{"title":"Strain technology of two-dimensional semiconductors for industrial electronics","authors":"Li Gao \u0000 (, ), Yuting Xu \u0000 (, ), Zhangyi Chen \u0000 (, ), Maosen Zhang \u0000 (, ), Xiankun Zhang \u0000 (, ), Zheng Zhang \u0000 (, ), Yue Zhang \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3471-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3471-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, especially transition metal dichalcogenides, are the most competitive channel materials for post-silicon electronics due to their great miniaturization potential and advantages of high performance and low power consumption. The atomically thick structural advantage of 2D semiconductors also makes their strain tolerance far greater than that of silicon, making them an ideal platform for implementing and expanding strain technology in post-silicon electronics. The strain technology of 2D semiconductors can not only improve the mobility and on-current of a single device but also be more conveniently applied to the integration of 3D gate-all-around and complementary field-effect transistors. In recent years, a series of strain technologies with different characteristics have been developed for 2D semiconductors and transistor devices, including lattice mismatch, thermal expansion coefficient mismatch, substrate-induced stress technology, and process-induced stress. At present, it is necessary to sort out the existing technical foundation and propose strain strategies for 2D semiconductors that better suit industrialization and future 3D integration to meet the needs of high-performance post-silicon electronics. This review takes the mature strained silicon technology as a benchmark, systematically reviews the current strain technology of 2D semiconductors and devices, deeply analyzes the limitations of existing technologies, and proposes the development direction of strain technology for 2D semiconductors suitable for industrial applications and future 3D integration.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 8","pages":"2623 - 2635"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zehua Wang (, ), Yongliang Hao (, ), Hongxue Li (, ), Huanyi Liang (, ), Xiaokuang Xue (, ), Tiejin Chen (, ), Yiying Wang (, ), Jian Li (, ), Jiechao Ge (, ), Pengfei Wang (, )
{"title":"Bacterial microenvironment-responsive Fe-Ce6 nanoparticles accelerate infected wound healing via in situ generation of nanozyme and photodynamic antibacterial activity","authors":"Zehua Wang \u0000 (, ), Yongliang Hao \u0000 (, ), Hongxue Li \u0000 (, ), Huanyi Liang \u0000 (, ), Xiaokuang Xue \u0000 (, ), Tiejin Chen \u0000 (, ), Yiying Wang \u0000 (, ), Jian Li \u0000 (, ), Jiechao Ge \u0000 (, ), Pengfei Wang \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3459-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3459-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacterial infection poses a significant challenge in clinical wound management. Traditional antibiotic therapies are hampered by cytotoxicity and the emergence of drug resistance. However, current photodynamic therapy (PDT) and nanozyme-based antibacterial strategies often lack microenvironment specificity, exhibiting persistent activity that risks tissue damage. To overcome these limitations, we developed bacterial microenvironment responsive Fe-Ce6 nanoparticles (NPs) for <i>in situ</i> generation of peroxidase (POD)-like activity and PDT activation to enhance antibacterial wound therapy. Under bacteria-secreted ATP stimulation, Fe-Ce6 NPs disassembled and <i>in situ</i> formed Fe-ATP complexes, while synchronously releasing the Ce6 photosensitizer. The Fe-ATP complex with POD like activity converts H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> into hydroxyl radicals (·OH), and Ce6 generates singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) under 671 nm laser irradiation, synergistically enhancing nanozyme-PDT antibacterial effects. The intracellular ATP released from lysed bacteria further amplifies this cascade, promoting the formation of Fe-ATP complex and the release of Ce6, ultimately inducing an “avalanche effect”, efficiently killing bacteria and reinforcing therapeutic action. <i>In vitro</i>, the system demonstrates remarkable antibacterial activity against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i> in simulated bacterial environments. <i>In vivo</i>, it exhibits substantial bactericidal efficacy and accelerates wound healing. This study presents the Fe-Ce6 NPs smart system activated by bacterial microenvironments via an “off-on” mechanism, enabling precise reactive oxygen species generation control, significantly reducing non-target tissue damage associated with traditional therapies, and offering a novel paradigm for developing microenvironment-responsive intelligent antibacterial systems.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 8","pages":"2962 - 2972"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chang Liu (, ), Zhaozhao Bi (, ), Ke Wang (, ), Jingming Xin (, ), Jingwei Xue (, ), Nuo Chen (, ), Linlin An (, ), Ying Chen (, ), Jiangang Liu (, ), Brian A. Collins, Long Jiang (, ), Wei Ma (, )
{"title":"Solution viscosity-governed phase separation and aggregation kinetics enable high-efficiency, eco-friendly slot-die coated organic solar cells","authors":"Chang Liu \u0000 (, ), Zhaozhao Bi \u0000 (, ), Ke Wang \u0000 (, ), Jingming Xin \u0000 (, ), Jingwei Xue \u0000 (, ), Nuo Chen \u0000 (, ), Linlin An \u0000 (, ), Ying Chen \u0000 (, ), Jiangang Liu \u0000 (, ), Brian A. Collins, Long Jiang \u0000 (, ), Wei Ma \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3439-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3439-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Slot-die coating with halogen-free solvents is a promising scalable fabrication strategy for organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the complex interplay between long-time-scale solute diffusion and microstructural evolution during the coating process remains poorly understood, limiting further optimization of morphology and device performance. In this study, we elucidate the critical role of solution viscosity in regulating phase separation and aggregation kinetics. Specifically, lower solution viscosity enhances solute diffusion, accelerating molecular aggregation while suppressing liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Notably, we observe that in three different systems with varying crystallinity and immiscibility (PM6:Y6, PTQ10:Y6, and D18:Y6), the optimal processing conditions for peak device efficiency consistently correspond to a nearly identical solution viscosity (∼0.8 mPa s), despite variations in optimal processing temperatures. <i>In situ</i> characterizations reveal that at this viscosity, all three systems exhibit constrained LLPS and rapid molecular aggregation, promoting the formation of finely structured, continuous nanoscale domains. These findings establish solution viscosity as a universal governing parameter for morphology control in printed active layers. By providing a fundamental framework for understanding viscosity-mediated phase separation, this work offers valuable insights for advancing high-throughput, environmentally friendly printing techniques for high-efficiency OSCs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 8","pages":"2799 - 2808"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immune-activating cationic lipo-polypeptides for oncolytic immunotherapy in triple negative breast cancer","authors":"Ziwen Gao \u0000 (, ), Peng Zhang \u0000 (, ), Renyong Yin \u0000 (, ), Junqi Wang \u0000 (, ), Zhihui Guo \u0000 (, ), Qi Yao \u0000 (, ), Guowenlie Gao \u0000 (, ), Xu Huang \u0000 (, ), Chunsheng Xiao \u0000 (, ), Yingchao Zhang \u0000 (, ), Xuesi Chen \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3463-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3463-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibits an exceptionally low responsiveness to immunotherapy due to its “cold” tumor immune microenvironment. It is urgent to design a rational therapy to reverse “cold” tumors into “hot” ones to improve the therapeutic effects. In this study, we developed a series of immune-activating lipo-polylysine (IAPs), designated as IAP-1 to IAP-9, that display both oncolytic and immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing activities. It is confirmed that both oncolytic activity and ICD-inducing capacity of IAPs are structure-dependent. Among them, IAP-4 exhibits the most effective oncolytic and ICD-inducing capabilities in 4T1 tumor cells. Mechanistic investigations suggest that IAP-4 can induce cancer cell necrosis through a membrane-lytic mechanism and trigger potent ICD of tumor cells through membrane lysis and mitochondrial damage. <i>In vivo</i> antitumor activity determination results indicate that IAP-4 effectively converses cold tumors to hot by inducing ICD. This process not only inhibits primary tumors but also elicits specific antitumor immune memory, leading to a significant suppression of tumor recurrence and metastasis. Briefly, this work pioneers a promising drug-free strategy for oncolytic immunotherapy.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 8","pages":"2887 - 2898"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yingying Wang (, ), Tao Pan (, ), Qing Li (, ), Huan Pang (, )
{"title":"Surface/interface engineering and the induced reconstruction of MOFs-based electrocatalysts for alkaline oxygen evolution reaction","authors":"Yingying Wang \u0000 (, ), Tao Pan \u0000 (, ), Qing Li \u0000 (, ), Huan Pang \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3400-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3400-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under alkaline conditions is a crucial anodic reaction for the electrolysis of water to produce clean hydrogen. To address the resource scarcity and poor stability of traditional noble metal catalysts (such as RuO<sub>2</sub> and IrO<sub>2</sub>), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives employ surface engineering and interface engineering to modify the electronic structure of reactive active sites, optimize the d-band center, and adjust the adsorption energy of oxygen-containing intermediates. Research has demonstrated that the true active sites for the OER rely on metal oxides/hydroxides regenerated from metal sites. This review will establish the connection between surface engineering and interface engineering strategies and the induced reconstruction of MOFs-based electrocatalysts. It will also reveal how to effectively achieve the rational design of pre-catalysts through <i>in-situ</i> characterization techniques. Additionally, performance comparisons will be provided to demonstrate the superiority of these strategies. Based on this, the challenges in the rational design of pre-catalysts for MOFs to achieve more efficient OER catalysts in the future will be proposed.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 8","pages":"2601 - 2622"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Crystalline CoFeP@amorphous NiCoP electrocatalysts with high-efficient alkaline seawater splitting performances","authors":"Shengke Tang, Ding Li, Xiang Wu, Yoshio Bando","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3427-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3427-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is essential to investigate economical and efficient catalysts for water electrolysis to develop clean energy sources. However, the sluggish kinetics and poor stability of single electrode catalyst limit their further applications in water splitting. In this work, we synthesize CoFeP@NiCoP materials consisting of a transition metal phosphide and an amorphous counterpart. The coral-like structure provides rich active sites for catalytic reaction. It delivers 356 mV at 500 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> for HER and 257 mV at 100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> for OER. The two-electrode system presents a voltage of 1.76 V at 100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. For alkaline seawater electrolysis, the sample shows a cycle life of 150 h at 50 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. This work proposes a simple strategy for designing advanced electrocatalysts for water splitting.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 8","pages":"2749 - 2755"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40843-025-3427-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hangren Li (, ), Jie Tu (, ), Jiaqi Ding (, ), Jing Xia (, ), Longyuan Shi (, ), Siyuan Du (, ), Xiuqiao Liu (, ), Xudong Liu (, ), Menglin Li (, ), Jianjun Tian (, ), Linxing Zhang (, )
{"title":"Ultrahigh remanent polarization of Ce-doped HfO2 ferroelectric thin films through strain engineering","authors":"Hangren Li \u0000 (, ), Jie Tu \u0000 (, ), Jiaqi Ding \u0000 (, ), Jing Xia \u0000 (, ), Longyuan Shi \u0000 (, ), Siyuan Du \u0000 (, ), Xiuqiao Liu \u0000 (, ), Xudong Liu \u0000 (, ), Menglin Li \u0000 (, ), Jianjun Tian \u0000 (, ), Linxing Zhang \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3456-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3456-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hafnium oxide (HfO<sub>2</sub>)-based ferroelectric materials have been widely applied in logic and memory devices due to their favorable ferroelectric and dielectric properties. However, the weak ferroelectric polarization of pure HfO<sub>2</sub> limits its application potential in advanced ferroelectric devices. Here, an ultrahigh remanent polarization is successfully achieved in the Ce-doped HfO<sub>2</sub> films through a chemical negative strain due to the biaxial strain engineering strategy. The Ce-doped HfO<sub>2</sub> films with regulated ions concentrations are fabricated on crystallographic-oriented substrates, and the effects of substrate-induced strain on the film growth were systematically investigated. Notably, the Ce-doped HfO<sub>2</sub> films grown on (011) oriented substrates exhibit an excellent remanent polarization (2<i>P</i><sub>r</sub> = 102.1 µC/cm<sup>2</sup>), representing the highest value reported for HfO<sub>2</sub>-based ferroelectrics, along with the outstanding fatigue resistance (<10% degradation after 10<sup>7</sup> switching cycles). This work provides a novel strategy for developing high-performance HfO<sub>2</sub>-based ferroelectric materials through strain engineering, laying a critical foundation for their applications in non-volatile memory technologies.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 8","pages":"2792 - 2798"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renjie Dai (, ), Zhenjun Zhang (, ), Rui Liu (, ), Jiapeng Hou (, ), Baishan Gong (, ), Zhenkai Zhao (, ), Zhenyu Liu (, ), Zongyi Ma (, ), Zhefeng Zhang (, )
{"title":"Dual-edged effect of strengthening on fatigue strength in 7xxx Al alloys","authors":"Renjie Dai \u0000 (, ), Zhenjun Zhang \u0000 (, ), Rui Liu \u0000 (, ), Jiapeng Hou \u0000 (, ), Baishan Gong \u0000 (, ), Zhenkai Zhao \u0000 (, ), Zhenyu Liu \u0000 (, ), Zongyi Ma \u0000 (, ), Zhefeng Zhang \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3466-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3466-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The relationship between tensile and fatigue properties in Al alloys remains vague because strengthening often affects the fatigue damage in many aspects. In this study, 7xxx Al alloys were strengthened solely by varying the precipitate content while keeping both the overall microstructure and damage mechanisms consistent, so as to examine the intrinsic effect of strengthening on its fatigue performance. The results show that there was an increment of 100 MPa in tensile strength, while the fatigue strength remained nearly unchanged. Further analysis indicates that the strengthening had a dual-edged effect, that is, strengthening enhanced the whole resistance to plastic deformation, while also causing the strain localization. Combining our previous models associated with the tensile and fatigue properties, a relationship between yield and fatigue strengths is established, which shows a first increasing and then declining trend in the fatigue strength with increasing the yield strength, leaving a relatively stable region in between, which explains the plateau phenomenon of fatigue strength in a middle yield strength range for the high-strength 7xxx alloys.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 8","pages":"2783 - 2791"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Engineered bacteria for cancer therapy: synergistic innovations in synthetic biology and materials science","authors":"Peng-Shuo Dong \u0000 (, ), Yi-Tong Zhou \u0000 (, ), Wei-Ling Yu \u0000 (, ), Jia-Hua Zou \u0000 (, ), Tian Yao \u0000 (, ), Jin-Xuan Fan \u0000 (, ), Di-Wei Zheng \u0000 (, ), Yuan-Di Zhao \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3438-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3438-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The unique physiological characteristics and complexity of tumor, in addition to drug resistance result in traditional therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, being unable to achieve complete elimination of cancer cells. Meanwhile, the emerging immunotherapy suffers from a low patient response rate. Bacterial therapies are highly targeted. Bacteria can penetrate deep into the tumor and show good tumor inhibition. However, natural bacteria have the limitation of high toxicity and inability to meet the demand for efficient therapeutics. Recent advances in synthetic biology and materials science relate to the safety and efficacy of bacterial therapeutics, promising to develop engineered bacteria with low toxicity and complex therapeutic functions. Engineered bacteria that express anticancer drug molecules can target the tumor region, synthesizing and releasing payloads in response to internal and external stimuli. This process leads to the regression of the tumor and the effective inhibition of recurrence. This review outlines the recent advancements in the field of engineered bacteria research, particularly focusing on their applications in anti-tumor therapy. It also includes the advantageous features and mechanisms of engineered bacteria therapy, synthetic biology modification methods, and future challenges and directions of engineered bacteria therapy.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 8","pages":"2670 - 2687"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuanfen Huang (, ), Xiaoyuan Zhang (, ), Jiajia Kong (, ), Yanqing Liu (, ), Xin Liu (, ), Dongzhi Chen (, )
{"title":"Water-unquenchable ultralong room-temperature phosphorescent CDs@SiO2 composites for information encryption and anticounterfeiting applications","authors":"Yuanfen Huang \u0000 (, ), Xiaoyuan Zhang \u0000 (, ), Jiajia Kong \u0000 (, ), Yanqing Liu \u0000 (, ), Xin Liu \u0000 (, ), Dongzhi Chen \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3450-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3450-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials play a vital role in security domain due to their unique optical properties. However, most average lifetimes of available RTP materials remain less than 1 s in aqueous-phase media, which is unfavorable to practical applications. Herein, an <i>ex-situ</i> covalent coupling strategy is proposed to fabricate liquid-phase long-lived RTP materials by combining SiO<sub>2</sub> microspheres with the feather-derived carbon dots (CDs). Astonishingly, the aqueous dispersion of the resulting CDs@SiO<sub>2</sub> microspheres exhibits a lifetime of up to 2.38 s with an absolute quantum yield of 22%. Moreover, the average lifetime of the solid CDs@SiO<sub>2</sub> is as long as 3.04 s, which is superior to that of existing RTP carbon-based materials. The striking enhancements in the RTP of the CDs@SiO<sub>2</sub> composites are mainly attributed to the immobilization of the formed Si–O–C covalent bonds and Si–O–Si rigid networks. The CDs@SiO<sub>2</sub> composites were subsequently applied in the fields of information encryption and anti-fake. Interestingly, the CDs@SiO<sub>2</sub> composites possess intriguing, reversible and stable optical properties, including water-responsive structural colors, blue fluorescence and cyan RTP, exhibiting excellent covert performance in applications of information encryption and decryption, and high-level anticounterfeiting. These findings provide not only a straightforward strategy for developing multiresponsive optical materials but also a more secure anticounterfeiting technology.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 8","pages":"2714 - 2724"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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