Bioengineering最新文献

{"title":"Different Oral Appliance Designs Demonstrate Different Rates of Efficacy for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Review Article.","authors":"Leonard A Liptak, Edward Sall, Sung Kim, Erin Mosca, Shouresh Charkhandeh, John E Remmers","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12020210","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12020210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obstructive Sleep Apnea afflicts an estimated 1 billion people worldwide. Untreated, Obstructive Sleep Apnea is linked with elevated levels of mortality, decreased quality of life and increased economic costs. However, several large population studies demonstrate that the efficacy of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure therapy, the most frequently prescribed treatment for Obstructive Sleep Apnea, is compromised by frequent refusals and terminations. As a result, healthcare providers are evaluating non-CPAP treatment options. Oral Appliance Therapy has emerged as a leading non-CPAP treatment for patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Historically, healthcare providers have questioned the efficacy of Oral Appliance Therapy. Dozens of Oral Appliances are available to healthcare providers, with many contemporary Oral Appliances featuring improved designs, materials and technologies. This review investigates whether Oral Appliance design matters; do different Oral Appliance designs demonstrate different rates of efficacy? To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first review to exclusively focus on scientific papers that report treatment success with Oral Appliances as a residual Apnea Hypopnea Index of less than 10 events per hour. Out of 272 source papers, the 27 papers included in this review encompass a pooled sample of 3799 patients treated with six distinctly different categories of Oral Appliance designs. Chi-squared and two-sided Fisher's exact tests indicate significant differences in efficacy amongst Oral Appliance designs. These findings suggest that certain Oral Appliance designs can enable highly efficacious treatment for patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Given these findings, healthcare providers should consider design when selecting an oral device for patients diagnosed with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143498377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Round Well Inset for Uniform Electric Field Distribution in Electroporation Applications.","authors":"Praveen Sahu, Marco Barozzi, Paolo Di Barba, Maria Evelina Mognaschi, Monica La Mura, Patrizia Lamberti, Michele Forzan, Maria Teresa Conconi, Ignacio Camarillo, Raji Sundararajan, Elisabetta Sieni","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12020203","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12020203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uniform electric field distribution in electroporation is crucial for achieving the effective localized delivery of drug molecules. Currently, in vitro electroporation studies on adherent cells lack a standardized test setup for obtaining consistent and repeatable results, unlike in vitro electroporation studies on cell suspensions that use electroporation cuvettes, which provide uniform electric field distribution. Considering this, we designed, built, and tested a novel inset design for low-volume round well plates, such as the 24- and 96-well plates which are most commonly used in cell culture labs. The inset design was realized using 3D printing and experimentally tested using potato phantoms and HeLa cells. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to compute the electric field distribution in the round well plates with and without the inset. The FEA indicated that the electric field contour map at the bottom of the well with the inset had a more uniform electric field distribution, with an average value close to the expected 1000 V/cm. In contrast, it was only 840 V/cm without the inset, indicating non-uniform electric field distribution. Uniform electric fields were also obtained using the inset for the potato phantoms and the HeLa cells, indicating the merit of the inset and its usability with low-volume cell culture well plates, which enable the transfer of cells for various assays without additional steps, as well as its cost-effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143498449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Innovative Coded Language for Transferring Data via a Haptic Thermal Interface.","authors":"Yosef Y Shani, Simon Lineykin","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12020209","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12020209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this research was to develop a coded language, similarly to Morse or Braille, via a haptic thermal interface. The method is based on the human thermal sense to receive and decode the messages, and is to be used as an alternative or complementary channel for various scenarios in which conventional channels are not applicable or not sufficient (e.g., communication with the handicapped or in noisy/silent environments). For the method to be effective, it must include a large variety of short recognizable cues. Hence, we designed twenty-two temporally short (<3 s) cues, each composed of a sequence of thermal pulses, meaning a combination of warm and/or cool pulses with several levels of intensity. The thermal cues were generated using specially designed equipment in a laboratory environment and displayed in random order to eleven independent participants. The participants identified all 22 cues with 95% accuracy, and 16 of them with 98.3% accuracy. These results reflect extraordinary reliability, indicating that this method can be used to create an effective innovative capability. It has many potential implications and is applicable immediately in the development of a new communication capability, either as a single-modality thermal interface, or combined with tactile sensing to form a full haptic multisensory interface. This report presents the testing and evaluating process of the proposed set of thermal cues and lays out directions for possible implementation and further investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143498358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Mathematical Model for Understanding Microcirculation in Diabetic Foot Ulcers Based on Ankle-Brachial Index.","authors":"Ana Karoline Almeida da Silva, Gustavo Adolfo Marcelino de Almeida Nunes, Rafael Mendes Faria, Mário Fabrício Fleury Rosa, Lindemberg Barreto Mota da Costa, Newton de Faria, Adson Ferreira da Rocha, José Carlos Tatmatsu-Rocha, Suelia de Siqueira Rodrigues Fleury Rosa","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12020206","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12020206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study proposes an innovative mathematical model for assessing microcirculation in patients with diabetic ulcers, using the ankle-brachial index (ABI). The methodology combines Bond Graph (BG) modeling and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), enabling a detailed analysis of hemodynamic patterns in a pilot sample of three patients. The results revealed a correlation between ulcer size and reduced ABI values, suggesting that deficits in microcirculation directly impact the severity of lesions. Furthermore, despite variations in ABI values and arterial pressures, all patients exhibited high capillary resistance, indicating difficulties in microcirculatory blood flow. The PSO-optimized parameters for the capillary equivalent circuit were found to be R1=89.784Ω, R2=426.55Ω, L=27.506H, and C=0.00040675F, which confirms the presence of high vascular resistance and reduced compliance in the microvascular system of patients with diabetic foot ulcers. This quantitative analysis, made possible through mathematical modeling, is crucial for detecting subtle changes in microcirculatory dynamics, which may not be easily identified through conventional pressure measurements alone. The increased capillary resistance observed may serve as a key indicator of vascular impairment, potentially guiding early intervention strategies and optimizing diabetic ulcer treatment. We acknowledge that the sample size of three patients represents a limitation of the study, but this number was intentionally chosen to allow for a detailed and controlled analysis of the variables involved. Although the findings are promising, additional experimental validations are necessary to confirm the clinical applicability of the model in a larger patient sample, thus solidifying its relevance in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143498375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammatory Cell-Targeted Delivery Systems for Myocardial Infarction Treatment.","authors":"Wenyuan Zhang, Dan Peng, Shiqi Cheng, Rui Ni, Meiyang Yang, Yongqing Cai, Jianhong Chen, Fang Liu, Yao Liu","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12020205","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12020205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myocardial infarction (MI) is a cardiovascular disease (CVD) with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, which is a serious threat to human life and health. Inflammatory and immune responses are initiated immediately after MI, and unbalanced inflammation post-MI can lead to cardiac dysfunction, scarring, and ventricular remodeling, emphasizing the critical need for an effective inflammation-regulating treatment. With the development of novel therapies, the drug delivery system specific to inflammatory cells offers significant potential. In this review, we introduce immune cells and fibroblasts involved in the development of MI and summarize the newly developed delivery systems related to the use of injectable hydrogels, cardiac patches, nanoparticles, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Finally, we highlight the recent trends in the use of inflammatory cell-targeting drug delivery systems involving different strategies that facilitate the effective treatment of MI.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuro-Nutrition and Exercise Synergy: Exploring the Bioengineering of Cognitive Enhancement and Mental Health Optimization.","authors":"Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez, Agustín Curiel-Regueros, Alejandro Rubio-Zarapuz, José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12020208","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12020208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interplay between nutrition, physical activity, and mental health has emerged as a frontier in bioengineering research, offering innovative pathways for enhancing cognitive function and psychological resilience. This review explores the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the synergistic effects of tailored nutritional strategies and exercise interventions on brain health and mental well-being. Key topics include the role of micronutrients and macronutrients in modulating neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, the impact of exercise-induced myokines and neurotrophins on cognitive enhancement, and the integration of wearable bioelectronics for personalized monitoring and optimization. By bridging the disciplines of nutrition, psychology, and sports science with cutting-edge bioengineering, this review highlights translational opportunities for developing targeted interventions that advance mental health outcomes. These insights are particularly relevant for addressing global challenges such as stress, anxiety, and neurodegenerative diseases. The article concludes with a roadmap for future research, emphasizing the potential of bioengineered solutions to revolutionize preventive and therapeutic strategies in mental health care.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143498434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Socially Assistive Robots in Rehabilitation Scenarios.","authors":"Arianna Carnevale, Alessandra Raso, Carla Antonacci, Letizia Mancini, Alessandra Corradini, Alice Ceccaroli, Carlo Casciaro, Vincenzo Candela, Alessandro de Sire, Pieter D'Hooghe, Umile Giuseppe Longo","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12020204","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12020204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) represent an innovative approach in rehabilitation technology, significantly enhancing the support and motivation for individuals across diverse rehabilitation settings. Despite their growing utilization, especially in stroke recovery and pediatric rehabilitation, their potential in musculoskeletal and orthopedic rehabilitation remains largely underexplored. Although there is methodological and outcome variability across the included studies, this review aims to critically evaluate and summarize the research on SARs in rehabilitation, providing a thorough overview of the current evidence and practical applications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, resulting in the selection of 20 studies for analysis. The reviewed papers were categorized into three main classes based on the roles of the robots in rehabilitation: Motivation, Imitation, and Feedback Providers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis highlights that SARs significantly improve adherence to rehabilitation programs, enhance motor function, and increase motivation across clinical and home settings. Robots such as NAO, Pepper, and ZORA demonstrated high efficacy, particularly in stroke recovery and pediatric rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SARs offer transformative benefits in rehabilitation, providing scalable, personalized solutions through motivational support, guided exercises, and real-time feedback. Their integration into orthopedic rehabilitation could address critical clinical needs, enhancing precision in exercises, adherence to long-term programs, and overall patient outcomes. Future research should prioritize the development and validation of SAR-based interventions for musculoskeletal disorders to unlock their full potential in this domain.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143498455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomedical Applications of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence.","authors":"Yan Pei, Jijiang Yang","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12020207","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12020207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This Special Issue of <i>Bioengineering</i> is dedicated to the profound impact of big data and artificial intelligence (AI) in the fields of biomedical research and healthcare. In an age defined by the rapid evolution of technology, this Issue explores the dynamic intersection of AI and data science with medicine. A total of 14 papers were accepted after a thorough review process, with their topics including disease diagnosis, medical data analysis, image processing, personalized medicine, pathological image segmentation, survival prediction, cognitive load assessment, and medical knowledge extraction. These studies aim to enhance medical image analysis, signal processing, data prediction, and interpretability to improve diagnostic accuracy, medical efficiency, and personalized treatment plans for patients. We hope the publication of this Special Issue can offer a comprehensive view of the transformative power of these innovative approaches and enrich research and investigations into the applications of big data and AI in biomedical research and healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143498335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning-Driven Prediction of Vitamin D Deficiency Severity with Hybrid Optimization.","authors":"Usharani Bhimavarapu, Gopi Battineni, Nalini Chintalapudi","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12020200","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12020200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a growing need to predict the severity of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) through non-invasive methods due to its significant global health concerns. For vitamin D-level assessments, the 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH-D) blood test is the standard, but it is often not a practical test. This study is focused on developing a machine learning (ML) model that is clinically acceptable for accurately detecting vitamin D status and eliminates the need for 25-OH-D determination while addressing overfitting. To enhance the capacity of the classification system to predict multiple classes, preprocessing procedures such as data reduction, cleaning, and transformation were used on the raw vitamin D dataset. The improved whale optimization (IWOA) algorithm was used for feature selection, which optimized weight functions to improve prediction accuracy. To gauge the effectiveness of the proposed IWOA algorithm, evaluation metrics like precision, accuracy, recall, and F1-score were used. The results showed a 99.4% accuracy, demonstrating that the proposed method outperformed the others. A comparative analysis demonstrated that the stacking classifier was the superior choice over the other classifiers, highlighting its effectiveness and robustness in detecting deficiencies. Incorporating advanced optimization techniques, the proposed method's promise for generating accurate predictions is highlighted in the study.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143498333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Vest Load Carriage on Cardiometabolic Responses with Load Position, Load Mass, and Walking Conditions for Young Adults.","authors":"Zhibo Jing, Hong Han, Jianda Han, Juanjuan Zhang","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12020202","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12020202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carrying external loads, such as vest-borne systems, is common in occupations like firefighting and military service, yet the physiological impacts of load placement, mass, and walking conditions remain not fully understood. This study examined the effects of vest load carriage on metabolic rate and heart rate. Participants underwent three trials with varying load placements, masses (0-30 kg), and walking conditions (different speeds and inclines). Results showed no significant effect of load placement on metabolic and heart rates with a 10 kg vest load. When walking with a vest load at a speed of 5 km/h, the metabolic rate followed a quadratic relationship with load mass, while heart rate increased linearly. When walking with a 10 kg vest load, with slope ranging from 0% to 10% and speed ranging from 3 km/h to 7 km/h, each 5% increase in slope or 2 km/h increase in speed significantly elevated the metabolic rate. These findings highlight the importance of load mass in determining energy expenditure and can guide safer load-bearing designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143498442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}