Science China Materials最新文献

{"title":"Achievements, challenges and opportunities in hydrogen production from water/seawater splitting using boron-based materials","authors":"Yiran Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yang Xu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Qi Zhou \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Junjun Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xinyi Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhenwei Zhao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhicheng Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3201-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3201-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water splitting is recognized as an environmentally friendly and feasible method to produce hydrogen. However, the high cost, low storage capacity, and poor stability of traditional noble metal-based electrocatalysts have severely limited the industrial application of electrocatalytic water splitting. The utilization of seawater splitting not only facilitates the production of high-purity hydrogen on a large scale but also concurrently promotes the desalination process. Over the past decades, transition metal borides (TMBs) have been widely used in the field of water splitting due to the advantages of simple preparation process, good stability, and easily adjustable composition. This review summarizes the recent progress of TMBs in the electrolysis of water and sea-water. Firstly, the influencing factors of electrocatalytic performance and related evaluations are introduced. The basic principles of hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and chlorine evolution reaction in seawater electrolysis are discussed in detail, pointing out the various problems caused by chloride ions (Cl⁻) in the process of hydrogen production from seawater splitting. In addition, the preparation and optimization strategies of TMBs are emphasized. Finally, the development, challenges, and prospects of electrolytic seawater hydrogen production technology are presented. This review aims to furnish deeper insights into enhancing the electrocatalytic performance of TMBs in this critical area of research.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 2","pages":"341 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2 adsorption and activation on p-block catalyst Ga2O3","authors":"Zhizhuang Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xiaoxu Kuang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Baowen Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Chenghua Sun \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Rong Tu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Song Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3184-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3184-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The fixation and conversion of CO₂ from medium- and high-temperature industrial exhaust gases are scientifically important and challenging tasks owing to the harsh conditions required. Ga₂O₃, a stable <i>p</i>-block compound, is surprisingly active in the thermal conversion of hot CO₂ waste gas, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated CO₂ adsorption and activation across 11 different Ga₂O₃-terminated faces using density functional theory. Charge transfer and chemical bond analyses revealed the occurrence of two distinct activation mechanisms involving synchronous electron gain and loss, driven by a strong synergetic effect between Ga cations and O anions on the substrate surface. This Ga-O synergy enhances the CO₂ activation efficiency compared with single active sites, with CO₂^δ+ cation more readily capturing H atom than CO₂^δ−. To the best of our knowledge, such a dual activation mechanism has not been reported before, particularly for <i>p</i>-block catalysts. Our findings provide new insights into the direct catalytic conversion of CO₂ emissions and offer strategies for the rational design of industrial-grade catalysts for medium- and high-temperature CO₂ tail gas conversion.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 2","pages":"590 - 596"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injectable chitosan microspheres resisting inflammatory and oxidative stress for ameliorating intervertebral disc degeneration","authors":"Lin Huang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Wantao Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Lei Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Wenzheng Ma \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jinghao Fan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Dan Zhou \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Lei Zhao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhaomin Zheng \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Hongmei Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Decheng Wu \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3153-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3153-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The treatment of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration remains a significant challenge due to the unique ischemic structure of the IVD, which comprises the scavenging of inflammatory cytokines, alleviation of cellular oxidative stress responses, restoration of nuclei pulposus (NP) cell viability, and recovery of IVD biomechanical function. Herein, we developed an injectable microsphere (CS-MnO₂@PC) by incorporating chitosan microspheres (CS) with manganese dioxide (MnO₂) nanozymes and celecoxib encapsulated in Pluronic F-127 (PC) nanosized micelles, via <i>in situ</i> redox or Schiff base reaction. The hybrid carrier demonstrates robust capabilities in scavenging free radicals, alleviating extracellular oxidative stress, and reducing inflammatory cytokines in NP cells, as evidenced by RT-qPCR and immuno-fluorescence staining assays. <i>In vivo</i> evaluations further indicate that this hybrid carrier helps preserve NP hydration and the lamellar structure of the annulus fibrosus (AF), as confirmed by radiological analysis and histological staining evaluations. These injectable chitosan microspheres, combining nanozymes and nanosized drug micelles, represent a promising therapeutic strategy for degenerative IVD.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 2","pages":"610 - 625"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cadmium alloying on solution-processed CZTSSe solar cells: morphology, band alignment and efficiency improvement","authors":"Yuanyuan Zheng \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Chunxu Xiang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yuancai Gong \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yize Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Shiliang Xiao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Haoyu Guo \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Chengfeng Ma \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Shaoying Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Weibo Yan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Wei Huang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Hao Xin \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3212-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3212-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Kesterite Cu₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ (CZTSSe) thin-film solar cells are considered promising candidates for sustainable photovoltaic applications due to their high theoretical efficiency and the abundance of low-toxicity elements. However, their performance is hindered by Cu_Zn antisite defects and associated defect clusters, which contribute to harmful band tailing and non-radiative recombination. Substituting Zn with Cd, which has a larger ionic radius, has been shown to effectively suppress non-radiative recombination, achieving efficiencies of up to 11.73%. However, the effect of Cd alloying on absorber morphology, electronic properties, and device performance has not yet been fully explored. In this work, using the Cu⁺-Sn⁴⁺-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution as a platform, we have successfully incorporated Cd²⁺ into the lattice of CZTSSe across the full concentration range, enabling a systematic investigation of the Cd alloying effect. The results show that Cd alloying promotes grain growth, resulting in a flat and compact film at low concentration, but excessive grain growth at high concentration. Furthermore, low Cd content inhibits lattice disorder, thereby reducing band tailing. Incorporation of Cd is found to linearly reduce the band gap by raising the valence band maximum and lowering the conduction band minimum, which increases the conduction band offset (CBO) at the heterojunction, but the CBO remains a relatively ideal value (&lt;0.3 eV) at low Cd content (&lt;50%). Notably, the 5% Cd alloyed CZTSSe solar cell achieved 13.31% efficiency without an anti-reflective coating, owing to the improved film properties, ideal CBO (&lt;0.24 eV), and suppressed interface recombination. This represents an over 7.0% improvement compared to the intrinsic device performance without Cd alloying. However, high-concentration Cd alloying can damage the absorber, leading to void formation within the grains and the crystal structure transition from kesterite to stannite at 50% Cd, resulting in significant device performance degradation.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 2","pages":"523 - 530"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing memristor performance with 2D SnOx/SnS2 heterostructure for neuromorphic computing","authors":"Yangwu Wu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Sifan Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yun Ji \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhengjin Weng \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Houying Xing \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Lester Arauz,&nbsp;Travis Hu,&nbsp;Jinhua Hong \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Kah-Wee Ang,&nbsp;Song Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3208-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3208-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Layered metal dichalcogenides (LMDs) neuromorphic memristor devices offer a promising alternative to conventional von Neumann architectures, addressing speed and energy efficiency constraints. However, challenges remain in controlling resistive switching and operating voltage in crystalline LMD memristors due to environmental stabilization issues, which hinder neural network hardware development. Herein, we introduce an optimization method for memristor operation by controlling oxidation through ozone treatment, creating a SnO_<i>x</i>/SnS₂ resistive layer. These optimized memristors demonstrate low switching voltages (∼1 V), rapid switching speeds (∼20 ns), high switching ratios (10²), and the ability to emulate synaptic weight plasticity. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy identified defects and Ti conductive filaments in the resistive switching layer, contributing to uniform switching and minimized operating variation. The device achieved 90% accuracy in MNIST handwritten recognition, and hardware-based image convolution was successfully implemented, showcasing the potential of SnO_<i>x</i>/SnS₂ memristors for neuromorphic applications.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 2","pages":"581 - 589"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bamboo-like amorphous Ni(OH)2 nanotubes wrapped Cu nanoparticles with a confined geometry for CO2 electroreduction to ethane in a flow cell","authors":"Xiangyu Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Weipei Sun \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Peng Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Tian Sheng \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Feng Gao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhengcui Wu \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3200-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3200-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It has made significant progress in catalyst and reactor design for commercial current densities in CO₂ electroreduction (CO₂ER). However, these catalyst systems have rarely been applied for a C₂ gas product of ethane due to its commonly inferior selectivity relative to other C₁ and C₂ products. Herein, bamboo-like amorphous Ni(OH)₂ nanotubes wrapped Cu nanoparticles composite (Cu NPs@a-Ni(OH)₂ NTs) is constructed for selective CO₂ER to ethane in a flow cell. The unique Cu NPs@a-Ni(OH)₂ NTs structure provides a confined geometry to improve the adsorption of the reactive species. The interface of Cu NPs and a-Ni(OH)₂ NTs is stabilized by generating some NiOH species. The produced Cu@NiOH interface enhances the activation of CO₂ to *C*OOH and strengthens the adsorption of *CO_L on Cu site for more *COH formation and its dimerization for final ethane production. Meanwhile, amorphous Ni(OH)₂ nanotubes promote water dissociation for the hydrogenation of carbonous intermediates, contributing to ethane production. The synthesized Cu NPs@a-Ni(OH)₂ NTs can reach a Faradaic efficiency of 48.3% and a partial current density of −226.7 mA cm⁻² for ethane at −0.7 V in a flow cell, with a remarkable stability for 24 h. This work provides a rational strategy to engineer Cu-based composite for selective CO₂ER to ethane in a flow cell.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 2","pages":"455 - 463"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40843-024-3200-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual-excitation-driven full-component-responsive lanthanide-based metal-organic framework for switchable profiling of multi-disease markers","authors":"Guoli Chen \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Bin Dai \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Ji-Na Hao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yongsheng Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3214-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3214-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate detection of multiple small end-metabolic biomarkers is more sensitive than large biomolecules to provide real-time feedbacks of physiological/pathological state, but is more challenging due to lack of specific identifying groups. Current optical platforms suffer from unsatisfactory resolutions to differentiate each target because they produce similar output to different targets using a single excitation, and inevitably involve non-functional components that increase chances of interacting with non-target molecules. Herein, by taking full advantage of each building unit’s functionality to integrate multivariate recognition elements in one interface, a dual-excitation-driven full-component-responsive metal-organic framework (MOF)-based luminescent probe, namely CeTMA-TMA-Eu, is successfully custom-tailored for detecting both pseudouridine (ψ) and <i>N</i>-acetylaspartate (NAA), the diagnostic hallmarks of cancer and neurodegenerative disorder. Remarkably, ψ interacts with MOF’s organic building unit (trimesic acid, TMA) and filters out its absorptions of 262 nm-light to reduce its energy transferred to Eu³⁺, while NAA induces the valence transition of Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ nodes to improve the cooperative energy transfer efficacy from TMA and Ce³⁺ to Eu³⁺. As a result, this platform exhibits completely reverse photoresponses towards ψ (“switch-off” at 262 nm excitation) and NAA (“switch-on” upon 296 nm excitation), and demonstrates excellent selectivity and sensitivity in complex biofluids, with low detection limits of 0.16 and 0.15 µM, and wide linear ranges of 0–180 and 0–100 µM, respectively. Such full-component-responsive probe with dual-excitation-mediated reverse responses for multi-small targets intrinsically minimizes its interaction with non-target molecules and amplifies resolution to discriminate each target, providing a new strategy for improving assay accuracy of multi-small biomarkers in diagnostics.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 2","pages":"666 - 676"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charge-redistribution in bimetallic oxides buried in microporous curled carbon for efficient nitrate electroreduction to ammonia","authors":"Lituo Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Hongliang Dong \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Sina Huang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Nana Gao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Leiqian Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Li-Ming Yang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jingwen Ba \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Johan Hofkens,&nbsp;Markus Antonietti,&nbsp;Tianxi Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Feili Lai \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhihong Tian \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3198-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3198-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrochemical reduction from nitrate into ammonia is a chance for nitrate removal from drinking water, while at higher concentrations, this 8-electron reduction process could even become relevant for energy storage, high conversions and low onset potentials assumed. Herein, we report the synthesis and analysis of a NiFe₂O₄/C-MS hybrid system made by a molten-salt strategy where the Ni-Fe oxide spinel nanoparticles act as the active center for electrochemical nitrate (NO₃⁻) reduction reaction, while the microporous carbon serves as a conductive support to form a cohesive electrode material. The NiFe₂O₄/C-MS catalyst achieves a maximum NH₃ yield rate of 5.4 mg mg_cat⁻¹ h⁻¹ and Faradaic efficiency of 98% at −0.6 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. With NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles buried into microporous carbon, the onset potential decreases dramatically. We propose that this reduction originates from charge redistribution in NiFe₂O₄ in the electronic heterojunction with carbon, while enhanced electrolyte diffusion in microporous carbon facilitates high conversion rates. Density functional theory calculations clarify the low energy barrier on NiFe₂O₄, highlighting the essential role of Ni in activating Fe species. The COMSOL Multiphysics simulations demonstrate that the microporous curled carbon accelerates NO₃⁻ transport and enhances adsorption on the reactive sites. This work offers insights for designing carbon-based nanocomposites for efficient nitrate reduction electrocatalysis.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 2","pages":"472 - 482"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-performance visible-infrared broadband transparent copper mesh conductor and applications for electromagnetic shielding and heating","authors":"Tengfei Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xiaolian Chen \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhaohua Xu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Shuhong Nie \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Wenya Xu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Wei Yuan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Su Xu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Shuo Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Fangfang Pei \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Wenming Su \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zheng Cui \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3186-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3186-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transparent conductors (TCs) have widespread applications in the fields of modern photodetectors and smart windows. While TCs for visible wavelengths have seen significant advancements, the development of visible-infrared (vis-IR) broadband TCs for infrared is still a daunting challenge due to the trade-off between infrared transparency and conductivity. Here, we present a vis-IR TC fabricated by using a damage-free indirect transfer method. This method involves polymer-mediated bonding of a high-resolution, standalone copper (Cu) mesh onto infrared or visible substrates via a transfer film. The obtained Cu mesh TC exhibits excellent conductivity with a sheet resistance as low as 0.06 Ω/□, as well as 81% transmittance at a visible wavelength of 550 nm and 65% transmittance at an IR wavelength of 10 µm. Furthermore, a specially developed bonding strategy ensures the long-term reliability of the Cu mesh TC in harsh environments. The Cu mesh TC can be applied in both heating and electromagnetic (EM) shielding. As a transparent heater, it reaches approximately 100°C at an applied voltage of 1.2 V within 100 s. For EM shielding, a demonstration using a stainless-steel box with a transparent observation window which is integrated with the Cu mesh shows that while the window allows both optical and IR observations, the 4G signals (8.2 GHz) of a smartphone inside the box are effectively blocked.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 2","pages":"421 - 431"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-temperature evolution processes of exciplex states in the TBRb/C60 planar-heterojunction OLEDs via in-situ heating","authors":"Hongqiang Zhu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Kaihui Yin \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zebang Wu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Lei Luo \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Weiyao Jia \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xi Zhao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jing Chen \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Song Yang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yingfei Yi \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yun Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zuhong Xiong \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-3192-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40843-024-3192-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Magneto-conductance (MC) was used as a fingerprint detection tool to contactlessly visualize high-temperature evolution processes of exciplex (EX) states in the TBRb/C₆₀ planar-heterojunction (PHJ) organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Specifically, MC was used to contactlessly observe at room temperature around 300 K. The reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process from triplet to singlet EX states (EX₃→ EX₁) in the device at 300 K is observed for the first time from the TBRb/C₆₀ PHJ-OLED. The device shows a half-band-gap turn-on photoelectric characteristics. Temperature-dependent MC traces of the device present an interesting conversion from RISC to triplet-charge annihilation (TQA) process between EX₃ and charge carriers (T₁ + <i>q</i> → <i>e</i> + <i>h</i> + <i>q</i>′) after the device temperature increasing from 300 to 425 K via <i>in-situ</i> heating. By comprehensively analyzing MC traces, current-voltage characteristic curves, transient electroluminescence spectra, and optical microscopy images of the device and atomic force microscopy images of the TBRb film, we find that the increase of temperature destroys the molecule structures of organic materials, which leads to the generation of many traps inside the organic semiconductor films comprising the TBRb/C₆₀ PHJ-OLED. These traps will capture polaron-pairs, EX, and exciton states and then affect their interactions, which finally induces the changes of MC traces. This work not only deepens understandings of high-temperature evolution processes of polaron-pairs, EX, and exciton states in the TBRb/C₆₀ PHJ devices, but also provides a new method to study the microscopic mechanisms in OLED operating in high temperature environment.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":773,"journal":{"name":"Science China Materials","volume":"68 2","pages":"413 - 420"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}