Science China Materials最新文献

{"title":"Reversible electrochromism in α-In2Se3 through ferroelectric switching induced phase transition","authors":"Zhongshen Luo, Qingyuan Wang, Runcang Feng, Shun Wang, Zhou Zhou, Yiqi Hu, Qiankun Li, Qingyu Yan, Zhijian Feng, Yanfei Hou, Tianhao Ying, Yuyan Weng, Liang Fang, Lu You","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3060-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-024-3060-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrochromic materials change color or opacity when subjected to electrical stimuli, often through reversible chemical reactions or phase transitions. Their optical switch capabilities make them promising for applications like smart windows and glasses, thus garnering widespread attention in recent years. Van der Waals layered ferroelectric α-In₂Se₃, known for its rich polymorphs, is a promising candidate for exploring physical property modulation via phase transformations. However, the discovery of electrochromism in In₂Se₃ has been impeded by similar optical constants among its polymorphs. Herein, we report the experimental observation of reversible electrochromism in α-In₂Se₃ thin flakes accompanied by ferroelectric polarization switching. Microscopic structural characterizations reveal that the color change stems from a crystalline-to-amorphous phase transition. An improved Kramer-Kronig analysis was employed to quantify the change in optical constants of the flake. A disordered polarization switching model, inherent to the crystal symmetry of α-In₂Se₃, was proposed to explain the electrically driven amorphization. This work delivers distinct insight into the unique electrochromic behavior and unveils opportunities of relevant applications for the van der Waals layered ferroelectric.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noncationic polymer-assisted carrier for nucleic acid drug delivery","authors":"Miao Su, Junbin Chen, Yueqiang Zhu, Chaoran Chen, Yuxi Zhang, Xianzhu Yang","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3048-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-024-3048-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nucleic acid drugs are emerging as a novel biotherapeutic modality for disease treatment, targeting nucleic acids to regulate the protein translation process and thereby facilitating disease management. They hold significant promise in biomedical applications and treatment avenues. Given their negative charge, high molecular weight, and hydrophilic properties, nucleic acid drugs require carriers to traverse multiple biological barriers and facilitate intracellular delivery. Cationic material-based carriers present an unprecedented opportunity to address these challenges through electrostatic interactions with nucleic acids. However, concerns regarding the biosafety and cytotoxic responses of cationic materials have emerged in early clinical studies. As a result, the use of non-cationic polymer carriers, by controlling or circumventing the use of cationic materials, represents a promising approach for nucleic acid delivery. In this review, we highlight various designs of non-cationic polymer carriers that go beyond the principle of electrostatic interactions, including conjugation, chemical bonding, physical crosslinking, hydrophobic interactions, and coordination bonding with nucleic acids. Additionally, we discuss strategies for enhancing the efficiency of nucleic acid delivery and therapeutic effects of non-cationic polymer carriers, focusing on targeted delivery, cellular internalization, and endosomal escape.</p>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Switchable K–O bonds unveiling anomalous ferroelastic transitions in a polar hybrid crystal","authors":"Yao-Bin Li, Wei-Jian Xu, Xiao-Xian Chen, De-Xuan Liu, Zhi-Shuo Wang, Wei-Xiong Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-2918-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-024-2918-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hybrid ferroelastic crystals have garnered considerable interest due to their promising potential as mechanical switches and sensors. The anomalous ferroelastic phase transitions, in which ferroelasticity occurs in the high-temperature phase rather than the low-temperature phase, are of particular interest, but they are sporadically-documented and none of them is involved in breaking of the chemical bonds. Herein, a hydroxyl-containing cation, <i>i.e.</i>, Me₃NOH⁺, is employed to construct a three-dimensional hybrid crystal (Me₃NOH)₂KBiCl₆ (1). This crystal undergoes distinct two-step structural phase transitions with space-group changes of <i>Pna</i>2₁–<i>P</i>112₁–<i>P</i>6₃<i>mc</i>, belonging to an anomalous temperature-reversed <i>mm</i>2<i>F</i>2 ferroelastic transition and a normal 6<i>mmF</i>2 ferroelastic transition, respectively. The anomalous ferroelastic transition is entirely driven by switchable K–O coordination bonds involving breaking and reformation. Notably, the dynamic behavior of Me₃NOH⁺ cations along with the distortion of inorganic framework enables the manifestation of unusual “high-low-medium” second-harmonic generation-switching behaviors. This study presents the enormous benefits of switchable coordination bonds for inducing anomalous ferroelastic phase transitions, offering valuable insight for the exploration of new multifunctional ferroelastic materials.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photothermal phase change material microcapsules via cellulose nanocrystal and graphene oxide co-stabilized Pickering emulsion for solar and thermal energy storage","authors":"Wang Sun, Zhe Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Nisha He, Qiang Wei, Liu Feng, Zhenghao Wang, Jie Wu, Can Liu, Shiyu Fu, Yelin Hou, Gilles Sèbe, Guofu Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3040-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-024-3040-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Phase change materials (PCMs) have attracted significant attention in thermal management due to their ability to store and release large amounts of heat during phase transitions. However, their widespread application is restricted by leakage issues. Encapsulating PCMs within polymeric microcapsules is a promising strategy to prevent leakage and increase heat transfer area with matrices. Moreover, photothermal PCM microcapsules are particularly desirable for solar energy storage. Herein, we fabricated photothermal PCM microcapsules with melamine-formaldehyde resin (MF) as shell using cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and graphene oxide (GO) co-stabilized Pickering emulsion droplets as templates. CNC displays outstanding Pickering emulsifying ability and can facilitate the fixation of GO at the oil-water interface, resulting in a stable CNC/GO co-stabilized PCM Pickering emulsion. A polydopamine (PDA) layer was coated <i>in-situ</i> on the emulsion droplets via oxidization self-polymerization of dopamine. Meanwhile, GO was reduced to reduced GO (rGO) due to the reducing ability of PDA. The outmost MF shell of the PCM microcapsules was formed <i>in-situ</i> through the polymerization and crosslinking of MF prepolymer. The resulted PCM@CNC/rGO/PDA/MF microcapsules exhibit uniform sizes in the micrometer range, excellent leakage-proof performance, high phase change enthalpy (175.4 J g⁻¹) and PCM encapsulation content (84.2%). Moreover, the presence of rGO and PDA endows PCM@CNC/rGO/PDA/MF microcapsules with outstanding photothermal conversion performance. The temperature of PCM@CNC/rGO/PDA/MF microcapsule slurries (15wt.%) can reach 73°C after light irradiation at 1 W cm⁻². Therefore, photothermal PCM@CNC/rGO/PDA/MF microcapsules are promising for solar energy harvesting, thermal energy storage, and release in various applications, such as energy-efficient buildings and smart textiles.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chiral perturbation in D-O-A organic phosphors towards efficient circularly polarized electroluminescence","authors":"Ying Yang, Shuai Xiao, Yan Zhou, Changsheng Shi, Lulin Xu, Xiangji Liao, Ning Su, Ning Sun, You-Xuan Zheng, Liming Ding, Junqiao Ding","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3042-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-024-3042-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chiral organic phosphors with room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) show a great potential in high-performance circularly polarized organic light-emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs). As a proof of concept, herein, we report a pair of chiral RTP enantiomers (<i>S/R</i>)-CP-RTP-D1 with acridine as the donor (D), triazine as the acceptor (A), oxygen as the bridge, and (<i>S/R</i>)-2-methylbutane as the chiral alkyl chain. It is found that the effective chiral perturbation can endow (<i>S/R</i>)-CP-RTP-D1 with mirror symmetric chiroptical properties, while maintaining the characteristic RTP emission. Consequently, the corresponding doped and non-doped CP-OLEDs based on (<i>S/R</i>)-CP-RTP-D1 achieve obvious circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) signals, revealing promising external quantum efficiencies of 14.9% and 13.0% with the dissymmetry factors ∣<i>g</i>_EL∣ of 7.00 × 10⁻⁴ and 9.87 × 10⁻⁴, respectively. These results highlight that chiral perturbation in D-O-A organic phosphors is a reliable strategy towards efficient CPEL.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A highly linear stretchable MXene-based biocompatible hydrogel–elastomer hybrid with tissue-level softness","authors":"Shu Wan, Haizhou Huang, Zisheng He, Yizhou Ye, Shen Li, Shi Su, Jiaxin Shen, Longxiang Han, Peng Wan, Xu Ran, Li Chen, Xuefeng He, Litao Sun, Hengchang Bi","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-2985-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-024-2985-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Maintaining low modulus while endowing the wide-range linear stretchability to wearable or implantable devices is crucial for these devices to reduce the mechanical mismatch between the devices and human skin/tissue interfaces. However, improving linear stretchability often results in an increased modulus of stretchable electronic materials, which hinders their conformability in long-term quantifiable monitoring of organs. Herein, we develop a hybrid structure involving interlocking low-modulus porous elastomers (Ecoflex-0030) and MXene-based hydrogels with crosslinking networks of polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, and MXene. This hydrogel–elastomer structure exhibits superior performance compared with previous reports, with a wide linear stretchability strain range from 0 to 1000% and maintaining a low modulus of 6.4 kPa. Moreover, the hydrogel–elastomer hybrids can be utilized as highly sensitive strain sensors with remarkable characteristics, including high sensitivity (gauge factor ∼3.52), a linear correlation between the resistance and strain (0–200%), rapid response (0.18 s) and recovery times (0.21 s), and excellent electrical reproducibility (1000 loading–unloading cycles). Those electrical and mechanical properties allow the sensor to act as a suitable quantifiable equipment in organ monitoring, human activities detecting, and human–machine interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the response of 2D COFs to the surface doping strategies through rational design of their chemical structure","authors":"Xin Feng, Xuefeng Liang, Xinxia Li, Zhou Fang, Weiqiang Wei, Lisheng Zhang, Yan He, Huifang Li","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3032-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-024-3032-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The chemical structure of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) plays a key role in their response to the surface doping strategy used for tuning their electronic character, but it is still not fully understood. To explore a rational design proposal for their chemical structure, the electronic properties of three n-doped typical COFs, including boron-containing (COF-1), triazine-based (CTF), and C–C bond-linked (GCOF) COFs, were investigated theoretically in this work. As expected, the chemical doping effects are different for these COFs. The dispersion of the frontier bands, the nuclear-independent chemical shift (NICS) aromaticity index results, distribution of the electron localization function (ELF), and Hirshfeld charge population plots show that part of the transferred electron from dopants will be offset by the intralayer charge transfer of COFs. Thus, chemical doping effects are more significant if the electron distribution in the COFs is more localized. This means the response of COFs to the surface doping strategy should be dominated by the conjugation degree of their chemical structure. Our results prove that the intrinsic conjugation degree of COFs plays a key role in such doping functionalization strategies, which are expected to provide more useful information for the initial structure design of COF materials and facilitate their practical applications as active electronic transport materials in nanoscale devices.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the quantum confinement effects modulating exciton and electronic band structures of two-dimensional layered MoSSe films and their photodetection potentials","authors":"Yifan Ding, Xudan Zhu, Hongyu Tang, Weiming Liu, Shuwen Shen, Jiajie Fan, Yi Luo, Yuxiang Zheng, Chunxiao Cong, Siyuan Luo, Rongjun Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3031-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-024-3031-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Emerging two-dimensional ternary transition metal dichalcogenide alloys have attracted much attention for their unique optical and optoelectronic properties, making them ideal candidates for optoelectronic applications. However, a comprehensive understanding of their quantum confinement effects and photoelectronic response characteristics remains crucial for device optimization and performance enhancement. In this study, we employed various spectroscopic techniques to investigate the optical properties and electronic band structures of molybdenum sulfide selenide (MoSSe) films with different layer numbers (4–11 layers). Our results revealed the splitting of Raman modes and shifting of phonon vibrational frequencies with increasing thickness, suggesting that MoSSe has strong interactions within the lattice. The A_1g and E_2g¹ modes were mainly shifted by internal strain and dielectric screening effect versus thickness, respectively. The redshift phenomenon of A and B excitons with increasing thickness was attributed to the leading effect of quantum confinement on exciton properties and optical band gaps. We observed a strong decrease in the direct bandgap spectral weight in photoluminescence (PL) when the layer number increased from 4 to 5. In addition, we have fabricated MoSSe photodetectors that exhibit a broadband response in the visible wavelength band of 350–800 nm. Furthermore, the observed enhancement in photocurrent and responsivity with increasing film thickness underscored the potential of MoSSe-based devices for practical optoelectronic applications. This research contributes to advancing our fundamental understanding of MoSSe materials and paves the way for the design and development of high-performance optoelectronic devices.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel one-dimensional Co-phenylmercaptotetrazole MOF templated fabrication of N, S co-doped Co9S8@NSC porous nanotubes for oxygen evolution reaction","authors":"Peixue Fu, Ruize Yin, Shitan Yan, Yue Qian, Qin Cheng, Hanni Yang, Siyang Li, Weiwei Xiong, Junhao Zhang, Aihua Yuan, Ting Bian","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-2975-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-024-2975-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, we report a novel one-dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF) templated for the synthesis of transition metal sulfides with excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance <i>via</i> a self-sulfidation process, eliminating the need for additional sulfur sources. After pyrolysis, MOFs containing Co ions as the metal nodes and 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole (PMTA) as the ligand were transformed to Co₉S₈ nanoparticles, which were encapsulated in a nitrogen and sulfur dual-doped carbon (Co₉S₈@NSC) matrix. Additionally, PMTA, as a ligand, possesses the unique advantage of forming porous coordination polymers with a wide range of metals (e.g., Fe, Ni, and Cu), enabling the versatile synthesis of transition metal sulfide electrocatalysts. Consequently, when served as the electrocatalyst for OER, the N, S co-doped Co₉S₈@NSC porous nanotubes exhibited excellent OER performance with the overpotential of only 248 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² and long-term stability. These works provide new insights and inspiration for the rational design and development of non-precious metal-based sulfides with practical potential applications.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sb–N charge transfer bridge over Cs3Sb2Br9/Sb–C3N4 Z-scheme heterojunction for boosting photocatalytic CO2 reduction","authors":"Hao-Kun Wang, Meng-Ran Zhang, Ke Su, Zhao-Lei Liu, Yan-Fei Mu, Fu-Quan Bai, Min Zhang, Tong-Bu Lu","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3035-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-024-3035-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Developing highly efficient heterostructural photocatalysts for direct CO₂ reduction coupled with water oxidation remains challenging, the key to which is to establish an efficient interfacial charge transport channel. Herein, we present a Cs₃Sb₂Br₉/Sb–C₃N₄ Z-scheme heterojunction prepared with an <i>in-situ</i> growth method based on the Sb atomic pinning effect. As revealed by the analysis of experimental and theoretical calculation results, the introduction of Sb anchors on C₃N₄ leads to the formation of an Sb–N charge transfer bridge between Cs₃Sb₂Br₉ and C₃N₄, promoting interfacial charge communication over Cs₃Sb₂Br₉/Sb–C₃N₄ heterojunction. Moreover, it can induce the heterojunction interfacial charge transfer pathway between Cs₃Sb₂Br₉ and C₃N₄ to change from type II to the type Z-scheme, enabling the change of the catalytic site from C₃N₄ to Cs₃Sb₂Br₉, thus promoting the CO₂ activation. As a result, Cs₃Sb₂Br₉/Sb–C₃N₄ achieves efficient CO₂ to CO photocatalytic conversion using water as the electron source under simulated solar light irradiation (100 mW·cm⁻²), with the yield of 198.4 µmol·g⁻¹·h⁻¹, which is nearly 3-fold and 9-fold over the counterpart synthesized catalyst without Sb anchors (Cs₃Sb₂Br₉/g–C₃N₄) and pure g–C₃N₄, respectively. This work provides a new alternative solution for the design of highly efficient heterojunction photocatalysts.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}