Reports (MDPI)最新文献

{"title":"Mucoid Degeneration of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Treated with Selective Arthroscopic Debridement: A Case Report with 54-Month Follow-Up.","authors":"Hassan Zmerly, Federica Dellafiore, Silvio Caravelli, Massimiliano Mosca, Luigi Di Lorenzo","doi":"10.3390/reports9040324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reports9040324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Clinical Significance:</b> Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) mucoid degeneration is a rare, non-traumatic condition characterized by the deposition of mucoid material within the ligament, resulting in hypertrophy and potential impingement against surrounding intra-articular structures; <b>Case Presentation:</b> A 43-year-old man presented with knee pain, swelling, and restricted range of motion. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated mucoid degeneration of the ACL associated with mild articular degenerative changes, without evidence of a meniscal tear. Following the failure of conservative management, the patient underwent knee arthroscopy. Intraoperative findings revealed an enlarged ACL with impingement against the intercondylar notch and the lateral femoral condyle. The patient was treated with arthroscopic ACL debridement, which resulted in adequate decompression. At the 54-month follow-up, the patient remained pain-free, had regained full range of motion, and showed no clinical instability. The Lysholm score improved from 41 preoperatively to 95 postoperatively; <b>Conclusions:</b> Mucoid degeneration of the ACL is a rare but important cause of knee pain and restricted range of motion. When conservative treatment fails, arthroscopic management can provide symptom resolution and restore range of motion. However, careful preservation of healthy ACL fibers during debridement is a key technical consideration for achieving symptom relief while maintaining ligament function and knee stability. This case suggests that selective arthroscopic debridement may provide sustained symptom relief while preserving ACL stability in patients with isolated symptomatic mucoid degeneration, with favorable outcomes maintained at long-term follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":74664,"journal":{"name":"Reports (MDPI)","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13692489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149278409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRI Findings Suggestive of Trigeminal and Vestibulocochlear Nerve Involvement in Miller Fisher Syndrome.","authors":"Ayuhei Nako, Koji Hayashi, Mamiko Sato, Hiroaki Maeda, Yasutaka Kobayashi","doi":"10.3390/reports9040325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reports9040325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) is a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome characterized by a triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia, typically associated with anti-GQ1b antibodies. While cranial nerve enhancement is sometimes seen on high-resolution MRI, involvement of the trigeminal (CN V) and vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) nerves is rare. We report a 62-year-old woman presenting with diplopia, preceded by ophthalmalgia, nasal congestion, and vertigo. Neurological assessment revealed right-sided ptosis, total ophthalmoplegia, sluggish pupillary reflexes, diplopia without nystagmus, bilateral limb ataxia, hyporeflexia, and impaired vibration and joint-position sensation. Serology was positive for anti-GQ1b antibodies. Contrast-enhanced MRI demonstrated signal changes suggestive of CN V and CN VIII involvement. Although cerebrospinal fluid showed no albuminocytologic dissociation, she was diagnosed with MFS. She received immunotherapy, including intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. While her vertigo, ophthalmalgia and ataxia significantly improved, ophthalmoplegia persisted. The patient was discharged on hospitalization day 44 with residual ocular motility deficits. In this patient, orbital pain with cranial autonomic features (ocular pain, nasal congestion) and vertigo of uncertain localization acted as misleading early signs. This case illustrates an unusual MFS presentation where prodromal CN V and VIII symptoms preceded classic features, highlighting the need for careful clinical evaluation when sensory and vestibular symptoms precede classic features.</p>","PeriodicalId":74664,"journal":{"name":"Reports (MDPI)","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13692524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149278388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circumscribed Meningeal Melanocytoma of the Craniovertebral Junction: A Case Report and Focused Literature Review.","authors":"Maciej Laskowski, Piotr Paździora, Łukasz Antkowiak, Jan Herzyk, Anna Zioła-Paździora, Maciej Wojtacha","doi":"10.3390/reports9040323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reports9040323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Clinical Significance:</b> Meningeal melanocytoma is an exceptionally rare, typically benign melanocytic tumor of the central nervous system. Its clinical management becomes particularly challenging when located at the craniovertebral junction, where proximity to critical neurovascular structures limits the extent of safe surgical resection. Due to its rarity and complex anatomical location, each case contributes valuable insight into optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. We report a case of circumscribed meningeal melanocytoma arising at the craniovertebral junction and provide a focused review of previously reported cases, with particular emphasis on clinical presentation, radiological characteristics, surgical challenges, treatment strategies, and outcomes; <b>Case Presentation:</b> A 65-year-old Caucasian woman presented with progressive binocular diplopia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed two contrast-enhancing extra-axial lesions at the level of the foramen magnum, with one dominant mass. The patient underwent near-total microsurgical resection of the dominant lesion under intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of meningeal melanocytoma. In the postoperative period, the patient developed transient lower cranial nerve dysfunction, which improved with conservative treatment. Follow-up imaging demonstrated a stable residual tumor. Given the subtotal nature of resection and the anatomically complex location, adjuvant proton beam radiotherapy was recommended; <b>Conclusions:</b> Meningeal melanocytoma of the craniovertebral junction poses distinctive diagnostic and surgical challenges because of its proximity to critical neurovascular structures. The available literature supports maximal safe resection as the primary treatment strategy, with adjuvant radiotherapy considered in selected patients with residual disease. Long-term radiological surveillance is warranted because late recurrence and malignant transformation have been reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":74664,"journal":{"name":"Reports (MDPI)","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13692441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149278479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthodontic Management in Patients with Amelogenesis Imperfecta: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Amalia Syrioti, Faidra Chatzikallinikidou, Christina Charisi, Filippos Fytros, Nikolaos Spantidakis, Panagiota Dimitropoulou, Konstantinos Poulopoulos, Stefanos Zisis, Athanasios Poulopoulos, Vasileios Zisis","doi":"10.3390/reports9040321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reports9040321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Amelogenesis imperfecta affecting enamel formation is frequently associated with a variety of malocclusions and eruption disturbances. Orthodontic treatment is crucial in comprehensive patient management. Previous studies have shown that orthodontic treatment becomes more challenging in patients with AI as the defective enamel affects the bracket bonding, retention of appliances and treatment mechanics and often needs modified bonding protocols, pre-treatment restorative build-ups, skeletal anchorage and general multidisciplinary management. There is no evidence of the ideal orthodontic treatment yet; available evidence only consists of case reports and small observational studies that address specific aspects with no established consensus. Therefore, this narrative review aimed to critically examine the contemporaneous evidence on orthodontic assessment and treatment planning in AI patients, drawing on studies identified through a structured literature search. <b>Materials and Methods</b>: An electronic search of the literature was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases. Out of 640 records that were initially identified, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis. <b>Results</b>: Bonding issues resulting from enamel defects tend to be identified as a significant clinical challenge necessitating modified orthodontic techniques. The included studies demonstrated that by using individualized treatment planning, modified bonding procedures, fixed appliances, expansion procedures, skeletal anchorage and combined orthognathic surgery in some cases within the multidisciplinary treatment approach, there can be successful orthodontic management for these patients. <b>Conclusions</b>: Vital steps such as early diagnosis, careful treatment planning, and coordination with restorative and prosthodontic treatment were associated with better functional and esthetic outcomes. Consequently, even though there is limited evidence, the available literature supports a customized interdisciplinary approach as the most predictable and effective strategy for managing orthodontic problems in patients with AI, while emphasizing that case reports and small observational studies are the main sources of current findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":74664,"journal":{"name":"Reports (MDPI)","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13692343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149278363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Association of Turner Syndrome, Celiac Disease, and Ulcerative Colitis in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report.","authors":"Maria Rogalidou, Konstantina Dimakou, Kalliopi Stefanaki, Evanthia Botsa, Anna Messaritaki, Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein","doi":"10.3390/reports9040322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reports9040322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Clinical Significance</b>: Turner syndrome is associated with an increased prevalence of autoimmune disorders, particularly celiac disease, and is also associated with impaired bone health. The coexistence of Turner syndrome, celiac disease, and ulcerative colitis is rare and represents a challenging clinical scenario requiring multidisciplinary management; <b>Case Presentation:</b> We report the case of a 7-year-old girl referred for short stature who was diagnosed with celiac disease based on positive serology and duodenal histology (Marsh 3a/3c). Cytogenetic analysis revealed 46,X,i(X)(q10) Turner syndrome. Despite strict adherence to a gluten-free diet, persistent growth impairment led to initiation of recombinant human growth hormone therapy. At 14 years of age, she developed bloody diarrhea, weight loss, iron-deficiency anemia, and elevated inflammatory markers. Colonoscopy and histology confirmed extensive ulcerative colitis. During follow-up, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry demonstrated reduced bone mineral density (lumbar spine Z-score -2.7; whole-body Z-score -2.5). At 16 years of age, treatment with azathioprine and 5-aminosalicylic acid was complicated by pancreatitis, with recurrence of pancreatic enzyme elevation following sequential drug reintroduction, leading to discontinuation of both agents. Infliximab therapy was subsequently initiated, resulting in sustained clinical, endoscopic, and near-complete histological remission. The patient was later transitioned to adult multidisciplinary care; <b>Conclusions:</b> The coexistence of Turner syndrome, celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, and low bone mineral density is an exceptionally rare combination of genetic susceptibility, autoimmunity, and chronic inflammation. This case highlights the importance of lifelong multidisciplinary surveillance in patients with Turner syndrome, including monitoring for additional autoimmune disorders, growth impairment, and skeletal complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":74664,"journal":{"name":"Reports (MDPI)","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13692348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149278508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiometabolic Risk-Driven Diagnosis of Cerebellar Infarction Presenting as Isolated Transient Vertigo: A Case-Based Review.","authors":"Pavol Skáčik, Vladimír Nosáľ, Štefan Sivák, Egon Kurča","doi":"10.3390/reports9040320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reports9040320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Clinical Significance</b>: Vertigo is a common manifestation of posterior circulation ischaemia, and obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia are established cardiometabolic risk factors for the underlying atherosclerotic disease. Brief, isolated episodes may be diagnostically challenging because bedside findings can be normal after symptom resolution, despite clinically significant cerebrovascular disease. We present a case in which an adverse cardiometabolic risk profile-rather than the clinical presentation itself-prompted the vascular imaging that established the diagnosis, together with a targeted review of comparable reports; <b>Case Presentation</b>: We investigate the case of a 67-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obesity, and known asymptomatic right internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis presented after a single spontaneous episode of rotatory vertigo lasting five minutes, which resolved completely before assessment. Neurological and structured neuro-otological examinations were normal. Because of his cardiometabolic and vascular risk burden, further imaging was pursued: CT angiography demonstrated progression of the right ICA stenosis to 85%, chronic occlusion of the left vertebral artery, and mild stenosis of the right vertebral artery, and brain MRI subsequently confirmed a small acute ischaemic lesion in the left cerebellar hemisphere. Management combined carotid artery stenting with a personalised, multidisciplinary secondary prevention plan addressing his full cardiometabolic risk profile. At three months, he remained asymptomatic, with NIHSS and modified Rankin Scale scores of 0. A targeted, CABARET-guided literature review of six comparable case reports showed that our patient carried the most extensive cardiometabolic burden yet had the mildest and most transient presentation, in contrast to the recurrent or progressive symptoms typical of the comparator reports; <b>Conclusions</b>: A single brief episode of isolated vertigo may be the only manifestation of acute posterior circulation ischaemia, even when bedside findings are normal. In patients with an adverse cardiometabolic and vascular risk profile, a reassuring examination should not preclude further neurovascular investigation, and early, risk-guided recognition-supported by personalised, multidisciplinary care-may provide an important opportunity for stroke prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":74664,"journal":{"name":"Reports (MDPI)","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13692451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149278438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound Diagnosis of Subhepatic Appendicitis.","authors":"Dragan Vasin, Djuro Cutura, Djordjije Saranovic","doi":"10.3390/reports9040319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reports9040319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute subhepatic appendicitis is an exceptionally rare anatomical variant (accounting for 0.01-0.09% of all appendicitis cases) that arises from embryological intestinal malrotation or incomplete cecal descent. A 39-year-old male presented to the emergency department with a 48-h history of progressive right upper quadrant pain, anorexia, mild nausea, low-grade fever (37.8 °C), marked leukocytosis (19 × 10⁹/L with a left shift), and elevated C-reactive protein (5.2 mg/L). Physical examination demonstrated localized tenderness and guarding in the right hypochondrium, with a negative clinical Murphy's sign. Bedside abdominal ultrasonography was performed utilizing a dedicated dual-probe strategy: a low-frequency convex transducer (1-5 MHz) for anatomical orientation and a high-frequency linear transducer (6-12 MHz) for targeted near-field interrogation. Graded compression identified a non-compressible, aperistaltic, blind-ending tubular structure in the hepatorenal recess (Morison's pouch) measuring 9 mm in outer diameter with a thickened wall (3.2 mm), an appendicolith at the base, mural hyperemia on color Doppler, and surrounding hyperechoic fat stranding with localized free fluid. Real-time sonography systematically excluded acute cholecystitis, hepatic lesions, and perforated peptic ulcer. Preoperative CT was omitted, and the patient proceeded directly to emergent diagnostic laparoscopy, which confirmed an inflamed, non-perforated appendix in the right subhepatic space adjacent to the liver margin. A laparoscopic appendectomy was successfully performed. Histopathology confirmed uncomplicated suppurative appendicitis, and the patient was discharged uneventfully on postoperative day three. Emergency high-resolution ultrasonography using a targeted dual-probe technique can conclusively diagnose subhepatic appendicitis, challenging the paradigm that CT is strictly mandatory. In patients presenting with atypical right upper quadrant pain, dedicated sonographic interrogation of the hepatorenal space facilitates prompt surgical management while eliminating ionizing radiation and diagnostic delays.</p>","PeriodicalId":74664,"journal":{"name":"Reports (MDPI)","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13692417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149278522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemotherapy-Free Polatuzumab Vedotin and Rituximab (Pola-R) for Frail, Older Patients with Relapsed DLBCL: A Case for Geriatric Assessment and Shared Decision-Making.","authors":"Ryusuke Horaguchi, Shohei Kikuchi, Kento Ono, Tomoki Minemura, Tsutomu Sato","doi":"10.3390/reports9030318","DOIUrl":"10.3390/reports9030318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Clinical Significance:</b> Older, frail patients with relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) face limited treatment options due to poor tolerance for standard cytotoxic chemotherapy. While novel chemotherapy-free regimens like polatuzumab vedotin plus rituximab (Pola-R) have emerged, optimizing their use requires careful evaluation of patient vulnerability via geriatric assessment (GA) and shared decision-making (SDM). <b>Case Presentation:</b> We present the case of a male in his late 70s with multiple-relapse DLBCL who was classified as frail by a comprehensive geriatric assessment, complicated by cognitive impairment and functional decline. Due to his frailty and previous intolerance to cytotoxic chemotherapy, a safety-prioritized, chemotherapy-free Pola-R regimen was selected through an SDM process in which his family supported his decision-making. The patient achieved a complete metabolic response without severe adverse events and has remained progression-free for 15 months. <b>Conclusions:</b> This case illustrates the feasibility and potential clinical activity of the chemotherapy-free Pola-R regimen for frail older patients with DLBCL, underscoring the critical role of integrating GA and SDM to individualize therapy and honor patient goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":74664,"journal":{"name":"Reports (MDPI)","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13611666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149042816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malignant Priapism as the Sole Initial Manifestation of Metastatic Carcinoma with Suspected Pulmonary Origin: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Sara Riolo, Dario Brunello, Agostino Fraia, Salvatore Papi, Roberto Knez, Giovanni Costa, Bernardino De Concilio, Tommaso Silvestri, Ivan Di Giulio, Guglielmo Zeccolini, Antonio Celia","doi":"10.3390/reports9030317","DOIUrl":"10.3390/reports9030317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Clinical Significance:</b> Malignant priapism is a rare manifestation of advanced malignancy caused by malignant infiltration of the corpora cavernosa. We report a case of persistent and refractory priapism associated with penile carcinoma and extensive metastatic disease, with a suspected pulmonary primary. <b>Case Presentation:</b> An 81-year-old man with a history of prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy and persistently undetectable PSA levels developed persistent low-flow priapism. Despite aspiration and irrigation, followed by distal and proximal shunting procedures, the condition recurred with progressive corporal induration and severe pain. Cavernous biopsy was initially interpreted as moderately differentiated squamous carcinoma, while total penectomy performed for refractory pain showed poorly differentiated carcinoma with morphological adenosquamous features. CT and PET/CT demonstrated a pulmonary mass and widespread metastatic disease, although bronchoscopy was non-diagnostic and no histological confirmation of the pulmonary lesion was obtained. A focused review of the literature identified 32 published cases of malignant priapism; bladder cancer was the most frequently reported primary malignancy (37.5%), followed by prostate cancer (18.8%) and renal cell carcinoma (9.4%), while penectomy was performed in 34.4% of cases. <b>Conclusions:</b> Persistent or recurrent priapism associated with corporal induration, progressive or atypical pain, failure of conventional treatment, or discordant imaging findings should raise suspicion of malignant infiltration and prompt consideration of repeat imaging and tissue sampling. In the present case, carcinoma involving the penile structures was histologically confirmed, whereas pulmonary origin remained a clinicoradiological suspicion; penectomy provided immediate pain relief in the setting of extensive refractory local disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":74664,"journal":{"name":"Reports (MDPI)","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13611266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149042539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Podoplanin and Selected Cancer Stem Cell or Stemness-Associated Markers in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia: A Structured Narrative Review of Their Role in Malignant Transformation and Risk Stratification.","authors":"Panagiota Dimitropoulou, Filippos Fytros, Christina Charisi, Amalia Syrioti, Nikolaos Spantidakis, Konstantinos Poulopoulos, Maria Fasoula, Efstratios Karagiannidis, Athanasios Poulopoulos, Vasileios Zisis","doi":"10.3390/reports9030316","DOIUrl":"10.3390/reports9030316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) comprise clinically and histologically heterogeneous lesions associated with an increased risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Histopathological grading of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) remains central to risk estimation but has limited predictive precision. Podoplanin and selected cancer stem cell (CSC) or stemness-associated markers may capture complementary biological processes involved in progression.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To synthesize evidence on podoplanin and selected CSC or stemness-associated markers as indicators of malignant transformation and risk stratification across a prespecified OPMD spectrum, while distinguishing longitudinal prediction from cross-sectional, diagnostic, and mechanistic evidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three original PubMed searches covered database inception to 13 July 2026. A post hoc recall audit against three key evidence syntheses identified one eligible longitudinal report missed during the initial selection; this report was added by backward citation checking. A broader supplementary sensitivity query was run during revision and reported separately without being merged into the original selection counts. In total, 47 publications were included. Study design, effect measure, threshold provenance, internal validation, and possible cohort overlap were charted and synthesized narratively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the biomarkers reviewed, podoplanin had the most developed longitudinal evidence, including a pooled hazard ratio (HR) of 3.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.40-5.76) in one meta-analysis. A separate diagnostic-accuracy synthesis reported sensitivity of 78.9% and specificity of 55.0%, corresponding to a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 1.75 and a negative likelihood ratio (LR-) of 0.38. Predictive values varied materially with baseline transformation risk. CD133, BMI1, and ABCG2 showed large associations in individual cohorts, but independent replication and external validation were limited. Cross-sectional expression gradients were not treated as evidence of prospective prediction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Within the defined OPMD scope, podoplanin has the most developed longitudinal evidence, but its predictive values are prevalence-dependent and no marker is sufficiently validated for stand-alone clinical use. Prospective multicenter studies should compare prespecified biomarker models with established clinical, histopathological, and molecular predictors and should evaluate calibration, clinical utility, and external validity before management decisions are altered.</p>","PeriodicalId":74664,"journal":{"name":"Reports (MDPI)","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13611620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149042550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}