{"title":"Eco-friendly small molecule with polyhydroxyl ketone as buried interface chelator for enhanced carrier dynamics toward high-performance perovskite solar cells","authors":"Rui Wu \u0000 (, ), Bingxin Ding \u0000 (, ), Shuping Xiao \u0000 (, ), Wuchen Xiang \u0000 (, ), Yiheng Gao \u0000 (, ), Bobo Yuan \u0000 (, ), Zhongli Qin \u0000 (, ), Xiangbai Chen \u0000 (, ), Pingli Qin \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3228-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3228-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Buried interface defects pose a significant challenge to achieving high efficiency and stability of n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A multifunctional material is essential for passivating interface defects, suppressing non-radiative recombination, and facilitating rapid carrier transfer at these interfaces. Herein, a new multifunctional eco-friendly small molecule, D-fructose, was introduced into the interface as a modification layer, playing a significant role in passivating defects not only among SnO<sub>2</sub> quantum dots (QDs), but also between perovskite and SnO<sub>2</sub> QDs. The coordination bonds of the C=O group with Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Sn<sup>4+</sup>/Sn<sup>2+</sup>, along with the hydrogen bonds of the –OH group with I<sup>−</sup> in perovskite, contribute to this passivation process. Meanwhile, this multifunctional collaboration at the buried interface not only triggers uniform heterogeneous nucleation across the perovskite precursor film, leading to high-quality perovskite, but also effectively eliminates residual PbI<sub>2</sub> at grain boundaries to suppress perovskite degeneration. Achieving a more suitable energy level alignment between perovskite and SnO<sub>2</sub> QDs can smooth the interface barrier, thereby facilitating the formation of an electron bridge for rapid electron extraction and transfer. Consequently, the D-fructose based PSC has achieved a champion efficiency of 24.91% with negligible <i>J</i>-<i>V</i> hysteresis, along with excellent stability.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 4","pages":"1249 - 1258"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jian Xu (, ), Lili Ren (, ), Wei Song (, ), Nan Wu (, ), Zeyu Wang (, ), Shuai Wang (, ), Qiancheng He (, ), Qingzhu Zhang (, )
{"title":"An environment-friendly gradient double-layer wearable hydrogel strain sensor for human motion monitoring and deformation recognition actuator","authors":"Jian Xu \u0000 (, ), Lili Ren \u0000 (, ), Wei Song \u0000 (, ), Nan Wu \u0000 (, ), Zeyu Wang \u0000 (, ), Shuai Wang \u0000 (, ), Qiancheng He \u0000 (, ), Qingzhu Zhang \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3227-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3227-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soft sensors and actuators are crucial components of soft robotics that have received considerable attention from the scientific community because of their wide-ranging applications. Integrating these elements into a unified soft material remains challenging. In this study, we used Ca<sup>2+</sup> spraying and annealing posttreatment to fabricate a gradient-structured double-layer hydrogel for use as a sensitive sensor and pH-responsive actuator. Precisely controlling the duration of the Ca<sup>2+</sup> and annealing treatments produced a double-layer hydrogel with a distinct double-layer structure, tunable mechanical properties and excellent electrical conductivity. Additionally, the hydrogels have high ionic conductivity and can be used for wearable stretch sensors for monitoring human motions. The inherent gradient structure enables the hydrogel to be used as actuator for target grasping and gripping targets. Sensing and clamping signals can be wirelessly transmitted in real-time to a cell phone via signal processing and transmission equipment. The developed double-layer hydrogel integrated with conductive sensing and soft actuators could be used to design soft robots capable of signal sensing and actuation.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 4","pages":"1162 - 1173"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lan Xie (, ), Dingding Qiu (, ), Xianghao Zeng (, ), Chung Hang Kwok (, ), Yan Wang (, ), Jia Yao (, ), Kan Ding (, ), Lu Chen (, ), Jicheng Yi (, ), Harald Ade (, ), Zhixiang Wei (, ), Wai-Yeung Wong (, ), He Yan (, ), Han Yu (, )
{"title":"Tailoring small-molecule acceptors through asymmetric side-chain substitution for efficient organic solar cells","authors":"Lan Xie \u0000 (, ), Dingding Qiu \u0000 (, ), Xianghao Zeng \u0000 (, ), Chung Hang Kwok \u0000 (, ), Yan Wang \u0000 (, ), Jia Yao \u0000 (, ), Kan Ding \u0000 (, ), Lu Chen \u0000 (, ), Jicheng Yi \u0000 (, ), Harald Ade \u0000 (, ), Zhixiang Wei \u0000 (, ), Wai-Yeung Wong \u0000 (, ), He Yan \u0000 (, ), Han Yu \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3252-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3252-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Side chain engineering of small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) is a promising strategy for improving device efficiency in organic solar cells (OSCs). This study investigates the parent SMAs of BT-BO and BT-TBO, along with the newly synthesized asymmetric SMA, BT-ASY, which features branched alkyl chains and thiophene side chains substituted at the β positions of the thiophene units, respectively. Despite exhibiting comparable optical and electrochemical properties, the PM6:BT-ASY-based device achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.08% representing a significant improvement over its symmetric counterparts. This enhancement is primarily attributed to improved charge mobility, extended carrier lifetimes, optimized molecular packing, and effective phase separation, as confirmed by grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements. Our findings highlight that asymmetric side-chain strategy enhances π-π stacking and electronic coupling, offering a simple yet effective approach to improving photovoltaic performance. This work underscores the potential of asymmetric structural modifications in SMAs for advancing OSC technology and renewable energy solutions.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 3","pages":"860 - 867"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40843-024-3252-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changhua Mi (, ), Xin Sun (, ), Xiaojing Yin (, ), Jiahao Yang (, ), Yanlong Lv (, ), Xiaojun Lv (, ), Meicheng Li (, )
{"title":"g-C3N4 modified MoS2 photoelectrodes for stable photo-assisted zinc-ion capacitors","authors":"Changhua Mi \u0000 (, ), Xin Sun \u0000 (, ), Xiaojing Yin \u0000 (, ), Jiahao Yang \u0000 (, ), Yanlong Lv \u0000 (, ), Xiaojun Lv \u0000 (, ), Meicheng Li \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3239-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3239-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Photo-assisted capacitors are attractive devices for solar energy conversion and storage, while the behavior of photoelectrodes limits their performance. In this work, MoS<sub>2</sub> photoelectrodes were modified by g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, exhibiting enhanced photo-rechargeable properties. Our results show that the introduction of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> increases the surface area of MoS<sub>2</sub> photoelectrodes and promotes the transport of charge carriers, which can boost the specific capacity and cycle stability of capacitors. The as-prepared zinc-ion capacitors with g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub> photoelectrodes show a specific capacity of 380.93 F/g at 1 A/g under AM 1.5 G illumination. Remarkably, after 3000 cycles at 10 A/g, the capacity of the photo-assisted zinc-ion capacitor retains above 99%.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 4","pages":"1082 - 1090"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hui-Ping Peng (, ), Ying-Chen Peng (, ), Fei Xue (, ), Ye Yang (, ), Shang-Heng Liu (, ), Xuan Huang (, ), Zhong-Liang Huang (, ), Lin Sun (, ), Hong-Bo Geng (, ), Xiao-Qing Huang (, ), Yong Xu (, )
{"title":"Integrating solar-driven water splitting with benzyl alcohol oxidation on ZnIn2S4 with Ni–N channel","authors":"Hui-Ping Peng \u0000 (, ), Ying-Chen Peng \u0000 (, ), Fei Xue \u0000 (, ), Ye Yang \u0000 (, ), Shang-Heng Liu \u0000 (, ), Xuan Huang \u0000 (, ), Zhong-Liang Huang \u0000 (, ), Lin Sun \u0000 (, ), Hong-Bo Geng \u0000 (, ), Xiao-Qing Huang \u0000 (, ), Yong Xu \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3241-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3241-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub> production has been regarded as a charming strategy for harvesting solar energy to chemical energy yet remains a great challenge due to the weak light absorption in visible range, low charge transfer, and fast recombination of photogenerated carriers. Here, we integrate solar-driven water splitting with benzyl alcohol (BA) oxidation, a typical platform chemical from biomass, for producing H<sub>2</sub> and benzaldehyde (BAD) over ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> nanosheets doped with Ni and N (Ni-N/ZIS). Mechanism studies show that Ni-N/ZIS provides a fast charge channel (i.e., Ni–N) for separating photogenerated electrons and holes, as a result of significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance. Impressively, Ni-N/ZIS displays a H<sub>2</sub> productivity of 18.7 mmol g<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> with an apparent quantum yield (AQE) of 29.1% at 420 nm, which is 37.4, 10.6 and 2.8 times higher than that of pristine ZIS, N/ZIS and Ni/ZIS, surpassing all the reported noble metal-free catalysts. Besides, the productivity of BAD reaches 17.5 mmol g<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> under the irradiation of visible light (<i>λ</i> ⩾ 420 nm). This work integrates two significant processes (i.e., solar-driven water splitting with benzyl alcohol oxidation) for producing H<sub>2</sub> and BAD, respectively, which will contribute to alleviating the current energy and environmental crisis.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 3","pages":"804 - 811"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coupling regulation for achieving high-efficient UOR performance of amorphous Ni-P catalyst by pulse electrodeposition","authors":"Chaoqun Pei \u0000 (, ), Yuyang Qian \u0000 (, ), Shuangqin Chen \u0000 (, ), Jing Hu \u0000 (, ), Shangshu Wu \u0000 (, ), Mingjie Zhou \u0000 (, ), Baoan Sun \u0000 (, ), Tao Feng \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3235-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3235-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The pursuit of highly efficient catalysts for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) represents a pivotal and sustainable approach to the generation of renewable energy. Structural regulation has emerged as a particularly effective approach to achieving superior catalytic performance. However, in the realm of amorphous catalysts with disordered structure and remarkable catalytic potential, identifying effective regulation strategies to enhance the UOR performance remains a formidable yet critical challenge. In this study, we present a coupling modulation strategy based on the growth mode and pulse current, utilizing pulse electrodeposition (PED) to achieve amorphous Ni-P catalysts with high-efficiency UOR performance. Amorphous Ni/Ni-P catalyst engineered by Stranski-Krastanov (SK) growth mode along with low pulse current exhibits unprecedented catalytic activity for UOR, as evidenced by its overpotential of 1.35 V at 10 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> and 1.37 V @ 100 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. We reveal the regulation-relationship among the growth modes, catalyst structure and UOR performance by PED. We also show that low-pulse current can efficiently enhance UOR performance by elevating energy states in amorphous Ni-P, and further demonstrate the broad applicability across diverse growth modes. Therefore, by integrating film growth modes with a pulse current, we have established a novel method for significantly enhancing catalytic performance, setting the stage for the advancement of superior catalysts.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 3","pages":"820 - 829"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuefang Zhao (, ), Huabin Yang (, ), Qirui Zhang (, ), Cheng Lei (, ), Na Zhou (, ), Rongrui Shi (, ), Lei Shi (, ), Jintao Wu (, ), Houming Luo (, ), Haiyang Mao (, )
{"title":"A wearable flexible humidity sensor with high-density and large-thickness interdigital electrodes and sensitive CQD bundles for urination monitoring in diapers","authors":"Yuefang Zhao \u0000 (, ), Huabin Yang \u0000 (, ), Qirui Zhang \u0000 (, ), Cheng Lei \u0000 (, ), Na Zhou \u0000 (, ), Rongrui Shi \u0000 (, ), Lei Shi \u0000 (, ), Jintao Wu \u0000 (, ), Houming Luo \u0000 (, ), Haiyang Mao \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3226-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3226-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work proposes a fabrication technique that can achieve wafer-level preparation of flexible interdigital electrodes (IDEs) with high-density and large-thickness (HD&LT). Utilizing these HD&LT flexible IDEs, we developed a flexible humidity sensor that employs a composite material made of nanowire bundles with carbon quantum dots (CQDBs) for humidity sensitivity. In this device, the composite material facilitates high absorption and capillary condensation of water molecules across various relative humidity (RH) conditions, while the HD&LT IDEs enhance the effective sensing area. Consequently, we achieve a flexible humidity sensor with exceptional performance. This sensor not only boasts key attributes such as low cost, easy fabrication, and straightforward operation but also establishes a foundation for extensive humidity sensing applications. In comparison to other devices utilizing small-thickness and low-density IDEs, our sensor demonstrates remarkable 2.5-fold and 5.8-fold increase in sensitivity across humidity ranges of 7%–59% RH and 59%–97% RH, respectively. To explore the practical applications of the device, we demonstrate its functionality in diaper humidity detection. With characteristics of wearability and durability, the sensor shows significant potential for humidity monitoring in wearable electronics.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 4","pages":"1154 - 1161"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liang Wang (, ), Le Zhang (, ), Shuaibin Hua (, ), Qiuyun Fu (, ), Xin Guo (, )
{"title":"Leaky integrate-and-fire and oscillation neurons based on ZnO diffusive memristors for spiking neural networks","authors":"Liang Wang \u0000 (, ), Le Zhang \u0000 (, ), Shuaibin Hua \u0000 (, ), Qiuyun Fu \u0000 (, ), Xin Guo \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3236-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3236-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diffusive threshold switching (TS) memristors have emerged as a promising candidate for artificial neurons, effectively replicating neuronal functions and enabling spiking neural networks (SNNs) to emulate the low-power processing of biological brains. In this study, we present an artificial neuron based on a Pt/Ag/ZnO/Pt volatile memristor, which exhibits exceptional TS characteristics, including electro-forming-free operation, low voltage requirements (<0.2 V), high stability (2.25% variation over 1024 cycles), a high on/off ratio (10<sup>6</sup>), and inherent self-compliance. These Pt/Ag/ZnO/Pt diffusive memristors are employed to simultaneously emulate oscillation neurons and leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons, enabling precise modulation of oscillation and firing frequencies through pulse parameters while maintaining low energy consumption (1.442 nJ per spike). We further integrate the oscillation and LIF neurons as input and output neurons, respectively, in a two-layer SNN, achieving a high classification accuracy of 89.17% on MNIST-based voltage images. This work underscores the potential of ZnO diffusive memristors in emulating stable artificial neurons and highlights their promise for advanced neuromorphic computing applications using SNNs.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 4","pages":"1212 - 1219"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruiang Guo (, ), Shuaiqi Li (, ), Jiawei Zhang (, ), Yi Tian (, ), Weiguo Dong (, ), Duanwei He (, )
{"title":"Phosphorus-doped n-type diamond with high ionization efficiency through high-pressure thermal diffusion","authors":"Ruiang Guo \u0000 (, ), Shuaiqi Li \u0000 (, ), Jiawei Zhang \u0000 (, ), Yi Tian \u0000 (, ), Weiguo Dong \u0000 (, ), Duanwei He \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3233-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3233-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diamond is known as the ultimate semiconductor owing to its excellent physical properties. However, the high difficulty of n-type doping and the poor electrical performance of n-type diamonds remain major challenges for the application of diamond semiconductor materials. In this paper, a high-pressure thermal diffusion method for the n-type doping of diamond, which utilizes high pressure to reduce the volume difference between phosphorus atoms and carbon atoms, is reported for the first time. This method can achieve efficient doping and ionization of phosphorus atoms at the lattice sites of diamond. The prepared phosphorus-doped diamond exhibited the lowest resistivity (2 Ω cm) and highest electron concentration (2.27 × 10<sup>18</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>) observed in any known phosphorus-doped diamond single crystal at room temperature (300 K). The high-pressure thermal diffusion method provides an effective approach for diamond n-type doping, which may play an important role in the design and preparation of future diamond-based semiconductor devices.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 4","pages":"1196 - 1202"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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