Science China Materials最新文献

{"title":"Acid-base pairs engineering enables ultra-selective lithium-magnesium separation via sulfonated polybenzimidazole membranes","authors":"Dong Huang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xiaohui Ge \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Qian Chen \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Simian Fei \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Qiuhua Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Liang Ge \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Tongwen Xu \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3591-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3591-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Development of high-performance ion-selective membranes is crucial for achieving efficient ion separation in water treatment and energy storage applications. In this study, we demonstrate the strategic incorporation of acid-base pairs within a polybenzimidazole matrix through controlled sulfonation. By leveraging these intermolecular interactions, we enhance the Li⁺/Mg²⁺ selectivity of the membrane. At an optimal sulfonation degree, the SP45 membrane forms a cross-linked structure, featuring contracted ionic clusters and discrete hydrophilic domains with limited interconnectivity. This unique microstructure imposes significantly higher energy barriers for the transmembrane transport of Mg²⁺, thereby endowing the SP45 membrane with exceptional perm-selectivity of 48.1 at a current density of 2 mA cm⁻². Cycling stability tests reveal that the Li⁺/Mg²⁺ selectivity degradation remains below 10% across multiple cycles in diverse mixed-salt systems. In practical brine ion distillation tests, we achieved a separation factor of exceeding 60,000 between Li⁺ and Mg²⁺ utilizing a 4-stage ion-distillation device equipped with the prepared SP45 membranes. This work provides fundamental insights into ion transport regulation through molecular-level acid-base pairs engineering, opening new avenues for advanced ion-selective separation membranes.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 9","pages":"3359 - 3367"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144924452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photopatternable gel electrolytes for stretchable solid-state organic electrochemical transistors","authors":"Liqun Tang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xue Zheng \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Mingyuan Sun \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xiaochen Ren \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Wei Huang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Long Ye \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Chuanfei Guo \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yi-Xuan Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Wenping Hu \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3429-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3429-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), functioning as transduction amplifiers, demonstrate considerable potential for integration into biosensors and wearable technologies. However, conventional OECTs demonstrate limited stability in conformal sensing on biointerfaces, primarily due to their poor ductility and liquid-electrolyte-gated operation mechanisms. A double-network-based stretchable gel electrolyte is presented, simultaneously integrating exceptional mechanical compliance and high ionic conductivity. OECT arrays, gated through photopatterned gel electrolytes, demonstrate high uniformity in electrical performance. Besides, the solid-state devices show remarkable electrical stability when subjected to 50% strain, thus facilitating continuous electrocardiogram monitoring under mechanical deformation. This validates its application potential in ambulatory healthcare systems requiring long-term biosensing.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 9","pages":"3212 - 3218"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144924447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-atom zinc controlled-release catalysts for efficient vulcanization of rubber","authors":"Qi Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Ge Yu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xiaoping Gao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Peng Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Ze Lin \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Ruilong Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yuen Wu \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3472-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3472-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reducing the amount of zinc oxide (ZnO) is a continuous pursuit of the rubber industry because of the high cost and environmental pollution of Zn. However, reducing the amount of ZnO will inevitably lead to a decrease in the crosslinking density and the loss of mechanical properties of rubber; thus, this remains a huge challenge. Herein, we prepared Zn single-atoms supported on graphene oxide (Zn SAs@GO) as controlled-release catalysts for effective rubber vulcanization, which can improve the crosslinking density and mechanical properties of rubber by reducing Zn dosage compared to commercial ZnO by 82.5%. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis reveals that Zn–O bond is 2.03 Å in Zn SAs@GO, which possesses moderate Zn–O binding energy. Thus Zn²⁺ ions can be controlled-release and participate in the vulcanization reaction with higher activity. Moreover, due to the homogeneous dispersion of Zn atoms in Zn SAs@GO, zinc catalysts were fully utilized during the vulcanization process, resulting in a 6.6% increase in crosslinking density of the prepared vulcanized rubber compared to that of commercial ZnO. This work contributes to the development of large-scale preparation for SACs and potentially pave the way for their applications in industrial rubber manufacture.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 10","pages":"3638 - 3645"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144924441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of hydrogen evolution reaction and dendrite growth by multifunctional additive for Zn-ion batteries","authors":"Zihao Yin \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xiaoying Yan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yingjie Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zepeng Gao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhengyu Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhenbo Qin \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jinfeng Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhong Wu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Wenbin Hu \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3532-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3532-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are considered a promising candidate for replacing lithium-ion batteries in electrochemical energy storage applications. However, the commercial application of ZIBs is severely hindered due to dendritic growth, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of Zn anodes, leading to low Coulombic efficiency (CE), short cycle life, and reduced capacity. Herein, a cationic surfactant of polyquaternium-7 (PQ-7) is employed as a multifunctional electrolyte additive to address the issues. Combining experimental measurements and theoretical calculations, it can be found that PQ-7 is adsorbed at the initial tip position on Zn anodes to shield H₂O molecules, thus inhibiting HER. Such competitive adsorption behavior with Zn²⁺ could also mitigate the tip effect to promote uniform deposition instead of Zn dendrite during cycling. Due to the introduction of PQ-7, symmetric Zn∥Zn cells deliver ultrahigh cycling stability over 2117 h (5 mA cm⁻², 1 mAh cm⁻²). Meanwhile, the Zn∥Ti cell demonstrates a CE over 98% after 240 cycles. Furthermore, Zn∥MnO₂ batteries could afford a high-capacity retention of 92.1% after 1000 cycles at 1 C. Even at 5 C, the batteries could still retain 80% capacity after 1000 cycles.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 9","pages":"3288 - 3294"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144924432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inducing B-site distortion in Gd3Sc1.5In0.5Ga3O12 garnet to accommodate Cr3+ ions: achieving high quantum efficiency and thermally stable broadband NIR phosphors for NIR spectroscopy applications","authors":"Di Qian \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yahong Jin \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Haoyi Wu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yihua Hu \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3469-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3469-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Broadband near-infrared (NIR) phosphors are crucial for assembling portable NIR light sources. However, developing efficient and thermally stable broadband NIR phosphors remains challenging. Here, a novel Cr³⁺-doped garnet phosphor, Gd₃Sc_1.5In_0.5Ga₃O₁₂:Cr³⁺, is developed by modulating the six-coordinate polyhedral structure. Under 460 nm blue light excitation, it exhibits broadband NIR emission centered at 775 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) exceeding 135 nm, which is attributed to the increased distortion of the B-sites via cation substitution. Specifically, substituting Sc³⁺ with In³⁺ in the designed samples reduces the local site symmetry, overcomes the parity selection rule, and results in greater oscillator strength for electronic transitions, thereby improving optical properties. This leads to an impressive internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 98.29%, along with excellent thermal stability performance (<i>I</i>_{423 K} = 85.50%), which is conducive to practical applications in NIR light sources. The NIR phosphor-converted light-emitting diode (pc-LED) fabricated with the optimized phosphor and a 460 nm blue LED chip demonstrates an outstanding NIR power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.75% at 30 mA and an NIR output power of 276.01 mW at 1200 mA. Potential applications in night vision, non-invasive imaging, and non-destructive testing are explored. These results highlight the enhancement of phosphor performance through cation substitution strategies, achieving a balance between QE and thermal stability. These findings are expected to promote the development of NIR pc-LEDs as high-performance light sources for miniaturized NIR spectrometers.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 10","pages":"3582 - 3590"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144924446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadband-absorbing structurally distorted cocrystal with enhanced nonradiative decay for solar interfacial water evaporation","authors":"Yi Su \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zefei Zheng \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Lingjie Sun \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Wenzhe Sun \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yongqi Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Huapeng Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Chenfei Yang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Shouzhen Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Miaoyu Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xing Chen \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Shuaishuai Ding \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Fangxu Yang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xiaotao Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3563-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3563-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organic cocrystals have become increasingly prevalent in a variety of research domains, owing to the simple preparation, cost-effectiveness, and highly tunable properties. Particularly, the strong charge transfer (CT) interactions in cocrystals render them promising candidates for high-efficiency photothermal conversion materials. However, the majority of reported organic photothermal cocrystals exhibit planar and rigid π-conjugated structures, which restrict molecular vibrations while simultaneously impeding non-radiative dissipation processes—ultimately hindering the enhancement of photothermal conversion performance. Herein, we design a novel non-planar photothermal NMTQ cocrystal, which shows a broadband absorption range of 220–2000 nm and high photothermal conversion efficiencies from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR)-II region. Quantum chemical calculations have been utilized to demonstrate that the distorted butterfly-like conformation in NMTQ is conducive to non-radiative transitions via higher non-adiabatic couplings (NACs) and lower spatial overlap integral (<i>S</i>_r). An interfacial solar evaporation system was constructed using NMTQ cocrystals, achieving an evaporation rate of 2.158 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ with 94.96% solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency under 1 Sun irradiation. The photothermal platform demonstrated simultaneous contaminant removal functionality, establishing a sustainable strategy for clean water production through rational photothermal material design.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 9","pages":"3203 - 3211"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144924426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface octahedra isolation treatment enables silicon-rivaling outdoor stability in industrial-scale perovskite solar modules","authors":"Junyi Jiang, Xiuwen Xu","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3554-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-025-3554-7","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144924455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(NiZnMg)MoN with optimized d-band center enables industrial-level hydrogen production","authors":"Xunlu Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Huashuai Hu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Minghui Yang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;J. Paul Attfield","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3462-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3462-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts based on earth-abundant elements is critical for advancing sustainable energy technologies. However, existing catalysts suffer from suboptimal Gibbs free energy for hydrogen adsorption (Δ<i>G</i>_H*), resulting in significantly lower catalytic performance compared to platinum-based catalysts. In this study, a novel electronegativity modulation strategy was applied to enhance catalytic activity. Inspired by the d-band center (<i>E</i>_d) theory, Zn and Mg were introduced into the catalyst system to regulate the electronic structure. The electronegativity difference induced strong local electronic interactions, which effectively tuned the d-band center of Ni active sites and optimized Δ<i>G</i>_H*. As a result, the (NiZnMg)MoN catalyst exhibited outstanding HER performance with an overpotential of only 138 mV at 300 mA cm⁻², surpassing commercial Pt/C catalysts. This study provides valuable insights into designing efficient doped electrocatalysts based on d-band tuning and electronegativity engineering. The findings offer a promising strategy to overcome performance limitations in HER electrocatalysis and accelerate the practical application of alkaline hydrogen production in sustainable energy systems.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 10","pages":"3618 - 3625"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40843-025-3462-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144924434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of TiB2 particles on the thermal deformation and recrystallization behaviour of Al-Cu-Mg alloys","authors":"Qifei Mao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Min Hu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jiahao Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Chong Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jinfeng Nie \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zongning Chen \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yongchang Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3461-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3461-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To reveal the influence of TiB₂ particles on the thermal deformation behavior of Al-Cu-Mg alloys, thermal compression experiments were conducted in the temperature range of 340 to 500 °C, the strain rate range of 0.01 to 10 s⁻¹. Arrhenius-type constitutive equations were formulated to characterize the flow behavior of the alloys, and the microstructures of the deformed alloys were analyzed. The results indicate that TiB₂ particles markedly refine the grains of Al-Cu-Mg alloys from 117 to 35 µm (0.1 wt% TiB₂) and 29 µm (1 wt% TiB₂). Both the reduction of grain size and the presence of TiB₂ particles contribute to an increased flow stress during thermal deformation. And the grain refinement induced by the addition of TiB₂ particles enhances dynamic recrystallization processes. The excess TiB₂ particles (1 wt% TiB₂) further stimulate dynamic recrystallization via the particle-stimulated nucleation mechanism. Moreover, the addition of TiB₂ particles effectively suppresses the coarsening of recrystallized grains in Al-Cu-Mg alloys following thermal deformation.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 9","pages":"3332 - 3343"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144924445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A strongly coupled Pt-W2N heterostructure embedded in porous carbon nanoflowers for seawater electrolysis","authors":"Zhiyuan Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Lulu Chen \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Sixuan Huang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Meiqi Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Qiming Ye \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yichao Huang \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3454-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3454-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Constructing heterostructures with favorable catalytic activities is crucial for improving the seawater electrolysis. Herein, we report a strongly coupled Pt-W₂N heterostructure embedded within porous conductive carbon nanoflowers (Pt-W₂N@C) as a highly efficient and durable cathode electrocatalyst for seawater electrolysis. Through <i>in situ</i> Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical analysis, we elucidate that the Pt-W₂N@C system leverages synergistic electronic interactions at the heterointerface to concurrently optimize the adsorption of H* and OH* intermediates while enhancing water dissociation kinetics. The optimized Pt-W₂N@C catalyst exhibits superior hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance across acidic, neutral, and alkaline electrolytes, achieving overpotentials of 1.2, 7, and 32.2 mV, respectively, at 10 mA cm⁻², significantly outperforming commercial 20 wt% Pt/C benchmarks. Notably, the Pt-W₂N@C catalyst exhibits exceptional performance in alkaline seawater electrolysis, achieving ultra-low HER overpotential (163.8 mV at 700 mA cm⁻²) alongside superior chloride tolerance and HER performance under 0.5–2.5 M NaCl. Remarkably, in a practical seawater electrolyzer (Pt-W₂N@C∥ NiFe-layered double hydroxide (LDH)), it requires only 1.992 V to drive 500 mA cm⁻² while maintaining 95.8% activity retention over 80 h of continuous operation. These findings highlight the advantages of heterostructures and their cooperative effects in designing next-generation electrocatalysts for practical seawater electrolysis.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 10","pages":"3626 - 3637"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144924428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}