Bioactive Materials最新文献

{"title":"Noninvasive method for achieving the regeneration of damaged nerves via ultrasonic nasal drops","authors":"Ning Zhu ,&nbsp;Fan Wang ,&nbsp;Zeyu Han ,&nbsp;Shifeng Ling ,&nbsp;Duo Wai-Chi Wong ,&nbsp;Shenglin Ye ,&nbsp;Mingyue Liu ,&nbsp;Yanyang Chen ,&nbsp;Gracie Shen ,&nbsp;Ming Ni ,&nbsp;Huitong Ruan ,&nbsp;Yan Qiu ,&nbsp;Wenguo Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.02.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.02.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Repair and regeneration of damaged neurons is a promising therapeutic strategy for central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as ischemic stroke (IS). However, achieving efficient neuronal repair and regeneration after CNS injury through noninvasive methods remains a significant challenge. Therefore, this study proposes, for the first time, an ultrasonic nasal drop formulation that induces efficient regeneration of damaged neurons through electropharmacological coupling in an noninvasive manner. Liposomes containing the natural anti-inflammatory drug Timosaponin B-II (TB) were coated onto barium titanate nanoparticles (BTO) to form LTO@TB. Using microfluidic technology and a Schiff base reaction, LTO@TB was encapsulated into aldehyde-based and methacrylate-modified microspheres (MS) to create the ultrasonic nasal drop MS@LTO@TB. The aldehyde groups of MS@LTO@TB spontaneously formed amide bonds with the numerous amino groups in the nasal mucosa, facilitating specific adhesion. Due to its enhanced bioadhesion and efficient transmembrane transport, LTO@TB was continuously and noninvasively delivered to the brain when administered nasally. Additionally, under ultrasonic stimulation, LTO@TB in the brain exerted an electropharmacological coupling effect, achieving noninvasive electrical stimulation of damaged neurons. MS@LTO@TB modulated microglial phenotypes, restored electrical signal conduction among damaged neurons, reshaped the inflammatory microenvironment, reduced neuronal apoptosis, activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and promoted axonal regeneration. MS@LTO@TB also showed the unique ability to alleviate inflammation and promote neuronal remodeling in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). This study presents a promising strategy involving the nasal administration of ultrasonic nasal drops as a noninvasive and efficient treatment for CNS injuries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8762,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive Materials","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 342-361"},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential construction of vascularized and mineralized bone organoids using engineered ECM-DNA-CPO-based bionic matrix for efficient bone regeneration","authors":"Tingting Gai ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yan Hu ,&nbsp;Ruiyang Li ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao Chen ,&nbsp;Jianhua Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenhua Chen ,&nbsp;Yingying Jing ,&nbsp;Chenglong Wang ,&nbsp;Long Bai ,&nbsp;Xiuhui Wang ,&nbsp;Jiacan Su","doi":"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.02.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.02.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the limitations of allogeneic and artificial bone grafts, bone organoids have attracted extensive attention for their physiological properties that closely resemble natural bone, offering great potential to bone reconstruction for critical-sized bone defects. Although early-stage bone organoids such as osteo-callus organoids and woven bone organoids have been reported, functional bone organoids with vascularization and mineralization are currently unavailable due to the lack of bone-mimicking matrix and dynamic culture systems suitable for the long-term cultivation of mature bone organoids. Herein, a novel engineered bionic matrix hydrogels with multifunctional components and double network structure are developed by incorporating calcium phosphate oligomers (CPO) into a combination of bone-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) and salmon-derived deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) via photo-crosslinking and dynamic self-assembly strategies. This kind of bionic matrix hydrogels facilitate recruitment, proliferation, osteogenesis and angiogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs). More importantly, vascularized and mineralized bone organoids are sequentially constructed using BMSCs-loaded engineered bionic matrix hydrogels via <em>in vitro</em> dynamic culture and <em>in vivo</em> heterotopic ossification. Meanwhile, this kind of engineered bionic matrix are capable of achieving efficient bone repair for cranial defect. These findings suggest that engineered bionic matrix hydrogels combined with such dynamic culture system, providing a promising strategy for functional bone organoids construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8762,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive Materials","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 362-377"},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Cyanobacteria-based self-oxygenated photodynamic therapy for anaerobic infection treatment and tissue repair\" [Bioactive Materials 12 (2022) 314–326]","authors":"Bailiang Wang ,&nbsp;Liyang Zhou ,&nbsp;Yishun Guo ,&nbsp;Hanwen Guo ,&nbsp;Yiming Zhong ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Huang ,&nbsp;Yifan Ge ,&nbsp;Qingying Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Chu ,&nbsp;Yingying Jin ,&nbsp;Kaiyue Lan ,&nbsp;Mei Yang ,&nbsp;Jia Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.02.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.02.027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8762,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive Materials","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 340-341"},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organelle-oriented nanomedicines in tumor therapy: Targeting, escaping, or collaborating?","authors":"Kexin Tan ,&nbsp;Haiyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianyuan Yang ,&nbsp;Hang Wang ,&nbsp;Yongqiang Li ,&nbsp;Guqiao Ding ,&nbsp;Ping Gu ,&nbsp;Siwei Yang ,&nbsp;Jipeng Li ,&nbsp;Xianqun Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.02.040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.02.040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precise tumor therapy is essential for improving treatment specificity, enhancing efficacy, and minimizing side effects. Targeting organelles is a key strategy for achieving this goal and is a frontier research area attracting a considerable amount of attention. The concept of organelle targeting has a significant effect on the structural design of the nanodrugs employed. Most notably, the intricate interactions among different organelles in a tumor cell essentially create a unified system. Unfortunately, this aspect might have been somewhat overlooked when existing organelle-targeting nanodrugs were designed. In this review, we underscore the synergistic relationship among the various organelles and advocate for a holistic view of organelle-targeting design. Through the integration of biology and material science, recent advancements in organelle targeting, escaping, and collaborating are consolidated to offer fresh perspectives for the development of antitumor nanomedicines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8762,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive Materials","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 291-339"},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling osteogenesis mechanisms of the empowered VitaFlux adaptive regeneration biomaterials for bone tissue engineering: Insights into the role of BBGs/BSBGs","authors":"Xian Li ,&nbsp;Kun Su ,&nbsp;Limin Zhao ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiang Yang ,&nbsp;Ping Du ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Chen ,&nbsp;Haobo Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bone tissue engineering materials are crucial for bone repair, but existing repair materials still face many challenges, including poor biocompatibility and bioactivity, slow self-repair processes, limited adaptability, inability to promote angiogenesis and so on. To address these issues, the development of third-generation bone repair materials, which are being designed to stimulate specific cellular responses at the molecular level, such as borate and borosilicate bioactive glasses (BBGs/BSBGs) that activate cells and genes, offers new potential for promoting bone tissue self-renewing. Their unique characteristic lies in a flow of life-giving energy, releasing beneficial ions such as boron, calcium and silicon to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation, accelerating the regeneration of bones. Through this dynamic repair mechanism, these VitaFlux glasses operate like a “living system” within the body, not only speeding up the healing of damaged tissues but also interacting seamlessly with surrounding tissues during the repair process. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the current understanding of the osteogenesis mechanisms of BBGs/BSBGs, emphasizing their interactions with cells, including ion release and exchange, protein adsorption, and cell adhesion. We also examine key osteogenic signaling pathways related to the alkaline and ionic microenvironments of BBGs/BSBGs, such as the cell cycle, Wnt, MAPK, and BMP signaling pathways, along with macrophage polarization and angiogenesis. Additionally, strategies and future prospects for advancing BBGs/BSBGs research are discussed. Special attention is given to the NaBC1 and GPCR-mediated signaling pathways, which require further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8762,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive Materials","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 271-290"},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sequential drug delivery system based on silk fibroin scaffold for effective cartilage repair","authors":"Menglin Xiao ,&nbsp;Liangyan Sun ,&nbsp;Kang Wu ,&nbsp;Yuqi Ding ,&nbsp;Peipei Wang ,&nbsp;Chuangchuang Mu ,&nbsp;Jinrong Yao ,&nbsp;Zhengzhong Shao ,&nbsp;Bingjiao Zhao ,&nbsp;Xin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endogenous repair of cartilage defects is a preferential strategy for cartilage repair, but always hindered by insufficient early-stage cells and incomplete cell differentiation at later stages. For <em>in-situ</em> cartilage regeneration, it is crucial to develop a sequential drug release system capable of recruiting endogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and promoting their chondrogenic differentiation. Herein, based on our long-term and fruitful research on silk fibroin (SF) porous scaffolds, a cell-free sequential drug delivery SF scaffold was developed. BMSCs affinity peptide PFSSTKT (PFS) was coated on the surface of SF scaffold, in which chondrogenic inducer kartogenin (KGN) and anti-inflammatory factor dexamethasone (DEX) were loaded. PFS was rapidly released within the first 10 days while KGN and DEX could be released over 28 days. The scaffold promoted BMSCs migration and chondrogenic differentiation through the release of PFS and KGN <em>in vitro</em>. Finally, the sequential drug released by the implanted SF scaffolds in rats indeed recruited endogenous BMSCs and significantly promoted the <em>in-situ</em> regeneration of their knee cartilage defects. In summary, this study not only introduces a green and environmentally friendly all silk-based sequential drug delivery system, but also provides an effective tissue engineering functional scaffold for <em>in-situ</em> cartilage regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8762,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive Materials","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 255-270"},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering a stem cell-embedded bilayer hydrogel with biomimetic collagen mineralization for tendon-bone interface healing","authors":"Tingyun Lei ,&nbsp;Tao Zhang ,&nbsp;Tianshun Fang ,&nbsp;Jie Han ,&nbsp;Chunyi Gu ,&nbsp;Youguo Liao ,&nbsp;Yang Fei ,&nbsp;Junchao Luo ,&nbsp;Huanhuan Liu ,&nbsp;Yan Wu ,&nbsp;Weiliang Shen ,&nbsp;Xiao Chen ,&nbsp;Zi Yin ,&nbsp;Junjuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tendon-bone interface effectively transfers mechanical stress for movement, yet its regeneration presents significant clinical challenges due to its hierarchical structure and composition. Biomimetic strategies that replicate the distinctive characteristics have demonstrated potential for enhancing the healing process. However, there remains a challenge in developing a composite that replicates the nanostructure of the tendon-bone interface and embeds living cells. Here, we engineered a nanoscale biomimetic bilayer hydrogel embedded with tendon stem cells for tendon-bone interface healing. Specifically, the biomimetic hydrogel incorporates intra- and extrafibrillar mineralized collagen fibrils as well as non-mineralized collagen fibrils resembling the tendon-bone interface at the nanoscale. Furthermore, biomimetic mineralization with the presence of cells realizes living tendon-bone-like tissue constructs. In the <em>in vivo</em> patella-patellar tendon-interface injury model, the tendon stem cell-laden biomimetic hydrogel promoted tendon-bone interface regeneration, demonstrated by increased fibrocartilage formation, improved motor function, and enhanced biomechanical outcomes. This study highlights the potential of the stem cell-laden biomimetic hydrogel as an effective strategy for tendon-bone interface regeneration, offering a novel approach to engineering complex tissue interfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8762,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive Materials","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 207-217"},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in locally administered nucleic acid therapeutics","authors":"Jie Shen ,&nbsp;Xusheng Duan ,&nbsp;Ting Xie ,&nbsp;Xinrui Zhang ,&nbsp;Yue Cai ,&nbsp;Junhao Pan ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuanrong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.02.043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.02.043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nucleic acid drugs represent the latest generation of precision therapeutics, holding significant promise for the treatment of a wide range of intractable diseases. Delivery technology is crucial for the clinical application of nucleic acid drugs. However, extrahepatic delivery of nucleic acid drugs remains a significant challenge. Systemic administration often fails to achieve sufficient drug enrichment in target tissues. Localized administration has emerged as the predominant approach to facilitate extrahepatic delivery. While localized administration can significantly enhance drug accumulation at the injection sites, nucleic acid drugs still face biological barriers in reaching the target lesions. This review focuses on non-viral nucleic acid drug delivery techniques utilized in local administration for the treatment of extrahepatic diseases. First, the classification of nucleic acid drugs is described. Second, the current major non-viral delivery technologies for nucleic acid drugs are discussed. Third, the bio-barriers, administration approaches, and recent research advances in the local delivery of nucleic acid drugs for treating lung, brain, eye, skin, joint, and heart-related diseases are highlighted. Finally, the challenges associated with the localized therapeutic application of nucleic acid drugs are addressed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8762,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive Materials","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 218-254"},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A self-accelerating ‘copper bomb’ strategy activated innate and adaptive immune response against triple-negative breast cancer","authors":"Xinzhi Xu ,&nbsp;Hang Zhou ,&nbsp;Ruixia Hong ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Gong ,&nbsp;Yujie Wan ,&nbsp;Qihuan Fu ,&nbsp;Kaifeng Huang ,&nbsp;Ying Li ,&nbsp;Na Wang ,&nbsp;Peng Zhao ,&nbsp;Kaiyong Cai ,&nbsp;Fang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.02.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.02.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) presents therapeutic challenges due to its aggressive, drug-resistance, and low immunological reactivity. Cuproptosis, an emerging therapeutic modality, is a promising strategic intervention for treating TNBC. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of cuproptosis is compromised by tumor adaptations, including the Warburg effect, increased intracellular glutathione (GSH), and copper efflux, thus breaking the barrier of cuproptosis is the basis for developing cuproptosis-based clinical therapies. Herein, a self-accelerating strategy utilizing a pH-responsive copper framework encapsulating glucose oxidase (GOx), modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and tumor-penetrating peptide (tLyp1) has been developed. Upon reaching the acidic tumor microenvironment, the released GOx increases intracellular acidity and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The elevated intracellular GSH and H₂O₂ serve as “fuel” to amplify the copper-based catalytic within tumor cells. Concurrently, the reduction of copper efflux proteins (ATP7B) and the depletion of GSH lead to copper overload in tumor cells, leading to cuproptosis via copper overload, mitochondrial disruption, and Fe-S protein instability. This constellation of interrelated events constitutes a potent “Copper Bomb,” which concurrently triggers the immune system and effectively kills the tumor. It robustly engages innate and adaptive immunity via the release of mitochondrial DNA, facilitating the cGAS-STING pathway and precipitating immunogenic cell death. This process reverses the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, eliminates tumor cells, and suppresses metastasis, thus offering a novel therapeutic modality for the comprehensive treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8762,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive Materials","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 193-206"},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering functional electroconductive hydrogels for targeted therapy in myocardial infarction repair","authors":"Qianqian Lv ,&nbsp;Dandan Zhou ,&nbsp;Yutong He ,&nbsp;Tao Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaozhong Qiu ,&nbsp;Junwei Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by a paucity of cardiomyocyte regeneration, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Contemporary therapeutic modalities, while mitigating ischemic effects, fail to reconstitute the impaired electromechanical coupling within the infracted myocardium. Emerging evidence supports the utility of electroconductive hydrogels (ECHs) in facilitating post-MI cardiac function recovery by restoring the conductive microenvironment of the infarcted tissue. This comprehensive review delineates the taxonomy of ECHs predicated on their constituent conductive materials. It also encapsulates prevailing research trends in ECH-mediated MI repair, encompassing innovative design paradigms and microenvironment-sensitive strategies. The review also provides a critical appraisal of various implantation techniques, underscored by a thorough examination of the attendant considerations. It elucidates the mechanistic underpinnings by which hydrogels exert salutary effects on myocardial repair, namely by augmenting mechanical and electrical integrity, exerting anti-inflammatory actions, fostering angiogenesis, and curtailing adverse remodeling processes. Furthermore, the review engages with the pressing challenge of optimizing ECH functionality to achieve superior reparative outcomes post-MI. The discourse concludes with an anticipatory perspective on the evolution of ECH scaffolds, advocating for a tailored approach that integrates multifaceted physicochemical properties to cater to the nuances of personalized medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8762,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive Materials","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 172-192"},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}