Science China Materials最新文献

{"title":"Ammonia-resistant Pt-based HOR catalyst with Fe/Y co-regulation for high-efficiency hydrogen purification enabled by machine learning","authors":"Yanshen Zhao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xiaoqing Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Rui Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Fanglin Wu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Wenjing Duan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Hao Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Haolin Tang \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3399-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3399-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of efficient electrocatalysts with enhanced ammonia tolerance is crucial for the implementation of hydrogen electrochemical hydrogen pump (EHP). In this study, machine learning and Shapley Additive Explanations were utilized to identify two transition metals, Fe and Y, with potential for ammonia tolerance. Subsequently, by employing these two transition metals with distinctive ability to modulate electronic properties, we modulated the electronic properties of platinum. During this process, Fe, with its special promotion effect, facilitated the formation of the PtY alloy instead of stable oxide phase of Y. This modification significantly reduced ammonia adsorption, enhanced resistance to ammonia poisoning, and simultaneously enhanced the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) activity. Electrocatalysts employing dual transition metal modulation (FeY-Pt-C, 20% Pt) exhibited a mass activity of 1071 mA mg_Pt⁻¹, which is 2.23-fold greater than the Pt-C (20% Pt) catalyst. Remarkably, even under the influence of 5000 ppm NH₃, FeY-Pt-C retained 93.1% of its initial electrocatalytic activity, demonstrating excellent resistance to ammonia poisoning. Therefore, this investigation provides valuable insights into the application of HOR catalysts in EHP, particularly in enhancing ammonia tolerance and facilitating pure hydrogen production from ammonia cracking.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 7","pages":"2397 - 2407"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lanthanide-doped fluoride core@dual-shells nanoparticles for multi-mode temperature and molecular sensing","authors":"Zouyun Jiang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yubin Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Fei E. \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Su Zhou \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jingtao Zhao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Deyang Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Shiqing Xu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Lei Lei \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3409-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3409-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multimodal luminescent materials have garnered significant attention due to their potential applications in multiplexed biosensing, multi-mode temperature sensing, and multidimensional displays. However, achieving high-performance simultaneous multimodal luminescence and multifunctionality remains a considerable challenge. In this work, NaNd_0.7Gd_0.3F₄:Yb@NaYF₄:Yb/Er@NaGdF₄:Yb/Tm core@shell@shell upconversion (UC) nanoparticles (NPs) were developed to address this challenge. These UCNPs enable simultaneous multi-mode temperature and organic sensing with enhanced sensitivity. By utilizing temperature-dependent intensity ratio variations of <i>I</i>₅₂₀/<i>I</i>₅₅₀, <i>I</i>₆₉₇/<i>I</i>₆₅₀, and <i>I</i>₆₉₇/<i>I</i>₄₇₅, multi-mode temperature sensing was achieved. The core@shell@shell UCNPs demonstrated a remarkable maximum relative sensitivity of 2.27%/K, which is higher than many previously reported lanthanide-doped UC systems. Moreover, these UCNPs were effectively applied for multi-channel molecular detection under both 980 and 808 nm excitation. The detection limits for methyl orange (MO) and rhodamine B (RhB) dye molecules were as low as 0.48 and 0.57 µg/mL, respectively, further demonstrating their superior performance compared to most other lanthanide-doped UC systems reported in the literature. The results emphasize the high potential of these core@shell@shell UCNPs for advanced multimodal sensing applications, offering promising solutions for areas such as environmental monitoring, biomedical diagnostics, and multi-channel molecular analysis.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 7","pages":"2317 - 2326"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reversible laser-printing perovskite quantum dots in glass via lanthanide doping","authors":"Han Xiao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhehong Zhou \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Hanqiao Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Bin Zhuang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Tao Pang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Lingwei Zeng \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jidong Lin \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Ruidan Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Daqin Chen \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3414-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3414-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Femtosecond laser (fs) irradiation is an effective way to print perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) in robust glass. Nevertheless, the laser writing-erasing-recovery process of PeQDs is highly dependent on the glass network structure, which is far from being well understood. In this work, we demonstrate that the lanthanide oxides (Ln₂O₃, Ln=La, Gd and Lu) in borosilicate glass enable to modulate the connectivity of the silicon-oxygen network and control <i>in situ</i> formation of CsPbBr₃ PeQDs induced by fs laser. Importantly, PeQDs can be erased in specific regions through subsequent laser irradiation only when doped with an optimal concentration of Ln₂O₃, which facilitates a looser network structure and reduces the crystallization barrier for ion migration. Subsequently, the degraded perovskite material can autonomously regenerate due to the water molecule invasion. The recovery time shows significant variation determined by the type and concentration of lanthanide ions. This reversible luminescence can be cycled multiple times while maintaining stable luminescence properties, providing a foundation for the development of innovative encryption methods in safeguarding information and anti-counterfeiting.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 7","pages":"2281 - 2287"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Realizing high thermoelectric performance in copper sulfide via intermediate doping","authors":"Tian-Yu Yang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Chong-Yu Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xi Yan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yi-Ming Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xing Yang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Wei-Hui Zhou \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yi-Xin Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhen-Hua Ge \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jing Feng \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3423-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3423-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to its low cost, eco-friendliness, and excellent thermoelectric (TE) performance, copper sulfide (Cu_2−<i>x</i>S) has emerged as a promising TE material. Nevertheless, the trade-off between enhanced electrical conductivity and suppressed thermal conductivity is a critical challenge. This study systematically investigated an intermediate doping approach through the strategic incorporation of copper alloys (bronze, cupronickel, and brass) to optimize the TE performance of Cu_1.8S. The proposed strategy realized partial copper source replacement and solved the problem of excessive Cu vacancy in Cu_1.8S. Comprehensive characterization demonstrated that compared to conventional direct elemental doping, the intermediate doping with Zn, Sn, Pb, and Ni elements achieved superior TE performance. Additionally, this improvement was from dual synergistic mechanisms: the increased solubility limits facilitating optimized carrier concentration, and the <i>in situ</i> formation of the nanoscale second phase effectively scattered phonons. Ultimately, the Cu_1.8S + 5 wt.% bronze + 3 wt.% cupronickel + 2 wt.% brass sample reached a remarkable <i>ZT</i> value of 1.7 at 673 K, which was a 247% enhancement over pristine Cu_1.8S and surpassed all previously reported <i>ZT</i> values for the Cu_1.8S system. This study established a novel paradigm of intermediate doping in optimizing the TE properties, providing a new perspective for other alloy-based TE systems.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 7","pages":"2497 - 2506"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ag/Pt co-modified FeCoNiOx spinel oxides enhancing interface water dissociation to boost selective ethanol electrooxidation to acetate","authors":"Chunqi Yang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Rui Yang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yue Fan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Dantong Du \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yuxuan Dong \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yifan Hu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Kaiyue Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Lingli Luo \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yuhang Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Chunzhong Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3411-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3411-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrochemical catalysis offers a promising approach for biomass valorization, enabling the production of value-added chemicals. Acetate (CH₃COOH), regarded as a fundamental and versatile chemical, holds significant marker potential. The electrooxidation of ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH) can generate valuable acetate while coupling with the cathodic reaction to produce green hydrogen, thus enhancing the electron efficiency and atom economy of the entire system. However, most electrocatalysts typically operate at low current densities and suffer from poor stability, which are unsuitable for industrial-scale applications. Therefore, we have designed and synthesized the FeCoNiO_<i>x</i> spinel oxides complexed with Pt and Ag (FeCoNiO_<i>x</i>-PtAg). The FeCoNiO_<i>x</i>-PtAg catalyst can achieve the maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 98.1% under 100 mA cm⁻², the maximum partial current density of 291.2 mA cm⁻² and superior stability over 100 h. Besides, we have also conducted <i>in-situ</i> attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy to study the reaction pathway, which can demonstrate the regulation of water dissociation for moderate *OH generation and inhibit the *OH to *O through compounding of Pt and Ag. Furthermore, technoeconomic analysis confirms that this paired system is a cost-effective and low-carbon route for the production of acetate and green hydrogen.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 7","pages":"2375 - 2380"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground-state search and modification effects of lanthanide substitution in LiNiO2: a first-principles study","authors":"Guangyin Wu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Fangchao Rong \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Ruiqi Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jiaxin Zheng \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yaokun Ye \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3388-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3388-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>LiNiO₂ (LNO) is a highly promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, but its performance is consistently limited by various stability issues. Lanthanide elements (Ln) possess all the necessary characteristics to serve as excellent dopants for modifying LNO. Experimental studies have demonstrated that Ln doping can effectively enhance the performance of high-nickel materials. However, the convergence issues in computational studies of systems containing Ln remain a significant challenge in the field, leading to a scarcity of computational research on LNO+Ln systems. In practical calculations, LNO+Ln models exhibit poor convergence and unstable convergence energies. We attribute this to the strong Coulomb interactions of the 4f electrons in Ln ions, which significantly affect the system’s energy, combined with their diverse electronic configurations that tend to produce multiple metastable states, resulting in a complex energy landscape. In our tests, we found a correlation between the specific values of the 4f electron magnetic moments of Ln ions and the convergence energy. The setting of the magnetic moment convergence parameters directly influences the model’s convergence quality and the energy of the converged state. Based on this, we developed a ground-state search method using the 4f electron magnetic moment values as a feature in the cutoff energy convergence plot. This method enables rapid and accurate calculations of LNO+Ln systems, significantly reducing computational resource consumption. Finally, we obtained the crystal and electronic structures of the ground state for the LNO+Ln(La-Gd) systems and calculated the Li/Ni disordering formation energy and oxygen vacancy formation energy. We discussed the results and analyzed the underlying mechanisms, revealing that the LNO+Ce model exhibits the feature of the most stable structure, the highest Li/Ni disordering formation energy, and the highest oxygen vacancy formation energy, making it a highly promising doping modification scheme for LNO. These findings are fully consistent with experimental conclusions on Ce-doped high-nickel materials. Our computational approach makes it possible to conduct purely computational studies on Ln-doped layered material systems, paving the way for further in-depth research in multiple directions. This work provides a reference for experimental studies on LNO+Ln systems, offers a solution to the computational challenges of lanthanide-doped systems, and holds significant importance for advancing the application of lanthanide elements in layered cathode materials.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 7","pages":"2536 - 2544"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular-level biomass composition and crosslinking regulation towards hard carbon with high initial Coulombic efficiency for sodium-ion battery","authors":"Yandong Xie \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Sishi Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Shiyin Xie \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yulong Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Ziqiang Fan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yuecong Chen \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jian Zhu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Qingyun Dou \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xingbin Yan \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3419-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3419-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although hard carbon (HC) is currently considered to be the pioneering anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), its low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) results in excessive sodium consumption at the cathode in full cells, thereby significantly limiting its practical application in SIBs. Organic small molecule-assisted biomass co-thermal crosslinking is an effective strategy. Herein, through modulating the composition ratios among lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in the raw bamboo, and then leveraging an organic small molecule (maleic anhydride, MA)-assisted thermal-crosslinking, the multiple structural features including carbon layer orientation, graphite-like domain size and closed pore structure can be precisely controlled in the HC product. The regulation of precursor components promotes the formation of sp² hybridized structure within the carbon skeleton, leading to the generation of larger graphite-like microcrystalline domains. Meanwhile, the crosslinking induced by MA facilitates the development of closed pores during the final high-temperature carbonization. Consequently, the resulting HC material (HC-BO-MA) exhibits an impressive ICE of 93.9% coupled with a high reversible specific capacity of 324 mAh g⁻¹ (at 20 mA g⁻¹). This work provides valuable insights for the rational design of high-performance biomass-derived HC anodes for SIBs.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 7","pages":"2408 - 2418"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All solution-processed organic field-effect transistors with low contact resistance via interface engineering for high-performance flexible circuits","authors":"Miao Wu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Cuili Chen \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Fengmian Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Shen Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Hongyang Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jie Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;YongAn Huang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Shenghan Gao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Dacheng Wei \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Lang Jiang \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3370-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3370-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solution-processed organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are of great interest in both academia and industry because of the potential to reduce the production cost. However, the performance of these devices can be adversely affected by the interfacial incompatibility between solution- deposited electrodes and organic semiconductors in comparison with conventional methods. To address this critical challenge, we developed all-solution processed OFETs with low contact resistance by utilizing a multifunctional buffer layer inserted on different commercial p-type semiconductors. The buffer layer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is designed to effectively reduce the large Schottky barriers at the Ag/semiconductor interfaces. PEDOT:PSS also offers the function of proper affinity with Ag, resulting in the formation of hybrid PEDOT:PSS/Ag electrode patterns. High-performance poly[2,5-bis(alkyl) pyrrolo[3,4-<i>c</i>]pyrrole-1,4(2<i>H</i>,5<i>H</i>)-dione-<i>alt</i>-5,5′-di(thiophen-2-yl)-2,2′-(<i>E</i>)-2-(2-(thiophen-2-yl)vinyl) thiophene] (PDVT-10) OFET including low contact resistance of 789 Ω cm, high average mobility of 10.5 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹, exceptional operational and bending stability, and a substantial enhancement in performance were realized compared to conventional methods. A pseudo-complementary inverter based on the fully solution- based and buffer layer approach was further developed, showing a voltage gain &gt;260. Our approach can potentially overcome the device performance limitation and advance the development of low-cost, large-scale, flexible all-solution-processed OFETs.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 7","pages":"2246 - 2255"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-dimensionally confined Ir/WOx heterointerfaces boost the acidic oxygen evolution reaction for ampere-level stable PEM water electrolysis","authors":"Junlin Cai \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Hongpu Huang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Weizhen Chen \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yuhang Peng \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Luhong Fu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Shupeng Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhongyuan Zou \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhichao Fu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xiaohong Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhaoxiong Xie \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Shuifen Xie \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3398-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3398-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Iridium (Ir)-based materials are the only commercializable class of anode electrocatalysts for acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE). Intending to large-scale implement of PEMWE, it is urgent to improve their OER performances for reducing the usage of high-cost Ir element. Herein, we report an elaborate synthesis of ultrathin Ir/WO_<i>x</i> hybrid nanosheets equipped with abundant 2D-confined heterointerfaces (denoted as Ir/WO_<i>x</i> NSs), which are composed of ultrathin Ir nanograins embedded in amorphous WO_<i>x</i> matrix, to substantially enhance the acidic OER. The Ir/WO_<i>x</i> NSs achieve a notable mass activity of 2.34 A mg_Ir⁻¹ at an overpotential of 300 mV, which is approximately 11.1 and 9.8 times higher than those of Ir NSs and commercial Ir/C, respectively. The 2D-confined interactions between crystalline Ir nanograins and amorphous WO_<i>x</i> matrix establish synergistic bifunctional sites and efficient charge transfer interfaces, which effectively accelerate the initial hydrolysis dissociation step. Moreover, on interfacial Ir atoms, the adsorption of *O and subsequent formation of *OOH intermediates are thermodynamically facilitated, making the OER process more favorable through the adsorbate evolution mechanism. Finally, the Ir/WO_<i>x</i> NSs based PEMWE demonstrates a low cell voltage of only 1.71 V to deliver 1.0 A cm⁻² current density as well as an outstanding long-term durability, realizing efficient and stable green hydrogen production. This work highlights the engineering of 2D-confined metal-oxide interfacial electrocatalysts for efficient energy conversion applications.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 7","pages":"2388 - 2396"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of the strength and ductility of high-entropy alloy at high temperatures via multiple heterogeneous microstructure modulation","authors":"Zhuqun Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jingyu Pang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yancheng Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yitong Yang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhenqiang Xing \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Aimin Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Qing Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Hongwei Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3390-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3390-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-entropy alloys (HEAs) commonly exhibit significant strength deficiencies and intermediate temperature brittleness (ITB) in the temperature range of 650–750 °C, which greatly restricts their practical use in safety engineering. In this study, a novel coherent face-centered cubic (FCC)/L1₂ HEA with multiple heterogeneous microstructures, including grain size and L1₂ precipitates was developed. The newly designed HEA demonstrates outstanding mechanical properties across a broad temperature spectrum (25–750 °C). At ambient temperature, the HEA displays a remarkable tensile strength of up to 1700 MPa and a tensile ductility of 15.9%. Notably, the HEA exhibits an impressive yield strength of 1 GPa in the intermediate temperature range, with minimal loss of ductility under high tensile stresses. The presence of the primary L1₂ phase effectively stabilizes the grain boundaries (GBs), inhibiting crack propagation and oxygen diffusion along them. This mechanism prevents the formation of brittle phases at the GBs, thereby protecting the GBs and mitigating the issue of ITB. As a result, the HEA exhibits an intermediate temperature tensile strain surpassing 14%. The heterogeneous structural modulation strategy offers valuable insights into the tailored design of high-performance HEAs for advanced high-temperature structural applications in urgent demand.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 7","pages":"2419 - 2432"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}