Science China Materials最新文献

{"title":"Manipulating large luminescent shift from red to near-infrared by pressure via charge-transfer states in COFs","authors":"Zhoukun Xiao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Ziang Song \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zirun Chen \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Huining Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jinfeng Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Kai Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Aisen Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Qian Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhen Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-026-4158-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-026-4158-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Near-infrared piezochromic materials exhibiting luminescence responses are important in many fields, such as mechanical sensors and storage devices. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as an emerging subclass of crystalline porous materials, combine structural adaptability with tunable photophysical properties, making them highly promising for piezochromic applications. However, research in this specific area remains notably limited. Herein, a series of donor-acceptor structured two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) exhibiting bright red emission was successfully synthesized, all of which demonstrate a pronounced red-shift spanning the red and near-infrared regions. Notably, Py-BO-COF shows the largest piezochromic shift of 187 nm with a high sensitivity of 44.52 nm GPa⁻¹, significantly exceeding that of Py-BT-COF, TPE-BO-COF, and most reported COF/MOF systems. Remarkably, Py-BO-COF exhibits fully reversible and repeatable emission switching over multiple cycles, consistently maintaining excellent linearity without degradation. This combination of high sensitivity and outstanding reversibility positions Py-BO-COF as a promising candidate for high-performance piezochromic materials. <i>In situ</i> spectroscopic analyses and theoretical simulations further reveal that the variation in piezochromic rates among the COFs arises from differences in charge-transfer (CT) processes, while the pronounced red-shifts in Py-BO-COF is associated with reduced interlayer distance and enhanced coplanarity. This study systematically establishes the structure-property relationship in piezochromic 2D COFs, offering strategic guidance for designing highly sensitive and reversible pressure-responsive materials, thereby advancing the field of smart piezochromic systems.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"69 8","pages":"4626 - 4634"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of deep-ultraviolet nonlinear optical material in borosilicate system: a case of RbSiB3O7","authors":"Xiaoyu Wu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Olga Reutova \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Linlin Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Wenqi Jin \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Abudukadi Tudi \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jidong Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Congwei Xie \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhihua Yang \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-026-4154-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-026-4154-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Borates and their derivatives with nonlinear optical (NLO) effects are considered preferred materials for the generation of deep-ultraviolet (deep-UV) lasers. Despite the importance of this class of materials, only a small fraction has been explored, which greatly limits the discovery of new borate-based materials with deep-UV NLO performance. Herein, by performing crystal structure searches and first-principles properties calculations, we propose a deep-UV NLO borosilicate, RbSiB₃O₇, which was designed by introducing SiO₂ into RbB₃O₅. We successfully predicted a new thermo-dynamically stable phase, RbSiB₃O₇-I, along with several metastable phases (RbSiB₃O₇-II to RbSiB₃O₇-XI). All of these RbSiB₃O₇ structures feature distinctive [SiB₃O₁₀] fundamental building blocks (FBBs), each of which consists of one [SiO₄], one [BO₄], and two [BO₃] units. Compared with its parent compound RbB₃O₅, in which one [BO₄] and two [BO₃] units form [B₃O₇] rings, the introduction of the [SiO₄] unit transforms the [B₃O₇] FBB into [SiB₃O₁₀] FBB. From structural and physical perspectives, such a modification may yield a better balance among NLO-related properties. Remarkably, RbSiB₃O₇-V possesses a large band gap (∼7 eV), a large second-harmonic generation coefficient (∼1.5 × KH₂PO₄), and suitable birefringence (∼0.07 at 1064 nm), thereby enabling deep-UV phase matching. Considering that borosilicates still contain a vast unexplored chemical space, the present study may stimulate the exploration of new deep-UV NLO borosilicates with superior properties.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"69 10","pages":"6310 - 6318"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-nano CeOx modified FeNC catalyst for highly selective electrochemical CO2 reduction under acidic conditions","authors":"Shaohui Xie \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Ping Guan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Kaian Sun \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zewen Zhuang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xin Tan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Wei Yan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jiujun Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yuan Pan \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-026-4155-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-026-4155-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The electrochemical CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) offers a promising route to convert CO₂ into value-added chemicals under mild conditions, thereby contributing to carbon neutrality and sustainable energy systems. However, achieving efficient and stable CO₂RR in acidic media remains highly challenging, mainly due to the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and corrosion-induced deactivation of metal active sites. To address these challenges, sub-nano CeO_<i>x</i> clusters (∼3 nm) modified iron single-atom catalyst (FeNC) (denoted as FeNC-CeO_<i>x</i>) materials were synthesized. At −0.9 V (vs. RHE), it delivers a CO Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 99.3% with a corresponding CO partial current density of 89.6 mA cm⁻², while maintaining ∼90% CO FE after continuous operation for 24 h. Combined experimental characterizations, <i>in situ</i> spectroscopic analyses, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the introduction of sub-nano CeO_<i>x</i> clusters effectively modulates the electronic structure of the Fe active centers. DFT results indicate that sub-nano CeO_<i>x</i> clusters induce an upward shift of the Fe d-band center, thereby optimizing the interaction between Fe–N₄ sites and key reaction intermediates, stabilizing *COOH while avoiding strong *CO adsorption, which thermodynamically enhances the activity and selectivity for CO₂ to CO conversion. Meanwhile, sub-nano CeO_<i>x</i> clusters promote the formation of a rigid interfacial water structure dominated by strong hydrogen-bonded water, which effectively hinders interfacial proton transfer dynamics and suppresses the competing HER. Owing to these synergistic effects, the FeNC-CeO_<i>x</i> achieves a CO FE of 80.2% even under 30% concentration CO₂.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"69 10","pages":"6381 - 6389"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorine substitution in hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks for triboelectric sensing: structure-property relationship and mechanistic understanding","authors":"Sai Yan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Han Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yue Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xiaohong Shang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Peng Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Ran Cao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Meifang Zhu \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-026-4133-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-026-4133-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fluorination has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to enhance triboelectric output. However, a systematic investigation into the role of fluorine content and substitution effect remains lacking. In this study, by <i>in-situ</i> embedding fluorine-functionalized hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) into poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexa-fluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) nanofibers via electrospinning, we explored the fluorine content and substitution effect on tribo-sensor performance. Owing to the enhanced dielectric constant and surface charge polarization, the resulting PVDF-HFP/HOF nanofibers exhibited significantly improved triboelectric performance. Notably, tribo-sensors based on fluorine-functionalized HOF-doped nanofibers delivered a maximum open-circuit voltage of 210.7 V, far surpassing that of pristine PVDF-HFP (66.9 V). Theoretical simulations further revealed that this superior performance originates from the increased molecular dipole moments and local electrostatic potentials induced by fluorine substitution, with <i>ortho</i>-substitution offering stronger polarization than <i>para</i>-substitution. In addition, the gait monitoring experiment further demonstrated the application potential of PVDF-HFP/HOF nanofibers as a high-performance tribo-sensor. This work demonstrates a structure–property-guided approach to designing engineered fluorine-functionalized HOFs as tunable nanofillers, offering new insights into the development of high-performance triboelectric materials for next-generation electronics.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"69 10","pages":"6425 - 6435"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superconductivity in the A15-type V3(Os1−2xSixGex) medium-entropy alloys","authors":"Yucheng Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Kuan Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Lingyong Zeng \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Rui Chen \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jingjun Qin \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Shuangyue Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Huixia Luo \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-026-4090-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-026-4090-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cubic A15-type superconducting alloys continue to fascinate the academic and industrial fields because they mainly support the largest market for low-temperature superconducting applications and show exotic physical properties. Medium-/high-entropy alloys (MEAs-HEAs) can be employed stably under extreme conditions due to their high mechanical hardness and excellent irradiation tolerance. Combining with the features of the A15-type superconductor and MEAs-HEAs, we design a series of previously unreported A15-type V₃(Os_{1−2<i>x</i>}Si_<i>x</i>Ge_<i>x</i>) (<i>x</i> = 0.333, 0.375, 0.425) MEA superconductors, which can be obtained by an arc melting method. Resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat measurements indicate that all of them are type-II bulk superconductors. The superconducting transition temperature (<i>T</i>_c) exhibits an upward trend with the systematic reduction of Os concentration. Additionally, the upper critical field of the V₃(Os_0.333Si_0.333Ge_0.333) sample is larger than the Pauli limit, suggesting it may be robust against magnetic fields due to spin-orbit coupling induced by the heavy Os atoms. These findings not only advance our understanding of emergent phenomena in entropy-stabilized A15-type alloys but also expand the members of the new superconductors.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"69 10","pages":"6132 - 6141"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-entropy strategy: an effective paradigm to address challenges in rechargeable battery materials","authors":"Han-Hao Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yue Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jia-Lin Yang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jin-Ling Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Denglong Chen \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhen-Yi Gu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xing-Long Wu \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-026-4141-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-026-4141-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid advancement of rechargeable batteries is crucial for meeting growing global energy storage demands. High-entropy materials (HEMs), which incorporate multiple principal elements in near equimolar ratios, have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for designing next generation electrodes. Their high configurational entropy introduces unique effects (structural stabilization, lattice distortion, high defect density, and synergistic cocktail interactions) that collectively address longstanding challenges in battery materials, such as capacity fade, structural degradation, and slow ion transport. This review systematically examines how these entropy-derived effects translate into electrode performance advantages, including low volumetric strain, suppression of phase transitions, facilitated conversion reactions, enhanced ion transport pathways, disorder-promoted ion diffusion, and multi-element synergy. By correlating fundamental mechanisms with electrochemical performance across various materials, we provide a perspective on the influence of the entropy derivation effect on electrode materials. Finally, we outline prevailing challenges and future research directions in synthesis, theoretical modeling, and compositional optimization, aiming to guide the rational development of high-performance and entropy-stabilized battery materials.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"69 10","pages":"6009 - 6026"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-entropy modulation and surface engineering promising 4.8 V-tolerant practical Co-free ultrahigh-Ni cathodes","authors":"Dingen Yao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Hongqiang Xi \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Longwei Liang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jiwei Hao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Leilei Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Guoshuai Su \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Linrui Hou \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Changzhou Yuan \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-4143-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-4143-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-Ni (Ni ⩾ 0.9) layered cathodes are being developed to endure high-voltage operations above 4.5 V to boost energy density. However, they face exacerbated chemomechanical and electrochemical degradation under high-voltage operation, primarily due to excessive lattice strain and phase distortion during cycling. Here, we engineer a high-Ni, Co-free cathode featuring a multicomponent complex doping-modulated bulk structure, coupled with surface modification via a multifunctional atomic layer deposition-coated LiAlO₂ layer. Such a unique framework achieved by surface-to-bulk integrated modification can not only greatly prevent lattice stress-induced mechanical degradation but also effectively mitigate the accumulation of by-products due to surface side-reactions. Moreover, the LiAlO₂ nanoshell with exceptional ion conductivity markedly enhances the sur-/interfacial Li-ion migration kinetics, thus rendering low electron/ion-diffusion resistance. The developed cathode breaks through existing voltage constraints without compromising on performance, achieving an exceptional balance between capacity and cycle stability during operation at 4.8 V. Notably, the pouch-type cells utilizing graphite and Li metal anodes demonstrate excellent cyclability under demanding conditions, even operating at high charging cut-off voltages of 4.5 and 4.6 V, respectively.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"69 9","pages":"5568 - 5577"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic Janus cilia microparticles with interfacial nano-interlocking for stable emulsified oil separation","authors":"Sen Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Han Bao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yuepeng Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yuqi Fan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xizi Wan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Shutao Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-026-4139-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-026-4139-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Efficient separation of tiny emulsified oils from water is of great significance for water reclamation, environmental remediation, and ecological security. However, the stability of the separated oil phase has often been overlooked, which can result in compromised separation efficiency and secondary contamination. Herein, we report magnetic Janus cilia microparticles (Janus Cilia-MPs) featuring a hydrophobic plain hemisphere and a hydrophilic cilia-structured hemisphere, achieved by integrating phase separation with a controlled cilia growth process for efficient and stable oil-water separation. Owing to their asymmetric wettability, magnetic Janus Cilia-MPs can spontaneously assemble at the oil-water interface and induce the coalescence of tiny emulsified oil droplets into larger droplets. More importantly, the hydrophilic cilia-structured hemisphere significantly enhances the interparticle cohesive force through physical nano-interlocking. Macroscopic impact tests demonstrate that this interlocked shell effectively suppresses secondary coalescence and significantly improves the stability of the separated oil phase compared with magnetic Janus plain microparticles and traditional small-molecule surfactants. This work provides mechanistic insight into particle-mediated interfacial assembly in complex systems.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"69 10","pages":"6471 - 6479"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149099098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A metabolizable benzothiazole-based covalent organic framework nanodot enables photothermal-boosted cuproptosis for synergistic cancer therapy","authors":"Ganlin Dong \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Meizhen Zou \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Shuting Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yahuan Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yan Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Liefeng Hu \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-4026-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-4026-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Copper-based synergistic therapy integrating chemodynamic therapy and cuproptosis holds great promise for tumor treatment due to its streamlined processes and enhanced efficacy. However, its clinical translation is hampered by the potential long-term toxicity, low catalytic efficiency, off-target effects, and ion efflux of copper. Herein, we developed metabolizable ultrasmall benzothiazole-based covalent organic framework nanodots (COF NDs) through a click condensation reaction followed by liquid exfoliation. The dense donor-acceptor configurations endow the NDs with a high photothermal conversion efficiency (51.16%), while the bisthiazole motifs enable specific Cu²⁺/Cu⁺ chelation (0.56:0.44), facile PEGylation, and mitochondrial targeting. These features collectively enhance physiological stability and enable tumor-specific photothermal-catalytic synergy. Importantly, mitochondrial accumulation of the NDs elevates intracellular copper to a critical threshold, thereby inducing cuproptosis and effectively suppressing tumor growth and metastasis. Furthermore, the NDs are efficiently excreted via renal and fecal pathways, demonstrating favorable bio-compatibility and highlighting their strong clinical potential as copper-based nanotherapeutics.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"69 9","pages":"5779 - 5792"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing photosensitivity and visible-light absorption in intrinsically black photosensitive polyimide: synthesis and metal patterning","authors":"Hao Zhong \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Dezhi Zhan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yongjian Zhu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jing Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Wanying Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yiyong Chen \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xin Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Chengbin Zou \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jinru Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhenxuan Huang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Min Cao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Rui Chen \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Shilong Zhong \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Cheng Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xudong Chen \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-4274-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-4274-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As electronic devices evolve toward higher power densities, visible-light shielding in advanced packaging becomes imperative for circuit security and long-term reliability. This imposes stringent requirements on photosensitive polyimides (PSPI) functioning simultaneously as photodefinable dielectrics and structural layers. However, intrinsically black PSPI (B-PSPI) inherently suffer from competitive ultraviolet (UV) absorption between chromophores and photosensitive moieties. This optical trade-off severely limits the co-optimization of deep visible-light blocking and high lithographic resolution. Addressing this bottleneck, we report a main-/side-chain spatial decoupling strategy to synthesize a novel B-PSPI. By polymerizing pyromellitic dianhydride with a main-chain coloring monomer (4,4′-diaminodiphenylamine) and a side-chain photosensitive monomer (1,4-dihydropyridine-functionalized diamine), the monomer stoichiometric ratio is precisely engineered. This rational design spatially isolates the functional groups and enhances the charge transfer effect, yielding exceptional visible-light shielding (CIE <i>L</i>* index of 21.39, cut-off wavelength ≈ 555 nm) with good lithographic sensitivity. Furthermore, UV exposure triggers the <i>in situ</i> generation of coordination sites from the photosensitive groups, effectively anchoring active metal species for electroless copper plating. This enables the direct additive fabrication of fine copper lines (40/80 µm line width/spacing) exhibiting a robust Cu/BPSPI interfacial adhesion of 16.6 MPa. This work provides a robust molecular design paradigm for B-PSPI, seamlessly integrating superior optical shielding and surface metallization for high-density interconnect applications.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"69 9","pages":"5626 - 5636"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}