Science China Materials最新文献

{"title":"Recent progress in flexible synaptic transistors: from materials, structures to applications","authors":"Ting Jiang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Deyang Ji \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3405-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3405-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flexible synaptic devices, as cutting-edge electronic components designed to emulate biological synaptic functions, facilitate parallel information processing and memory storage, thereby significantly enhancing the speed and efficiency of computational operations. Their inherent flexibility allows these devices to seamlessly integrate into a variety of complex environments and application scenarios, including wearable technology, smart skins, and biomedical sensors. Notably, three-terminal flexible synaptic transistors, which structurally resemble biological synapses, offer a more natural and precise emulation of diverse synaptic functionalities. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in the development of these transistors, marking a significant leap forward in neuromorphic electronics. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest advancements in flexible synaptic transistors, providing a systematic analysis of their operational mechanisms, material innovations, and applications in the field of neuromorphic perception systems. Furthermore, it offers insightful perspectives on the future opportunities and challenges that lie ahead for the continued evolution of flexible synaptic transistors.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 9","pages":"3019 - 3041"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal organic frameworks with surface-grafted azobenzene for energy storage","authors":"Kai Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Mengmeng Qin \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Can Chen \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Shuo Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Wei Feng \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3396-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3396-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study grafted a bulky azobenzene derivative, 4′-aminoazobenzene-4-sulfonic acid (AABS), onto the surface of ZIF-90, thereby preparing a metal-organic framework material, ZIF-90-AABS (ZIF-AABS), with photothermal conversion effects. The template-like effect on the surface of ZIF-AABS enables the reversible <i>cis-trans</i> isomerization of AABS, allowing ZIF-AABS to achieve photochemical energy storage of 5.1 J g⁻¹. Additionally, since AABS is mainly grafted on the surface of ZIF-90, ZIF-AABS retains the crystal structure of ZIF-90 and thus still can encapsulate and adsorb phase change materials (PCMs). By infiltrating the porous structure with the octadecyl alcohol (OD), a composite PCMs, OD/ZIF-AABS, was successfully developed, which effectively realizes phase change energy storage. The latent heat storage energy of OD/ZIF-AABS with maximum OD loading was 121.3 J g⁻¹, and no significant performance degradation was observed after 50 melting/solidifying cycles. This work further expands the application scope of azobenzene and promotes the development of MOFs-based composites for solar energy storage.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 9","pages":"3267 - 3276"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substituted diammonium cations impact on structure-property-stability in two-dimensional perovskites","authors":"Yixin Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Fei Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3410-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3410-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As emerging semiconductor materials, Dion-Jacobson (DJ) phase two-dimensional (2D) perovskites exhibit remarkable stability and structural diversity. However, their limited charge transport capability hinders further advancement, and the underlying carrier transport mechanisms require deeper investigation. In this work, six diammonium spacer cations and their corresponding DJ-phase 2D perovskite single crystals were rationally designed and synthesized to explore how spacer characteristics (such as heterocyclic type and amino group substitution position) affect the properties of 2D perovskites. Diammonium cations with meta-substituted amino groups tended to adopt a tilted configuration to balance the interactions between both ends of the cation and the inorganic layers. This orientation helped reduce the interlayer spacing, weakened hydrogen bonding between the cation and the inorganic framework, and lowered lattice distortion, promoting efficient carrier generation and transport. Beyond steric hindrance from branched side chains, the thermal stability of perovskites was also closely related to the nature of the heterocycle within the spacer. Diammonium cations bearing flexible aliphatic rings can buffer thermal deformation of the inorganic layers, dissipating internal thermal stress and enhancing overall thermal stability.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 9","pages":"3250 - 3257"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pt-decorated high entropy FeCoNiMnCr (Oxy) hydroxides as a bifunctional electrocatalyst towards electrochemical water splitting","authors":"Liying Han \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yongkang Dong \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Haotian Zhao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jinfeng Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jie Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Cheng Zhong \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Wenbin Hu \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3381-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3381-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing a high-efficiency and stable bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting is vitally essential. Herein, we developed the Pt-decorated FeCoNiMnCr high-entropy (Oxy) hydroxides (HEH) on the surface of Ni foam (NF) as a bifunctional catalyst through a facile two-step electrodeposition strategy at ambient temperature. The obtained Pt/FeCoNiMnCr HEH/NF exhibited three-dimensional porous structures composed of interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, favoring the large active surface area and ions/mass transport during the reaction. The Pt/FeCoNiMnCr HEH electrocatalyst displayed exceptional electrocatalytic performance, achieving a low overpotential of 306 mV at 100 mA cm⁻² for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and only 116 mV at 50 mA cm⁻² for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), respectively. The enhanced catalytic performance could be attributed to the synergistic effect of the unique ultrathin nanosheet structure of Pt/FeCoNiMnCr HEH and the electronic coupling effect between Pt nanoparticles (NPs) and FeCoNiMnCr HEH. Furthermore, the Pt-decorated FeCoNiMnCr HEH catalyst employed as both the cathode and anode toward water splitting required only 1.56 V to achieve a current density of 20 mA cm⁻² and stably operated for over 50 h. This strategy provides a novel idea for the construction of efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 9","pages":"3313 - 3321"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-room-temperature ferromagnetic 1T Nb1−xCrxTe2 from doping-induced phase transition of 1T’ NbTe2","authors":"Kunqi Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yuxuan Zhou \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Ke Yang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yutao Han \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yakun Yuan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xueyang Tu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yiyang Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xuzhou Sun \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Hui Bi \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yuqiang Fang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Hua Wu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Fuqiang Huang \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3395-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3395-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Magnetic transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit unique spintronic properties, making them highly promising for advanced spintronic devices. It is unpreparable 1T NbTe₂, rather than the stable 1T’ phase, that has been theoretically predicted to host nontrivial topology, but its thermodynamic structural instability hinders its development in spintronic applications. Heteroatom doping is effective in not only stabilizing the 1T phase but also introducing magnetism. Herein, we synthesized a series of Nb_1−<i>x</i>Cr_<i>x</i>Te₂ (<i>x</i> = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 1/3, 0.4) crystals and discovered the 1T Nb_2/3Cr_1/3Te₂ phase for the first time. Observed 1T’-to-1T structural transition occurs in NbTe₂ due to the Cr doping. Thermodynamically stable Nb_2/3Cr_1/3Te₂ is confirmed to be a 1T phase from density functional theory calculations. A notable transition from diamagnetic to ferromagnetism was found in Nb_1−<i>x</i>Cr_<i>x</i>-Te₂ with the ratio of Cr increasing. The magnetism of 1T Nb_2/3Cr_1/3Te₂ primarily originates from localized Cr 3d electrons. This crystal achieves a Curie temperature of 254 K, surpassing most Cr-based van der Waals ferromagnets. Furthermore, 1T Nb_2/3Cr_1/3Te₂ displays metallic behavior coexisting with the Kondo effect and a robust positive magnetoresistance (32.1% at 2 K, <i>μ</i>₀<i>H</i> = 9 T). This work unveils a doping-induced phase transition mechanism and provides new layered ferromagnetic materials for spintronic devices.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 7","pages":"2517 - 2525"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulating atomically precise Ru sites on amorphous chalcogenides for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction","authors":"Lanfang Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yujia Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yanqing Hao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Luyang Zuo \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jiahe Zhao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Wenjiao Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Hui Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yang Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhanwu Lei \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xiaohong Xu \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3408-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3408-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The strategic anchoring of Ru single atoms on suitable supports can profoundly modulate its electronic state, thereby enhancing its hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance. Herein, Ru single atoms and sub-1 nm Ru clusters anchored amorphous FeMoS_<i>x</i> (denoted as Ru-FMS_<i>x</i>) nanosheets were developed through a one-step hydrothermal synthesis method. The electronic structure of Ru can be effectively tuned by regulating the interfacial interaction between the sub-1 nm Ru clusters and amorphous FMS_<i>x</i>. This adjustment lowers the energy barriers for hydrogen adsorption and desorption, facilitating the generation and release of hydroxyl intermediates, thereby improving the sluggish kinetics of the HER. Thus, the Ru-FMS_<i>x</i> electrocatalyst exhibits a significantly low overpotential of 34 mV in alkaline solution at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻², demonstrating remarkable HER activity. Furthermore, this electrocatalyst shows an exceptional long-term stability, maintaining consistent operation for 200 h at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻², with a Faradaic efficiency for hydrogen production exceeding 97%. The superior performance is attributed to the unique amorphous structure and the shortened bond length of Mo-S and Fe-S within the material. This discovery provides a straightforward method for designing and applying efficient amorphous chalcogenides and single atoms catalysts.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 7","pages":"2365 - 2374"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly efficient recovery of light, medium and heavy rare earth elements using magnetic core-shell nanoparticles","authors":"Xiaohui Mao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xuyi Wei \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yongxiang Sun \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Weiting Zhan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Ying Hu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Junwei Han \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Hongbo Zeng \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3403-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3403-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The adsorption of rare earth elements (REEs) from wastewater is vital for environmental protection and resource utilization. Adsorbents with magnetic properties are easy to separate but incorporating magnetic particles can reduce adsorption capacity by decreasing the surface area or blocking active sites. Herein, an efficient magnetic adsorbent (i.e., Fe₃O₄@PDAPEI), consisting of an Fe₃O₄ core, a polydopamine (PDA) intermediate layer and a polyethylenimine (PEI) outer layer, was designed to extract Gd³⁺, Nd³⁺, Ho³⁺, and Y³⁺ from low-concentration solutions with adsorption capacities of 168.3, 168.5, 179.7, and 180.3 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption capacities exceed those of most reported magnetic REE adsorbents in the literature. The adsorption behavior could be fitted to the pseudo-second-order model, intraparticle diffusion model, and Langmuir model. Fe₃O₄@PDAPEI exhibited good reusability, with the adsorption capacity remaining above 90% of the initial value after five reuse cycles. In addition, despite the presence of competing ions (i.e., Na⁺, Mg²⁺, and Al³⁺) in model wastewater, the adsorption capacity could be maintained above 100 mg/g for all four REEs. The adsorption mechanism was investigated via density functional theory calculations, zeta potential measurements, and surface force measurements via atomic force microscopy. REEs could adsorb on Fe₃O₄@PDAPEI through binding to primary amines and electrostatic interactions. This work presents a highly efficient magnetic adsorbent and evaluates the underlying interaction mechanism from both theoretical and experimental perspectives, shedding light on facile and efficient REE recovery in various engineering processes.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 7","pages":"2459 - 2470"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semiconductive flexoelectric piezoelectric metamaterials with strong electromechanical response","authors":"Dongxia Tian \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Baoju Xia \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yagang Qi \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xiongxin Guo \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xu Yang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xinnan Shi \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Baojin Chu \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3421-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3421-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Piezoelectric materials are widely utilized in sensors, actuators, and transducers for electro-mechanical conversion. Conventional materials have limited piezoelectric response (piezoelectric coefficient <i>d</i>₃₃ &lt; 4000 pC N⁻¹), as well as a mutual restriction between properties and working temperature. Our research demonstrates that the limitation and restriction can be removed by designing piezoelectric metamaterials based on flexoelectricity. We enhance the flexoelectric response of BaTiO₃ ceramics by 25 times compared with the highest reported results via reduction sintering. The BaTiO₃ piezoelectric metamaterials exhibit a large effective <i>d</i>₃₃ &gt; 20000 pC N⁻¹ and no depoling above Curie temperature. The giant <i>μ</i>_eff is generated by spontaneously polarized surface layers and a negative capacitance amplification effect, caused by the defect inhomogeneity formed during sintering. These findings open up new possibilities for designing high-performance piezoelectric materials with extended working temperatures.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 7","pages":"2480 - 2487"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzyme-functionalized field-effect transistors based on liquid-metal-derived ultrathin SnO2 films for glucose detection","authors":"Zhiwei Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Fuhai Yu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yahua He \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yang Yang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Lei Jiang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Lun Tan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Liu Yang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Juan Xiong \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Meilin Wan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yongming Hu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Haoshuang Gu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xiaolin Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhao Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3417-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3417-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rising global incidence of diabetes necessitates the development of innovative glucose monitoring technologies to enhance patient care and disease management. Non-invasive glucose detection through sweat analysis offers continuous, painless, and user-friendly solutions. However, challenges remain regarding sensitivity and selectivity. To address this issue, we utilize ultrathin SnO₂ films, which exhibit exceptional electrical sensitivity to surface potential changes, as the active channel in back-gate field effect transistor (FET)-based glucose sensors. These ultrathin SnO₂ films are prepared by annealing atomically thin tin oxides exfoliated from liquid Sn-Bi. The hydroxyl groups on the defective surface serve as effective anchoring sites for stable glucose oxidase (GOX) immobilization. Under optimal device design, enzymatic glucose oxidation results in positive charge accumulation on the SnO₂ layers, which modulates charge carrier density and enhances channel current. This effect is amplified by the FET’s subthreshold characteristics under negative back-gate voltage, enabling rapid, highly sensitive and selective glucose sensing. The proposed FET sensor achieves an ultra-high sensitivity of 1211.11 µA cm² µM⁻¹ and demonstrates near-specific glucose detection amidst other substances in human sweat, indicating its significant potential for non-invasive, continuous glucose monitoring in practical applications.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 7","pages":"2558 - 2566"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Funnel-shaped precursor engineering for high-performance flexible perovskite photodetectors","authors":"Lulu Huang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Biao Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Qin Shuai \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Qingyu Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xin Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Ying Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Wenjiao Yuan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Huawei Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xiaoli Zhu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yiqin Chen \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Huigao Duan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Dong Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Anlian Pan \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3418-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3418-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flexible photodetector (PD) arrays have the potential to replace the rods and cones in the retina, converting external light signals into electrical signals and offering hope for blind patients to regain vision. However, issues like discontinuous electrode surfaces and incompletely crystallized perovskites can cause cracks and degrade the performance of flexible PDs during repeated bending, hindering their development and applications. In this study, we employ a combination of radio frequency magnetron sputtering and angular ion beam polishing to achieve an ultrathin, ultrasmooth platinum (Pt) electrode film (UTPF) with a thickness of less than 10 nm. Building on this, a vapor deposition method with dynamically regulated evaporation rates is developed to obtain a dense-gradient PbI₂ precursor. This funnel-shaped vertical structure precursor facilitates the penetration of CH₃NH₃I solution, ultimately resulting in a dense and uniform perovskite film with large grains and strong interfacial bonding with UTPF. The results indicate that the flexible PD arrays exhibit excellent optoelectronic performances, characterized by high sensitivity, detectivity and a large on/off current ratio. Furthermore, benefitting from their exceptional flexibility and electrical stability, the devices retain 92.53% of the original photocurrent after 4000 bending cycles at large angles. Notably, the integrated 10×10 flexible PD arrays demonstrate good uniformity in dark current and photocurrent, along with high imaging resolution, showing the reliable imaging capabilities of the flexible arrays and their potential applications in artificial retina.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 7","pages":"2308 - 2316"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}