Science China Materials最新文献

{"title":"Pressure-driven laser induced graphene: transient pressure-enhanced structural ordering via femtosecond laser irradiation","authors":"Weiye Jin \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Huijie Sun \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yusuke Ito,&nbsp;Jiayun Pei \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari,&nbsp;Mohammed Alkahtani,&nbsp;Haiyan Zhao \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-4014-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-4014-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current laser-induced graphene (LIG) methods, including photothermal and photochemical approaches, are promising for flexible electronics, yet face distinct limitations. The photothermal approach often produces graphene with uncontrolled structural and functional properties, while the photochemical approach is restricted to a narrow range of precursors. To address these limitations, we propose a pressure-driven LIG (P-LIG) method that uses transient laser-generated pressure fields as an additional control parameter to improve graphene quality. An integrated framework combining ultrafast pump–probe interferometric imaging, large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) was developed to investigate this approach. Time-resolved measurements reveal the generation of transient pressure fields during femtosecond laser irradiation of polyimide films, confirming pressure as an intrinsic feature of the process. MD simulations under controlled pressure conditions demonstrate that pressure promotes the nucleation and stacking of graphene layers, resulting in more continuous and planar graphitic networks. XAI analysis quantitatively identifies the important contributions of pressure. These results confirm that the transient pressure introduced by the P-LIG method plays a key role in promoting more ordered, continuous, and planar graphene networks, and enhancing structural integrity and material quality beyond traditional methods. This provides a practical pathway for improving the performance and reliability of LIG-based flexible electronic devices.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"69 8","pages":"4744 - 4755"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A weighted ensemble model for screening passivation materials in high-efficiency perovskite solar cells","authors":"Xinxin Xu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jiazheng Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Qiang Lou \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Haibiao Chen \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Gehan Amaratunga,&nbsp;Hao Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jiahao Wu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Maojun Sun \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Haocheng Huang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Hang Zhou \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3968-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3968-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is hindered by stability issues that primarily stem from interfacial defects. This study employed a machine learning (ML) screening approach and constructed a learnable weighted ensemble model (LWEM) to enhance prediction robustness for identifying effective interface passivation materials. The ML model predicted that an imidazolium salt-based interface modifier, 1-benzyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMT), is suitable for planar n-i-p PSCs. Subsequent experimental results demonstrated that BMT provides synergistic passivation via an “ion-coordination dual-lock” mechanism that significantly suppresses non-radiative recombination, facilitates hole extraction, and improves the quality of the perovskite film. The BMT-modified devices achieve a significant increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 22.45% to 24.89% under AM 1.5G illumination, and attain a high PCE of 41.31% under 1000 lux light emitting diode (LED) indoor lighting. Additionally, the modified devices exhibit outstanding stability under long-term storage and maximum power point tracking conditions. This work provides a strategy for developing high-performance and highly stable PSCs for both indoor and outdoor applications.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"69 8","pages":"4843 - 4853"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amphitropic ion pairs induce a heterostructured solid electrolyte interphase in solid-state lithium batteries","authors":"Wangkaichen Du \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Ziyu Lou \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Shuoyi Chen \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xunjie Yin \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Sijia Chi \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xuerui Yi \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Li Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Shichao Wu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Quan-Hong Yang \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-4116-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-4116-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The design of solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) for poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based solid-state batteries has largely focused on solvent-affinity of Li⁺ to generate robust but ionically sluggish LiF-rich layers, inherently compromising transport kinetics. Here, we establish a paradigm based on quantifiable physicochemical descriptors (ionic potential and donor number) to guide the design of amphitropic ion pairs (AIPs). These AIPs are engineered to simultaneously tailor both the solvent-affinity and anion-affinity of Li⁺: a solventphilic cation with high ionic potential (Al³⁺) first sequesters reactive solvents, clearing the path for a high-donor-number, lithium-philic anion (NO₃⁻) to remodel solvation. This rationally guided, sequential mechanism enables the <i>in situ</i> synthesis of a LiF/Li₃N heterostructured SEI, where dendrite-suppressing LiF domains are seamlessly integrated with ultra-fast Li₃N ion channels. This design heterogeneity effectively enhances stability and kinetics, yielding a robust and highly conductive interface. Consequently, Li∣Li cells achieve &gt;2000 h of stable cycling, and Li∣LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ full cells surpass 600 cycles.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"69 8","pages":"4735 - 4743"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-relaxation engineering in Sb3+-sensitized Cs2NaLuCl6:Er3+ double perovskites enabling a record 45.3% EQE in NIR-II luminescence","authors":"Jingheng Nie \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Chaohong Liao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Huiwang Lian \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Renping Cao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Sijie Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Baoxia Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Bang Lan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jing Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-4021-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-4021-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lead-free halide double perovskites have attracted significant attention owing to their eco-friendliness, structural tunability, and self-trapped exciton emission. Nevertheless, achieving efficient and stable near-infrared-II (NIR-II) luminescence, especially in materials incorporating lanthanide ions, remains a considerable challenge in photonics research. Herein, we report a notable advance in the design and synthesis of Sb³⁺-sensitized Cs₂NaLuCl₆:Er³⁺ double perovskite single crystals, which exhibit an unprecedented external quantum efficiency of 45.3% for emission at 1542 nm. Sb³⁺ acts as a broadband ultraviolet absorber and transfers energy to Er³⁺ via self-trapped exciton emission. Moreover, at high concentrations of Er³⁺, Er³⁺-Er³⁺ cross relaxation (²H_11/2 + ⁴I_15/2 → ⁴I_9/2 + ⁴I_13/2) selectively populates the NIR-emitting ⁴I_13/2 state, suppressing competitive visible emission pathways. This synergistic host-sensitizer-activator design strategy, supported by density functional theory calculations, addresses long-standing efficiency limitations and opens new avenues for high-performance NIR-II emitters in bioimaging, night vision, and optical communications.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"69 8","pages":"4617 - 4625"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quaternary ammonium-mediated I+ complexation for stable high-energy four-electron aqueous fiber zinc-iodine batteries","authors":"Haixin Yao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Chuang Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Longmei Ma \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Chuanfa Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Fengliang Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Pengzhou Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhe Yang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Kun Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yan’an Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jiahe Qu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Haiyang Cheng \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yuxuan Zhou \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Chen Zhao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Songlin Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Chengsheng Gui \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Meng Liao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Huisheng Peng \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Bingjie Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-4107-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-4107-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aqueous fiber zinc-iodine batteries (FZIBs) with four-electron redox exhibit inherent safety and high energy density for wearable electronics. Nevertheless, their practical implementations are hindered by unsatisfactory cycling stability and low realistic energy density, which is mainly caused by the severe H₂O-induced nucleophilic attack toward iodine species and poor zinc anode reversibility. Herein, we report a quaternary ammonium-mediated coordination strategy to simultaneously address the irreversible cathode/anode redox behavior and thus promote the electrochemical performance of four-electron FZIBs. The cationic choline ion (Ch⁺) induces the complexation with ICl₂⁻ via the electrostatic interaction, which thus homogenizes the electron cloud density and suppresses the irreversible hydrolysis of I⁺ species, enabling a reversible near-theoretical high capacity of 418.3 mAh g⁻¹. Meanwhile, the preferentially adsorbed Ch⁺ on the zinc anode surface creates positively charged shielding layers, effectively mitigating the tip effect caused by the localized electric field and thus achieving the robust zinc stripping/plating process. The enhanced cathode/anode reversibility and the improved interfacial stability thus enable stable FZIBs operation for over 20,000 cycles under 20.0 A g⁻¹. Moreover, the successful integration of FZIBs into electronic textiles with glucose and cardiac rhythm sensors demonstrates great potential for next-generation wearable electronics.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"69 7","pages":"4098 - 4107"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subnanowire-reinforced robust PVA hydrogel for multimodal wearable sensors enabling information transmission","authors":"Xifeng Ma \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yingshuo Xiong \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yanhui Wei \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yujing Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Meiwen Cao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Hongchao Ma \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-4006-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-4006-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrogels, despite their potential in flexible electronics and wearable sensors, often suffer from inadequate mechanical robustness under sustained loading. This study aims to overcome this limitation by developing a novel nanocomposite hydrogel system through the integration of calcium-polyoxometalate sub-nanometer wires (Ca-POM SNWs) into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. Utilizing a H₂O/ethylene glycol (EG) binary solvent, the hydrogel achieves uniform dispersion of Ca-POM SNWs, which enhances mechanical properties through dual reinforcement mechanisms: stress dissipation via polymer-mimetic flexibility and crystallinity improvement via hydrophobic ligand-induced chain alignment. The resulting PVA/Ca-POM hydrogel exhibits exceptional performance, including a 2.4-fold increase in fracture stress (0.85 MPa), 3.8-fold toughness enhancement (2.76 MJ m⁻³), and high ionic conductivity (3.6 S m⁻¹). As a strain sensor, it achieves a gauge factor of 2.56 with rapid response, enabling precise detection of both large joint movements and subtle physiological vibrations. A prototype Morse code communication system further demonstrates its potential in assistive healthcare technologies, facilitating barrier-free, real-time communication between disabled patients and clinicians. This work highlights a breakthrough in inorganic-organic interface compatibility, offering a versatile platform for next-generation wearable technologies and extreme-environment applications. The innovative design principles and multifunctional performance underscore its significance in advancing soft material engineering.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"69 7","pages":"4126 - 4139"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gd3+ synergistic sensitization in Tb3+-doped LBSO glasses: influence of cluster dispersion and energy transfer on luminescence and X-ray detection","authors":"Fazheng Huang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhenli Lin \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Qingyi Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Dongfeng Xue \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yan Yu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Ying Ding \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Lingyun Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-4025-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-4025-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gd³⁺-sensitized Tb³⁺-based glasses are high light-yield scintillators. Energy transfer sensitization between Gd³⁺ and Tb³⁺ is well-recognized. Gd³⁺ ions are also found to typically modulate the interionic distances of Tb³⁺ ions; however, the mechanism why this effect enhances the latter’s photo luminescence still remains unclear. This work focuses on Gd³⁺, Tb³⁺ co-doped La₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂ (LBSO), first demonstrating Tb³⁺ clusters via spectroscopy. LBSO’s optimal Tb³⁺ single-doping concentration is 37%, rising to 50% with 20%Gd³⁺. The LBSO:20%Gd³⁺,50%Tb³⁺ sample exhibits a 542 nm emission intensity 2.22 times that of the 37%Tb³⁺ single-doped sample, 38% scintillation efficiency (vs. BGO), and &gt; 20 lp mm⁻¹ X-ray resolution. The introduction of Gd³⁺ increases the interionic distance between Tb³⁺ ions within the clusters, thereby suppressing the concentration quenching effect and enhancing the fluorescence emission. We propose this mechanism as “cluster-dispersion sensitization effect”. This effect was further confirmed in other glass systems (LBSO:Lu³⁺, Tb³⁺, LBSO:Y³⁺, Tb³⁺, Bi-based:Lu³⁺, Tb³⁺, etc.). Spectroscopic analysis shows Gd³⁺-Tb³⁺ energy transfer efficiency up to 80%. In conclusion, Gd³⁺ synergistically enhances Tb³⁺ fluorescence via both effects. These findings not only fully elucidate the sensitization mechanism of Gd³⁺ ions in Gd³⁺, Tb³⁺ co-doped scintillating glasses but also provide new insights for researching the manipulation of activator ion clusters in luminescent materials. In search for novel scintillators, cluster-dispersion sensitization effect may greatly improve their spatial resolution via intrinsic artichtectures design in glasses, ceramics, thin films, and nanoparticles.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"69 7","pages":"3898 - 3909"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-defect engineering in halide nanocrystals enables synergistic photochromism and persistent luminescence for X-ray colorimetric imaging and dynamic anti-counterfeiting","authors":"Mingxing Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Pingping Fan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Wenwu You \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Shuanglai Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Shijia Yan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Huimin Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Huafang Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Gencai Pan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yanli Mao \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3999-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3999-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent years have witnessed growing research interest in two distinctive optical phenomena, photochromism (PhCh) and persistent luminescence (PersL). However, effectively integrating both functionalities into a single host material remains a major challenge, primarily due to the complex role defects play in modulating the material’s optical properties. To address this fundamental issue, this study employs structurally simple CsX (X = Cl, Br) nanocrystals (NCs) as a model system to systematically elucidate the relationship between defects and optical behaviors. We propose for the first time that CsX NCs can accommodate two distinct types of chlorine vacancy defects upon X-ray irradiation—one intrinsic from synthesis and one induced by X-rays—enabling the integration of PhCh and PersL in a single matrix. Specifically, under X-ray irradiation at 20–70 kV, the material exhibits reversible blue coloration, which stems from recoverable chlorine vacancies that can be rapidly eliminated by visible light within 30 s. This PhCh behavior demonstrates excellent cycling stability, with a color difference (ΔRL₁) of 56.9% and a recovery rate (ΔRL₂) of 98.1%. Furthermore, the introduction of Br⁻ effectively deepens the energy level of intrinsic chlorine vacancies from the range of 0.47 to 0.71 eV up to 0.83 eV, resulting in intense PersL that lasts for more than 30 min. Such dual-mode PhCh–PersL characteristics endow these NCs with considerable potential for practical applications, particularly in the field of X-ray colorimetric imaging and dynamic anti-counterfeiting.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"69 8","pages":"4585 - 4593"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving average electron population in quantum-dot emissive layer via core-shell ZnO@ZnMgO nanoparticles for QLEDs with efficiency exceeding 30%","authors":"Han Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Weipeng Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xiaosuo Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Leilei Zhao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Chenyang Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xiangtong Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Huaibin Shen \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-4063-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-4063-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are emerging as a leader in next-generation display technology. In principle, the efficiency of QLEDs is highly reliant on the radiative recombination rate of injected electrons and holes in the QD emissive layer. Within a solitary light-emitting cycle, a pre-negative-charged QD bursts into a fleeting sparkle upon encountering a hole, much like a lighted piston within a roaring engine. More pistons bring higher horsepower. The challenge of achieving highly efficient QLED lies in how to increase the number of pre-negatively charged QDs. To address these limitations, we developed a ZnO@ZnMgO core-shell nanoparticle (NP)-based electron transport layer (ETL). This design synergistically combines the high conductivity of ZnO core and the low defect density of the ZnMgO shell. Measured by electron-excited transient absorption, the average electron population (&lt;<i>N</i>_e&gt;) in the emissive layer for ZnO@ZnMgO and ZnMgO-based QLEDs was 0.61 and 0.33 at 4 V, respectively, which greatly increases the carrier recombination efficiency. As a result, green QLEDs achieve a peak EQE of 30.66%, maximum luminance of 1,615,039.85 cd/m², and a low turn-on voltage of approximately 2 V. The <i>T</i>₉₅ operational lifetime exceeded 29,000 h at 1,000 cd/m². Currently, all parameters are at the top level within the QLED region.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"69 8","pages":"4578 - 4584"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrocaloric devices for solid-state refrigeration: design strategies and applications","authors":"Rongju Zhong \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jikun Yang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Fei Han \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Chuanbao Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yang Bai \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-025-3983-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-025-3983-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Refrigeration is essential for modern society, supporting applications from household appliances and industrial manufacturing to microelectronics and biopharmaceutical cold chains. Conventional refrigeration technologies are constrained by environmental impact and low energy efficiency, emphasizing the importance of developing sustainable alternatives. Solid-state caloric refrigeration, particularly electrocaloric (EC) devices, offers a promising route owing to their high cooling efficiency, rapid electric-field-driven response, and potential for miniaturization. Significant progress has been achieved in various EC device configurations. However, EC devices still face challenges in achieving large temperature spans, high cooling power, and effective integration for specific applications. This review systematically summarizes these developments, focusing on device design and performance enhancement. It elucidates the fundamental and shared design strategies, classifies EC devices into fluid-based heat-transfer type, solid-based heat-transfer type, and thermal-resistance-modulated heat-switch architectures, and analyzes representative device structures, performance metrics, and application scenarios. Finally, energy-recovery strategies and future optimization directions toward more efficient EC systems are discussed. This work provides a comprehensive reference for the design innovation and practical implementation of EC-based solid-state refrigeration technologies.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"69 7","pages":"3715 - 3738"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}