{"title":"A kaleidoscopic hydrogel canvas for information encoding, encryption, and decryption via chemical-induced phase separation","authors":"Jun-Bo Hou \u0000 (, ), Yue Zhao \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3195-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3195-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Constructing an information storage or communication system, where countless pieces of information can be hidden like a canvas and revealed on demand through specific stimuli or decoding rules, is significant. In the present study, we developed a hydrogel canvas that leverages non-covalent interactions to induce phase separation in the polymer matrix, creating various “paintings”, including custom messages, using different chemical inks. Our strategy focuses on designing small molecule inks, with varying affinities with the hydrogel and specific responsiveness to stimuli, to achieve multiple changes such as color shifts, fluorescence emission, and dynamic optical image evolution. This skips the typical design approaches, such as incorporating responsive fluorophores into polymers for color emission through grafting or copolymerization, and thus avoids the complex processes involved in modifying and synthesizing functional polymers, along with the uncertainties in material properties that these processes bring.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 2","pages":"571 - 580"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yilin Zhao (, ), Bin Li (, ), Mian Zhong (, ), Hongyun Fan (, ), Zhongming Li (, ), Shuangqi Lyu (, ), Xiaoqing Xing (, ), Wenfeng Qin (, )
{"title":"Highly sensitive, wearable piezoresistive methylcellulose/chitosan@MXene aerogel sensor array for real-time monitoring of physiological signals of pilots","authors":"Yilin Zhao \u0000 (, ), Bin Li \u0000 (, ), Mian Zhong \u0000 (, ), Hongyun Fan \u0000 (, ), Zhongming Li \u0000 (, ), Shuangqi Lyu \u0000 (, ), Xiaoqing Xing \u0000 (, ), Wenfeng Qin \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3188-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3188-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sensors with enhanced biocompatibility, high sensitivity, and stable output have gained prominence with the rapid advancement of piezoresistive sensor technologies. However, conventional piezoresistive sensors struggle to balance sensitivity and output stability. Here, we fabricated synergistic methylcellulose/chitosan MXene-based (MC/CS@MXene) aerogels through physical blending and freeze-drying, emulating the hollow bamboo structure. The aerogels form synergistic interconnection via electrostatic adsorption and hydrogen bonding, endowing the aerogel-assembled resistive sensor with high sensitivity (2.90 kPa<sup>−1</sup>), exceptional mechanical stability (8000 compression cycles at 10 kPa), and rapid response and recovery times (119 and 91 ms, respectively). A piezoresistive sensor array based on MC/CS/@MXene shows considerable potential for human–computer interactions and wearable technologies. Furthermore, the sensor array can monitor real-time physiological signals of civil aviation pilots.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 2","pages":"542 - 551"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuhang Xiao (, ), Zisong Zhou (, ), Xinghai Pan (, ), Yanling Liu (, ), Hao Mei (, ), Haolun Wang (, ), Wei Pu (, )
{"title":"Biomimetic soft crawling robot with non-contact sensing for confined spaces","authors":"Yuhang Xiao \u0000 (, ), Zisong Zhou \u0000 (, ), Xinghai Pan \u0000 (, ), Yanling Liu \u0000 (, ), Hao Mei \u0000 (, ), Haolun Wang \u0000 (, ), Wei Pu \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3219-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3219-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Researchers have been inspired by the movement and sensory abilities of animals in recent years due to the idea of soft robotics. This has resulted in the creation of biomimetic soft robots, which incorporate traits like biological vision and tactile sensation for use in manipulation, obstacle avoidance, and path planning. The miniaturization of soft robots has become a key area of research. However, their small size has limited their single locomotion capabilities, preventing true functional integration akin to that of biological systems. Inspired by the movement and electro-sensory abilities of insects in nature, this research developed a compact and lightweight (900 mg) electrothermal-driven (ETA) soft robot equipped with capacitive non-contact sensing. The electrothermal PE/CNT/PI composite film actuator exhibits excellent mechanical properties and flexibility, achieving a maximum bending angle of 320° and demonstrating a load capacity of at least 5 times its own weight. The sensor component consists of 0.2 mm diameter silver wire, which detects the proximity of objects through changes in the edge electric field. The signal response is highly sensitive and can effectively identify obstacles of various diameters. Compared to other reported works, this soft robot focuses on detecting the external environment, possessing the ability to sense obstacles in narrow spaces and dimly lit conditions. It also utilizes the generation of sensor signal changes during motion to obtain information about its own posture. This provides a new approach and basis for future applications in complex environments.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 2","pages":"531 - 541"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hong-Xia Fan (, ), Tao Liu (, ), Liang-Fen Zhen (, ), Antony Rajendran, Jie Feng (, ), Wen-Ying Li (, )
{"title":"Evaluating the role of oxygen vacancies in CO2 photothermal catalytic reduction to methanol over 2D Bi2WO6","authors":"Hong-Xia Fan \u0000 (, ), Tao Liu \u0000 (, ), Liang-Fen Zhen \u0000 (, ), Antony Rajendran, Jie Feng \u0000 (, ), Wen-Ying Li \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3199-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3199-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oxygen vacancies play a vital role in the adsorption, activation, and subsequent reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to methanol. This work presents the preparation of two-dimensional Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub> nanosheets with different oxygen vacancy concentrations (BWO-OV1, BWO-OV2, and BWO-OV3) and the evaluation of their catalytic activity in the photothermal catalytic reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to methanol. The oxygen vacancy concentration has played a decisive role in controlling the methanol yield. The BWO-OV2 catalyst with the highest oxygen vacancy concentration (13.9%) accomplishes the maximum methanol yield (82.45 µmol/(g h)). This is because the oxygen vacancies enhance the adsorption and activation of CO<sub>2</sub> in the form of CO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>, broaden the light adsorption range, and promote light-induced charge carrier separation. Also, BWO-OV2 exhibits 1.91 and 3.28 times higher catalytic activity in CO<sub>2</sub> reduction while being used under photothermal catalytic conditions than being employed under photocatalytic and thermal catalytic conditions, respectively. In line with the <i>in-situ</i> Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and computational analysis, the external heat indiscriminately promotes the adsorption and further conversion of all involved intermediates but the light irradiation selectively enhances the adsorption of CO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>, HCOO*, and CH<sub>3</sub>O* species. The findings of the present work might provide key mechanistic insights into understanding the role of thermal and light irradiation in photothermal catalysis.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 2","pages":"464 - 471"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao Sun (, ), Xiaohong Wang (, ), Bingjie Wu (, ), Qianhong Yang (, ), Congxiao Zhu (, ), Huimin Zhang (, ), Qian Li (, ), Hongru Zhou (, ), Minghui Guo (, ), Lin Gui (, ), Lei Li (, )
{"title":"A biomimetic magnetically responsive scaffold with tunable and stable compression for dynamic 3D cell culture","authors":"Xiao Sun \u0000 (, ), Xiaohong Wang \u0000 (, ), Bingjie Wu \u0000 (, ), Qianhong Yang \u0000 (, ), Congxiao Zhu \u0000 (, ), Huimin Zhang \u0000 (, ), Qian Li \u0000 (, ), Hongru Zhou \u0000 (, ), Minghui Guo \u0000 (, ), Lin Gui \u0000 (, ), Lei Li \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3216-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3216-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Magnetically responsive scaffolds are extensively utilized in tissue engineering for their ability to simulate dynamic three-dimensional (3D) cell microenvironment in a rapid, reversible, and contactless manner. However, existing magnetic scaffolds struggle to provide tunable dynamic compression comparable to natural tissues due to the weak magnetism of magnetic nanoparticles and the mechanical brittleness of hydrogels. Here, we propose a biomimetic 3D magnetic scaffold offering tunable and stable magnetically induced compression for dynamic 3D cell culture. By employing hard magnetic particles NdFeB@SiO<sub>2</sub> and a mechanically stable elastomer, Ecoflex, the scaffold achieves 15% compression in the magnetic field (240 mT). Moreover, this magnetic scaffold demonstrates remarkable deformation and mechanical stability during 4000 compression cycles. The magnetic scaffold exhibits stiffness (0.78 kPa) and viscoelasticity (relaxation time of 17 s) similar to adipose tissue. Notably, it is verified that human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are successfully cultured in this magnetic scaffold and the proliferation of hADSCs can be modulated by magnetically induced dynamic compression. This magnetic scaffold for dynamic 3D cell culture can be potentially utilized in cell biology and tissue engineering.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 2","pages":"652 - 665"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiuling Tao (, ), JinXin Yu (, ), Xiangyu Mu (, ), Xue Jia (, ), Rongpei Shi (, ), Zhifu Yao (, ), Cuiping Wang (, ), Haijun Zhang (, ), Xingjun Liu (, )
{"title":"Machine learning strategies for small sample size in materials science","authors":"Qiuling Tao \u0000 (, ), JinXin Yu \u0000 (, ), Xiangyu Mu \u0000 (, ), Xue Jia \u0000 (, ), Rongpei Shi \u0000 (, ), Zhifu Yao \u0000 (, ), Cuiping Wang \u0000 (, ), Haijun Zhang \u0000 (, ), Xingjun Liu \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3204-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3204-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Machine learning (ML) has been widely used to design and develop new materials owing to its low computational cost and powerful predictive capabilities. In recent years, the shortcomings of ML in materials science have gradually emerged, with a primary concern being the scarcity of data. It is challenging to build reliable and accurate ML models using limited data. Moreover, the small sample size problem will remain long-standing in materials science because of the slow accumulation of material data. Therefore, it is important to review and categorize strategies for small-sample learning for the development of ML in materials science. This review systematically sorts the research progress of small-sample learning strategies in materials science, including ensemble learning, unsupervised learning, active learning, and transfer learning. The directions for future research are proposed, including few-shot learning, and virtual sample generation. More importantly, we emphasize the significance of embedding material domain knowledge into ML and elaborate on the basic idea for implementing this strategy.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 2","pages":"387 - 405"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ling Wang (, ), Qing Lou (, ), Haixia Qian (, ), Xiaoshuang Yin (, ), Ying Liu (, ), Wenzhong Yang (, ), Hui Xu (, )
{"title":"ZnCdS-BiFeO3 heterojunction loaded with cobalt catalyst boosting photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution","authors":"Ling Wang \u0000 (, ), Qing Lou \u0000 (, ), Haixia Qian \u0000 (, ), Xiaoshuang Yin \u0000 (, ), Ying Liu \u0000 (, ), Wenzhong Yang \u0000 (, ), Hui Xu \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3215-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3215-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The advancement of a Z-scheme photoelectrochemical (PEC) system for hydrogen production and water splitting holds significant promise in addressing the escalating global energy crisis. In this study, a ternary Co-ZnCdS-BiFeO<sub>3</sub> Z-scheme composite photocatalyst was used. By optimizing the ratio of BiFeO<sub>3</sub>/ZnCdS, the photocatalytic activity of the material is enhanced, while enhancing the electron transfer efficiency and strengthening the stability of the photoelectric cathode. The Co(dmgBF<sub>2</sub>)2(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub> was selected as the co-catalyst to further improve the electron-hole separation efficiency and photocorrosion resistance. Under visible light irradiation, the hydrogen production rate of the PEC system can reach 4.03 mmol g<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>. Under optimal conditions, applying a bias voltage of −0.1 V vs. RHE can produce −38.5 µA cm<sup>−2</sup>. The photocatalytic current density of is as high as 13 times that of pure ZnCdS, greatly improving the hydrogen production efficiency and stability of the photocatalyst. The study offers a novel benchmark for the development of a high efficiency Z-scheme photocatalyst designed for water splitting and provides new insights into intrinsic resistance through PEC analyses.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 2","pages":"483 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiangtong Su (, ), Peixian Li (, ), Zhe Liu (, ), Zifeng Liu (, ), Xiaoqi Hou (, ), Junli Duan (, ), Ning Dai (, ), Yang Li (, )
{"title":"Influence of acetic acid on the morphology of indium oxide nanocrystals and the associated plasmonic properties","authors":"Jiangtong Su \u0000 (, ), Peixian Li \u0000 (, ), Zhe Liu \u0000 (, ), Zifeng Liu \u0000 (, ), Xiaoqi Hou \u0000 (, ), Junli Duan \u0000 (, ), Ning Dai \u0000 (, ), Yang Li \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3203-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3203-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Synthetic control of metal oxide nanocrystals with precise size and morphology is of great importance for promising optoelectronic applications due to their unique size- and shape-dependent optical/optoelectronic properties. Nevertheless, the understanding of the mechanism for size and morphology control of metal oxide nanocrystals are less studied. Here, we demonstrate that acetic acid, the byproduct of the initial chemical reaction of precursors, plays a dominate role in determining the morphology of indium oxide (In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) nanocrystals by influencing the nucleation of the nanocrystals formation. Sufficient acetic acid would induce anisotropic growth, leading to the generation of nanoflowers, while limited existence of acetic acid results in sphere-shaped nanocrystals. Furthermore, the effects of geometries of In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocrystals on their plasmonic properties are studied. The resulting plasmonic In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocrystals show size-tunable plasmon resonance peaks in the near-infrared to mid-infrared regime and outstanding air/thermal stability. Our work shall give an in-depth understanding of the mechanism for geometry control of nanocrystals and offer more opportunities in potential optoelectronic and photothermal applications based on plasmonic metal oxide nanocrystals.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 2","pages":"432 - 440"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40843-024-3203-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jin Chai (, ), Changzhen Qu (, ), Kunpeng Li (, ), Jiaheng Liang (, ), Qian Zhou (, ), Rong Zhuang (, ), Shuo Wang (, ), Fei Xu (, ), Qingyan Jia (, ), Peng Li (, )
{"title":"Yolk–shell Au@carbon nanospheres with photothermal and electron-plunder sterilization for infected wound healing","authors":"Jin Chai \u0000 (, ), Changzhen Qu \u0000 (, ), Kunpeng Li \u0000 (, ), Jiaheng Liang \u0000 (, ), Qian Zhou \u0000 (, ), Rong Zhuang \u0000 (, ), Shuo Wang \u0000 (, ), Fei Xu \u0000 (, ), Qingyan Jia \u0000 (, ), Peng Li \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3151-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3151-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Highly pathogenic-resistant bacteria infections seriously hinder the wound healing process and induce a catastrophic threat to human health. Incorporating multiple antibacterial strategies into nanostructured materials has been verified to possess paramount promise for ameliorating therapeutic efficiency against resistant bacteria. Herein, a multifunctional yolk–shell nanocomposite (Au@HCN) comprised of an aurum (Au) core and hollow carbon nanosphere (HCN) shell was prepared via one-step copolymerization and carbonization. The electron plunder by Au@HCN on the bacterial membrane leads to bacterial membrane depolarization and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, resulting in remarkable efficacy against drug-resistant bacteria under dark conditions. Moreover, the synergetic photothermal therapy (PTT) displayed significant antibacterial properties (∼98%) when exposed to near-infrared (NIR) irradiation <i>in vitro</i>. Meanwhile, efficient eradication of drug-resistant bacteria in the infected wound <i>in vivo</i> was observed under NIR exposure, thereby promoting wound healing through the prominent antibacterial properties of Au@HCN. The yolk–shell Au@HCN possesses tremendous potential for combating multidrug resistance with high efficiency.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 2","pages":"597 - 609"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qing Li (, ), Yingying Wang (, ), Tao Pan (, ), Yuanyuan Zhu (, ), Huan Pang (, )
{"title":"Ni-based electrocatalysts for urea oxidation reaction: mechanism, catalyst design strategies and future perspectives","authors":"Qing Li \u0000 (, ), Yingying Wang \u0000 (, ), Tao Pan \u0000 (, ), Yuanyuan Zhu \u0000 (, ), Huan Pang \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3207-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3207-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Untreated urea-rich wastewater exerts severe adverse impacts on both the environment and human health, prompting extensive attention towards the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) as a sustainable technology to generate clean energy in recent years. UOR has a thermodynamic advantage over oxygen evolution reaction (OER) (1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE) and only requires 0.37 V (vs RHE), which is considered as an effective alternative to H<sub>2</sub> production by water electrolysis. However, the inevitable kinetic slowness and complex adsorption/desorption during process, hindering its practical application. Most traditional catalysts utilized for the UOR are comprised of precious metals, resulting in limited economic viability. Inspired by natural ureases, Ni-based catalysts have emerged as promising alternatives owing to their rich deposits, low cost, and the regulated d orbitals of transition metal Ni, demonstrating considerable potential for UOR. Currently, numerous studies have explored Ni-based hydroxides, oxides, chalcogenides, and phosphides in alkaline solutions. In this review, we will explore the UOR reaction mechanism and summarize the catalyst design strategies of various Ni-based catalysts recently, especially Ni-MOF, which has been rarely discussed before. Then, the broad prospects of UOR in practical applications are summarized. Finally, based on the design strategies and performance comparisons discussed above, the challenges and prospects facing the future development of Ni-based electrocatalysts for the UOR will be presented.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 2","pages":"317 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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