plating method and streaking method, 31 native microorganisms were successfully isolated from the Shengli lignite, including 16 bacteria and 15 fungi. After microbial coal dissolution experiments, it was found that certain microorganisms have a significant dissolving effect on lignite, with some bacterial and fungal strains showing strong dissolution capabilities. In particular, the bacterium SH10 Lysinibacillus fusiformis and the fungus L1W Paecilomyces lilacinus demonstrated the best coal-dissolving abilities, with dissolution rates both reaching 60%. The products of microbial dissolution of lignite were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology, identifying a variety of small molecular organic compounds, including alkanes, alcohols, esters, and phenols. The results of this study provide a new perspective on the biodegradation of lignite and lay the foundation for the development of new lignite treatment and utilization technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1985-1997"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141911661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gaurav Sharma, Baljit Kaur, Yashika Raheja, Amarjeet Kaur, Varinder Singh, Neha Basotra, Marcos Di Falco, Adrian Tsang, Bhupinder Singh Chadha
{"title":"Developing endophytic Penicillium oxalicum as a source of lignocellulolytic enzymes for enhanced hydrolysis of biorefinery relevant pretreated rice straw.","authors":"Gaurav Sharma, Baljit Kaur, Yashika Raheja, Amarjeet Kaur, Varinder Singh, Neha Basotra, Marcos Di Falco, Adrian Tsang, Bhupinder Singh Chadha","doi":"10.1007/s00449-024-03085-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-024-03085-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endophytic fungi, as plant symbionts, produce an elaborate array of enzymes for efficient disintegration of lignocellulosic biomass into constituent monomeric sugars, making them novel source of lignocellulolytic CAZymes with immense potential in future biorefineries. The present study reports lignocellulolytic enzymes production potential of an endophytic halotolerant Penicillium oxalicum strain isolated from Citrus limon, under submerged and solid-state fermentation (SmF & SSF, respectively), in the presence and absence of salt (1 M NaCl). The comparative QTOF-LC/MS-based exoproteome analysis of the culture extracts unveiled differential expression of CAZymes, with the higher abundance of GH6 and GH7 family cellobiohydrolase in the presence of 1 M salt. The strain improvement program, employing cyclic mutagenesis and diploidization, was utilized to develop hyper-cellulase producing mutant strains of P. oxalicum. The enzyme production of the developed strain (POx-M35) was further enhanced through statistical optimization of the culture conditions utilizing glucose mix disaccharides (GMDs) as an inducer. This optimization process resulted in the lignocellulolytic cocktail that contained high titers (U/mL) of endoglucanase (EG) (146.16), cellobiohydrolase (CBHI) (6.99), β-glucosidase (β-G) (26.21), xylanase (336.05) and FPase (2.02 U/mL), which were 5.47-, 5.54-, 8.55-, 4.96-, and 4.39-fold higher when compared to the enzyme titers obtained in wild HP1, respectively. Furthermore, the lignocellulolytic cocktails designed by blending secretome produced by mutant POx-M35 with xylanases (GH10 and GH11) derived from Malbranchea cinnamomea resulted in efficient hydrolysis of unwashed acid pretreated (UWAP) rice straw slurry and mild alkali deacetylated (MAD) rice straw. This study underscores the potential of bioprospecting novel fungus and developing an improved strain for optimized production and constitution of lignocellulolytic cocktails that can be an important determinant in advancing biomass conversion technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"2055-2073"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuo Shan, Yuan Bao, Xiangrong Liu, Xiaojing Wang, Dan Li
{"title":"Evolution characteristics and molecular constraints of microbial communities during coal biogasification.","authors":"Tuo Shan, Yuan Bao, Xiangrong Liu, Xiaojing Wang, Dan Li","doi":"10.1007/s00449-024-03086-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-024-03086-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the production of biomethane, and variation in microbial community and coal molecular structures using gas chromatography, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, the factors influencing microbial community structure at a molecular level are discussed. The results demonstrate that bituminous coal exhibits a higher biomethane yield than anthracite coal. In bituminous coal samples, Escherichia and Proteiniphilum are the predominant bacteria at day 0, while Macellibacteroides dominates from days 5 to 35. Methanofollis is the dominated archaea during days 0 to 15, followed by Methanosarcina on day 35. In anthracite coal samples, Soehngenia is the dominant bacterial genus at day 0; however, it transitions to mainly Soehngenia and Aminobacterium within days 5-15 before evolving into Acetomicrobium on day 35. Methanocorpusculum is predominantly found in archaeal communities during days 0-15 but shifts to Methanosarcina on day 35. Alpha diversity analysis reveals that bacterial communities have higher species abundance and diversity compared to archaeal communities. Redundancy analysis indicates a significant correlation between coal molecular structure and bacterial community composition (P value < 0.05), whereas no correlation exists with archaeal community composition (P value > 0.05). The research findings provide theoretical support for revealing the biological gasification mechanisms of coal.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"2075-2089"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142341075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}