Electrolyte additives for extending the operational temperature range of rechargeable lithium batteries

IF 7.4 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Science China Materials Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI:10.1007/s40843-025-3514-3

Bingxin Zhou (, ), Zhuo Yang (, ), Quan Zhang (, ), Baizeng Fang (, ), David P. Wilkinson, Jiujun Zhang (, ), Zhonghao Rao (, )

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Abstract

Rechargeable lithium batteries (LBs) that can withstand extreme temperatures (high and low, HT/LT) are essential for achieving carbon neutrality. However, the operational reliability of current LBs deteriorates significantly when exposed to these conditions. Electrolyte additives characterized by a small dosage, low cost, and minimal reduction in energy density have been shown to mitigate thermal challenges effectively by regulating interfaces and enhancing ion transport. This review systematically examines the failure mechanisms of electrolytes under HT/LT conditions, including thermally driven side reactions, sluggish ion migration and the formation of an unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). State-of-the-art additives are classified and their working mechanisms, functions, advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Design principles for advanced additives are proposed, emphasizing the synergistic optimization of oxidative stability at HT and ion mobility at LT. Although these strategies are tailored to lithium-based systems, they offer transferable insights for other metal-based batteries (e.g., sodium/potassium) that struggle with temperature-dependent performance degradation.

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用于延长可充电锂电池工作温度范围的电解质添加剂

能够承受极端温度（高温和低温，高温/低温）的可充电锂电池（LBs）对于实现碳中和至关重要。然而，当暴露在这些条件下时，当前LBs的运行可靠性显着恶化。电解质添加剂具有小剂量、低成本和最小能量密度降低的特点，通过调节界面和增强离子传输有效地缓解了热挑战。本文系统地研究了高温/低温条件下电解质的失效机制，包括热驱动的副反应、缓慢的离子迁移和不稳定固体电解质界面（SEI）的形成。对现有添加剂进行了分类，并对其工作机理、功能、优缺点进行了分析。提出了先进添加剂的设计原则，强调高温下氧化稳定性和低温下离子迁移率的协同优化。尽管这些策略是针对锂基系统量身定制的，但它们为其他金属基电池（例如钠/钾）提供了可转移的见解，这些电池与温度相关的性能退化作斗争。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Science China Materials Materials Science-General Materials Science

CiteScore

11.40

自引率

7.40%

发文量

949

期刊介绍： Science China Materials (SCM) is a globally peer-reviewed journal that covers all facets of materials science. It is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and co-sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The journal is jointly published monthly in both printed and electronic forms by Science China Press and Springer. The aim of SCM is to encourage communication of high-quality, innovative research results at the cutting-edge interface of materials science with chemistry, physics, biology, and engineering. It focuses on breakthroughs from around the world and aims to become a world-leading academic journal for materials science.