Bioengineering最新文献

{"title":"Recycled Sericin Biopolymer in Biotechnology and Bioelectronics.","authors":"Davide Vurro, Aris Liboà, Ilenia D'Onofrio, Giuseppe De Giorgio, Zirong Zhou, Vardan Galstyan, Yajie Qin, Xiongchuan Huang, Pasquale D'Angelo, Giuseppe Tarabella","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12050547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12050547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a world characterized by rapid industrialization and a growing population, plastic or polymeric waste handling has undergone significant transformations. Recycling has become a major strategy where silk sericin has great potential among recyclable polymers. This naturally occurring biopolymer is a sustainable and versatile material with a wide range of potential uses in biotechnology and sensing. Furthermore, preparing and studying new environmentally friendly functional polymers with attractive physicochemical properties can open new opportunities for developing next-generation materials and composites. Herein, we provide an overview of the advances in the research studies of silk sericin as a functional and eco-friendly material, considering its biocompatibility and unique physicochemical properties. The structure of silk sericin and the extraction procedures, considering the influence of preparation methods on its properties, are described. Sericin's intrinsic properties, including its ability to crosslink with other polymers, its antioxidative capacity, and its biocompatibility, render it a versatile material for multifunctional applications across diverse fields. In biotechnology, the ability to blend sericin with other polymers enables the preparation of materials with varied morphologies, such as films and scaffolds, exhibiting enhanced mechanical strength and anti-inflammatory effects. This combination proves particularly advantageous in tissue engineering and wound healing. Furthermore, the augmentation of mechanical strength, coupled with the incorporation of plasticizers, makes sericin films suitable for the development of epidermal electrodes. Simultaneously, by precisely controlling hydration and permeability, the same material can be tailored for applications in packaging and the food industry. This work highlights the multidisciplinary and multifunctional nature of sericin, emphasizing its broad applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Characterization of Serum-Free Media on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Fibrochondrogenesis.","authors":"Ka Yu Carissa Kwan, Ke Li, Yu Yang Wang, Wai Yi Tse, Chung Yan Tong, Xu Zhang, Dan Michelle Wang, Dai Fei Elmer Ker","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12050546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12050546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing fibrochondrogenic serum-free media is important for regenerating diseased and injured fibrocartilage but no defined protocols exist. Towards this goal, we characterized the effect of four candidate fibrochondrogenic serum-free media containing transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-β3), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) with high/low glucose and with/without dexamethasone on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) via proliferation and differentiation assays. In Ki67 proliferation assays, serum-free media containing low glucose and dexamethasone exhibited the highest growth. In gene expression assays, serum-free media containing low glucose and commercially available chondrogenic media (COM) induced high fibrochondrogenic transcription factor expression (scleraxis/<i>SCX</i> and SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9/<i>SOX9</i>) and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein levels (aggrecan/<i>ACAN,</i> collagen type I/<i>COL1A1</i>, and collagen type II/<i>COL2A1</i>), respectively. In immunofluorescence staining, serum-free media containing high glucose and COM induced high fibrochondrogenic transcription factor (SCX and SOX9) and ECM protein (COL1A1, COL2A1, and collagen type X/COL10A1) levels, respectively. In cytochemical staining, COM and serum-free media containing dexamethasone showed a high collagen content whereas serum-free media containing high glucose and dexamethasone exhibited high glycosaminoglycan (GAG) levels. Altogether, defined serum-free media containing high glucose exhibited the highest fibrochondrogenic potential. In summary, this work studied conditions conducive for fibrochondrogenesis, which may be further optimized for potential applications in fibrocartilage tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zirconia in Dental Implantology: A Review of the Literature with Recent Updates.","authors":"Sami Aldhuwayhi","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12050543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12050543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zirconia dental implants have emerged as a transformative material in implantology, offering a biocompatible, esthetic, and durable alternative to traditional titanium implants. This comprehensive review explores the key properties of zirconia, including high fracture resistance, esthetic superiority, and low bacterial affinity. The ability of zirconia to integrate with bone through osseointegration, coupled with its resistance to plaque and inflammation, results in a product that is particularly suitable for patients with metal sensitivities or high esthetic demands. However, challenges such as brittleness and complex manufacturing processes persist. Advances in surface modification techniques and material optimization are poised to address these limitations, paving the way for broader applications. The purpose of this descriptive review was to emphasize the mechanical, antibacterial, osteointegration and survival rates of zirconia implants. This paper also summarizes findings from recent empirical studies, highlighting zirconia's clinical performance, biological responses, and future potential as a mainstream implant material.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Machine Learning-Based Models and a Simple Clinical Bedside Tool to Predict Morbidity and Mortality After Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery in the Elderly.","authors":"Barbara Frezza, Mario Cesare Nurchis, Gabriella Teresa Capolupo, Filippo Carannante, Marco De Prizio, Fabio Rondelli, Danilo Alunni Fegatelli, Alessio Gili, Luca Lepre, Gianluca Costa","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12050544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12050544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Frailty in the elderly population is associated with increased vulnerability to stressors, including surgical interventions. This study compared machine learning (ML) models with a clinical bedside tool, the Gastrointestinal Surgery Frailty Index (GiS-FI), for predicting mortality and morbidity in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery. In a multicenter analysis of 937 patients aged ≥65 years, the performance of various predictive models including Random Forest (RF), Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), Stepwise Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors, Neural Network, and Support Vector Machine algorithms were evaluated. The overall 30-day mortality and morbidity rates were 6.1% and 35.7%, respectively. For mortality prediction, the RF model demonstrated superior performance with an AUC of 0.822 (95% CI 0.714-0.931), outperforming the GiS-FI score (AUC = 0.772, 95% CI 0.675-0.868). For morbidity prediction, all models showed more modest discrimination, with stepwise regression and LASSO regression achieving the highest performance (AUCs of 0.652 and 0.647, respectively). Our findings suggest that ML approaches, particularly RF algorithm, offer enhanced predictive accuracy compared to traditional clinical scores for mortality risk assessment in elderly cancer patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. These advanced analytical tools could provide valuable decision support for surgical risk stratification in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exhale-Focused Thermal Image Segmentation Using Optical Flow-Based Frame Filtering and Transformer-Aided Deep Networks.","authors":"Do-Kyeong Lee, Jae-Sung Shin, Jae-Sung Choi, Min-Hyung Choi, Min Hong","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12050542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12050542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the COVID-19 pandemic, interest in non-contact diagnostic technologies has grown, leading to increased research into remote biosignal monitoring. The respiratory rate, widely used in previous studies, offers limited insight into pulmonary volume. To redress this, we propose a thermal imaging-based framework for respiratory segmentation aimed at estimating non-invasive pulmonary function. The proposed method uses an optical flow magnitude-based thresholding technique to automatically extract exhalation frames and segment them into frame sequences. A TransUNet-based network, combining a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) encoder-decoder architecture with a Transformer module in the bottleneck, is trained on these sequences. The model's Accuracy, Precision, Recall, IoU, Dice, and F1-score were 0.9832, 0.9833, 0.9830, 0.9651, 0.9822, and 0.9831, respectively, which results demonstrate high segmentation performance. The method enables the respiratory volume to be estimated by detecting exhalation behavior, suggesting its potential as a non-contact tool to monitor pulmonary function and estimate lung volume. Furthermore, research on thermal imaging-based respiratory volume analysis remains limited. This study expands upon conventional respiratory rate-based approaches to provide a new direction for respiratory analysis using vision-based techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Arthroscopic Robotic System for Meniscoplasty with Autonomous Operation Ability.","authors":"Zijun Zhang, Yijun Zhao, Baoliang Zhao, Gang Yu, Peng Zhang, Qiong Wang, Xiaojun Yang","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12050539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12050539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meniscoplasty is a common surgical procedure used to treat meniscus tears. During the operation, there are often key challenges such as a limited visual field, a narrow operating space, and difficulties in controlling the resection range. Therefore, this study developed an arthroscopic robotic system with the ability of autonomous meniscus resection to achieve better surgical outcomes. To address the issue of limited visual fields during the operation, this study used the preoperative and intraoperative meniscus point cloud images for surgical navigation and proposed a novel cross-modal point cloud registration framework. After the registration was completed, the robotic system automatically generated a resection path that could maintain the crescent shape of the remaining meniscus based on the improved Rapidly Exploring Random Tree (RRT) path-planning algorithm in this study. Meanwhile, the Remote Center of Motion (RCM) constraint was introduced during the movement of the robot to enhance safety. In this study, the mean squared error of the preoperative-intraoperative meniscus point cloud registration was only 0.1964 mm², which meets the surgical accuracy requirements. We conducted experiments to validate the autonomous operation capabilities of the robot. The robot successfully completed motion-planning and autonomous implementation, thus demonstrating the reliability of the robotic system.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Evaluation Model for Brain Ischemia Protection in Mice by Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulation Based on Functional Cortico-Muscular Coupling.","authors":"Ziqiang Jin, Xiaoling Chen, Zechuan Du, Yi Yuan, Xiaoli Li, Ping Xie","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12050541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12050541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Background: Ischemic stroke is a major global public-health concern with complex pathogenesis. Current treatment strategies face challenges. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUS), a non-invasive neuromodulation technology, shows promise in treating ischemic stroke, yet its underlying mechanisms lack in-depth investigation, especially in quantitative efficacy evaluation. (2) Methods: This study aimed to develop a neuromuscular functional coupling-based dynamic time warping (DTW) model to evaluate LIPUS's neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. A bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) model in mice was established, and LIPUS treatment was given. Time- and frequency-domain analyses of local field potentials (LFPs) and electromyography (EMG) were conducted, and outcomes were quantified using a percentage-based scoring system. (3) Results: The BCAO+LIPUS group scored significantly higher than the BCAO group. (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrated that LIPUS is neuroprotective in BCAO mice and that the DTW-100 assessment evaluation model can quantify the neuroprotective effects of LIPUS.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling and Simulation of the Interactions Between the Cardiovascular System and the Combined Use of VA ECMO and IABP: Comparison Between Peripheral and Central Configurations.","authors":"Beatrice De Lazzari, Massimo Capoccia, Roberto Badagliacca, Marc O Maybauer, Claudio De Lazzari","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12050540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12050540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) for the management of refractory cardiogenic shock (CS) has been widely used in recent years. Increased left ventricular (LV) afterload induced by retrograde flow remains a limiting factor, which is particularly evident during peripheral VA ECMO support. The concomitant use of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is an established strategy to achieve LV unloading during VA ECMO support. Nevertheless, there remains controversy about the combined use of IABP during central or peripheral VA ECMO in terms of beneficial effects and outcome. We developed a simulation setting to study left ventricular unloading with IABP during peripheral and central VA ECMO using CARDIOSIM©, an established software simulator of the cardiovascular system. The aim was to quantitatively evaluate potential differences between the two VA ECMO configurations and ascertain the true beneficial effects compared to VA ECMO alone. The combined use of central VA ECMO and IABP decreased left ventricular end systolic volume and left ventricular end diastolic volume by 5-10%; right ventricular end systolic volume and right ventricular end diastolic volume by 10-20%; left atrial end systolic volume and left atrial end diastolic volume by 5-10%. Up to 25% reduction in mean left atrial pressure, up to 15% reduction in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and up to 25% reduction in mean pulmonary arterial pressure was observed. From an energetic point of view, left ventricular external work decreased by 10-15% whilst up to 40%vreduction in right ventricular external work was observed. The findings make central VA ECMO plus IABP the most appropriate combination for left and right ventricle unloading.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Enhances Lower Limb Muscle Synergies During Jumping in Martial Artists Post-Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Randomized Crossover Trial.","authors":"Xiaoyan Wang, Haojie Li, Jiangang Chen","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12050535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12050535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on lower limb muscle synergies during the single-leg hop test in martial artists after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four martial artists who underwent ACL reconstruction were recruited and performed a single-leg hop test under two conditions: with NMES (ES) and without NMES (CON). The ES condition involved using Compex SP 8.0 to deliver biphasic symmetrical wave stimulation. Jump performance metrics and electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded. Muscle synergies of the lower limbs were extracted using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to analyze patterns of muscle coordination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the CON condition, the ES condition significantly reduced the jump time (0.13 ± 0.05 vs. 0.18 ± 0.09; F = 5.660; <i>p</i> = 0.022) and significantly increased the contact time (0.53 ± 0.12 vs. 0.43 ± 0.21; F = 4.013; <i>p</i> = 0.049). Muscle synergy analysis revealed three distinct synergy patterns under both conditions. For synergy pattern 1, compared with the CON condition, the muscle weightings of the rectus femoris and tibialis anterior muscles were significantly increased under the ES condition (<i>p</i> < 0.001). For synergy pattern 2, compared with the CON condition, the muscle weighting of the lateral gastrocnemius muscle was significantly increased under the ES condition (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Additionally, the activation timing of synergy pattern 2 was significantly reduced under the ES condition (<i>p</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neuromuscular electrical stimulation enhances jump performance and alters muscle synergy patterns in martial artists after ACL reconstruction. The findings suggest that NMES can promote better lower limb muscle coordination during jumping tasks, potentially aiding in postoperative rehabilitation and performance optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRMS-CNNFormer: A Novel Framework for Predicting the Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer on Multi-Sequence MRI.","authors":"Tao Lian, Mengting Zhou, Yangyang Shao, Xiaqing Chen, Yinghua Zhao, Qianjin Feng","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12050538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12050538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate preoperative prediction of biochemical recurrence (BCR) in prostate cancer (PCa) is essential for treatment optimization, and demands an explicit focus on tumor microenvironment (TME). To address this, we developed MRMS-CNNFormer, an innovative framework integrating 2D <b>m</b>ulti-<b>r</b>egion (intratumoral, peritumoral, and periprostatic) and <b>m</b>ulti-<b>s</b>equence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images (T2-weighted imaging with fat suppression (T2WI-FS) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)) with clinical characteristics. The framework utilizes a <b>CNN</b>-based encoder for imaging feature extraction, followed by a trans<b>former</b>-based encoder for multi-modal feature integration, and ultimately employs a fully connected (FC) layer for final BCR prediction. In this multi-center study (46 BCR-positive cases, 186 BCR-negative cases), patients from centers A and B were allocated to training (<i>n</i> = 146) and validation (<i>n</i> = 36) sets, while center C patients (<i>n</i> = 50) formed the external test set. The multi-region MRI-based model demonstrated superior performance (AUC, 0.825; 95% CI, 0.808-0.852) compared to single-region models. The integration of clinical data further enhanced the model's predictive capability (AUC 0.835; 95% CI, 0.818-0.869), significantly outperforming the clinical model alone (AUC 0.612; 95% CI, 0.574-0.646). MRMS-CNNFormer provides a robust, non-invasive approach for BCR prediction, offering valuable insights for personalized treatment planning and clinical decision making in PCa management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}