Reports (MDPI)Pub Date : 2025-07-21DOI: 10.3390/reports8030117
Marcin Sota, Daria Bramnik, Olivia Gudziewski, Ithamar Cheyne, Małgorzata Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz
{"title":"High-Stakes Hormone: Vasopressin Use as a Last-Line Therapy for Shock in Pediatrics-A Narrative Review.","authors":"Marcin Sota, Daria Bramnik, Olivia Gudziewski, Ithamar Cheyne, Małgorzata Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz","doi":"10.3390/reports8030117","DOIUrl":"10.3390/reports8030117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and Clinical Significance: Shock in pediatric patients remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with refractory cases posing significant challenges. While catecholamines like norepinephrine and epinephrine are standard vasopressors, vasopressin (AVP) has emerged as a potential adjunct therapy. However, its role in pediatric shock remains controversial due to concerns about efficacy, safety, and appropriate use. This review assesses the current evidence on AVP in pediatric shock. Methods and Results: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies published in the last five years to capture recent advancements. Articles on AVP's mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical applications, and safety were included. For background information, studies were not limited by publication date. AVP increases mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) yet does not significantly reduce mortality. While AVP may be useful in catecholamine-resistant vasoplegia, its advantage over conventional vasopressors remains uncertain. Concerns about ischemic complications, myocardial dysfunction, and thrombocytopenia further limit its routine use. Conclusions: AVP may serve as an adjunct therapy in catecholamine-resistant vasoplegia, but safety concerns and unclear benefits restrict its routine use. Further research is needed to determine the optimal dosing, patient selection, and long-term outcomes. Until then, AVP should remain a last-line therapy when conventional vasopressors fail.</p>","PeriodicalId":74664,"journal":{"name":"Reports (MDPI)","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"\"An Unusual Case of Bilateral Sudden Mixed Hearing Loss with Complete Remission\": A Case Report and Pathophysiological Considerations.","authors":"Musat Gabriela Cornelia, Codrut Sarafoleanu, Lucia Radu, Ovidiu Musat, Ionut Tanase","doi":"10.3390/reports8030116","DOIUrl":"10.3390/reports8030116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Sudden-onset bilateral mixed hearing loss in adults is an extremely rare condition but challenging to diagnose and treat. Conductive hearing loss is associated with otitis media, while the simultaneous presence of a sensorineural component requires supplementary investigation for possible shared pathophysiological mechanisms. <b>Case Presentation:</b> We report the case of a 41-year-old male who was admitted to our hospital with a 48 h history of bilateral, fast progressive hearing loss following a viral illness. The audiologic testing revealed bilateral severe mixed hearing loss. Tympanometry indicated the presence of middle-ear effusion, and myringotomy confirmed the existence of pressurized serous fluid. Treatment consisted of systemic and intratympanic corticosteroids, antibiotics, and supportive therapy. The patient had an unexpected full recovery of auditory function within one month. <b>Discussion:</b> Multiple hypotheses were considered. We hypothesized the coexistence of unrelated conductive and sensorineural hearing loss or a unifying pathological process. Theories discussed include a direct viral insult to the cochlear structures or even pressure-mediated damage to the basal cochlea due to the simultaneous inward displacement of the oval and round windows. The complete resolution of hearing loss is the indicator of a reversible etiology, possibly due to transient inner ear dysfunction secondary to middle-ear pathology or viral infection. <b>Conclusions:</b> This case illustrates the complexity of diagnosing acute mixed hearing loss. This report emphasizes a rare case of sudden-onset bilateral mixed hearing loss with a complete recovery, contributing valuable insight into under-reported and diagnostically complex presentations.</p>","PeriodicalId":74664,"journal":{"name":"Reports (MDPI)","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rituximab Therapy in Refractory Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid: A Case Report.","authors":"Sania Vidas Pauk, Antonela Geber, Iva Bešlić, Ines Lakoš-Jukić, Tomislav Kuzman","doi":"10.3390/reports8030115","DOIUrl":"10.3390/reports8030115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Clinical Significance</b>: Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) is a rare autoimmune disease affecting the conjunctiva and oral mucosa. Chronic inflammation causes conjunctival scarring, leading to symblepharon, trichiasis, corneal damage, and possible blindness. Diagnosis is clinical, supported by biopsy and immunofluorescence. Treatment includes systemic corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics in refractory cases. <b>Case Presentation</b>: A 64-year-old male presented with ocular irritation, trichiasis, and counting fingers (CF) visual acuity in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination revealed conjunctival inflammation, corneal epithelial defect, and symblepharon in the left eye. Biopsy confirmed ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP). He was treated with topical steroids, cyclosporine, subconjunctival injections, and systemic corticosteroids, followed by surgery, which improved BCVA to 0.10 logMAR. Two years later, disease progression resulted in severe inflammation and visual decline in both eyes. Systemic azathioprine and corticosteroids achieved partial control. Due to insufficient response, rituximab therapy was initiated, leading to significant reduction in inflammation and stabilization of disease. Right eye BCVA improved to 0.16 logMAR; the left remained at CF. The patient continues to receive rituximab during exacerbations and is under regular follow-up. <b>Conclusions</b>: Early diagnosis and timely systemic treatment are essential in preventing vision loss in OCP. In refractory cases, biologic agents like rituximab may offer effective disease control.</p>","PeriodicalId":74664,"journal":{"name":"Reports (MDPI)","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reports (MDPI)Pub Date : 2025-07-19DOI: 10.3390/reports8030114
Dolika D Vasović, Miodrag Lj Karamarković, Miroslav Jeremić, Dejan M Rašić
{"title":"Bilateral Diffuse Uveal Melanocytic Proliferation in a Patient with Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia: A Rare Case and Literature Review.","authors":"Dolika D Vasović, Miodrag Lj Karamarković, Miroslav Jeremić, Dejan M Rašić","doi":"10.3390/reports8030114","DOIUrl":"10.3390/reports8030114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by bilateral uveal melanocyte proliferation and progressive visual disturbance. While most commonly associated with solid tumors, its occurrence in hematologic malignancies is exceedingly rare. We report a case of BDUMP in a 64-year-old male recently diagnosed with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), who presented with subacute, painless bilateral blurred vision. Multimodal imaging revealed suggestive features of BDUMP, including orange-red subretinal patches, retinal pigment epithelium mottling, and diffuse choroidal thickening, consistent with early structural involvement despite preserved central vision. No intraocular mass or signs of inflammation were observed. The patient did not receive specific treatment for BDUMP, and visual acuity remained stable during follow-up. This case underscores the importance of considering BDUMP in the differential diagnosis of bilateral visual symptoms in patients with hematologic malignancies. Although rare, BDUMP may occur in the context of CMML. Recognition through multimodal imaging and interdisciplinary collaboration is essential, and further research is needed to clarify its pathogenesis and improve management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74664,"journal":{"name":"Reports (MDPI)","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12285924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reattribution of Auditory Hallucinations Throughout Avatar Therapy: A Case Series.","authors":"Sabrina Giguère, Mélissa Beaudoin, Laura Dellazizzo, Kingsada Phraxayavong, Stéphane Potvin, Alexandre Dumais","doi":"10.3390/reports8030113","DOIUrl":"10.3390/reports8030113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Clinical Significance:</b> Avatar Therapy (AT) for individuals with treatment-resistant auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) in schizophrenia aims to address emotional responses, beliefs about voices, self-perception, and coping strategies. This study focuses on three participants who, during AT, shifted their belief about the origin of their most distressing voice from an external source to a self-generated one. <b>Case Presentation:</b> The objective of this study was to explore the evolution of the reattribution of the participants' most distressing voice to oneself during AT and the patients' perception of this reattribution. Immersive sessions and semi-structured interviews were transcribed and qualitatively described to provide a session-by-session account of the evolution of each participant's AVH reattribution to themselves during the course of AT, along with their perceptions of this reattribution. This process led to the recognition that initially perceived as external voices were internally generated thoughts, reflecting how participants viewed themselves. Two participants reported a reduction in AVH severity. All three described positive changes in how they related to their voices and self-perception. Additional improvements were observed in emotional regulation, social functioning, and engagement in personal projects. <b>Conclusions:</b> This reassignment of the voice from an external source to an internal one suggests that AT can modify how individuals relate to their voices and may empower them to regain control over their hallucinations. However, given the exploratory nature of this study, the results should be interpreted as examples.</p>","PeriodicalId":74664,"journal":{"name":"Reports (MDPI)","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12285938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reports (MDPI)Pub Date : 2025-07-17DOI: 10.3390/reports8030111
Yi Lin, Minqi Xu, Helen Genis, Nisha Andany, Lina Chen
{"title":"The Diagnostic Challenges of Disseminated Nocardiosis in a Post-Renal Transplant Patient: A Case Report.","authors":"Yi Lin, Minqi Xu, Helen Genis, Nisha Andany, Lina Chen","doi":"10.3390/reports8030111","DOIUrl":"10.3390/reports8030111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disseminated nocardiosis is a rare, life-threatening infection, often misdiagnosed due to its resemblance to other conditions. We report a case of disseminated nocardiosis in a 62-year-old post-renal transplant patient presenting with pulmonary, hepatic, and pancreatic lesions. Despite multiple negative bacterial cultures, a histopathological examination of the liver revealed necrotizing granulomas with filamentous microorganisms, ultimately identified as <i>Nocardia</i>. This case highlights diagnostic challenges and the importance of integrating microbiological, pathological, and radiographical findings to manage and diagnose disseminated nocardiosis infections in immunocompromised individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":74664,"journal":{"name":"Reports (MDPI)","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12285970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reports (MDPI)Pub Date : 2025-07-17DOI: 10.3390/reports8030112
Lyubomir Gaydarski, Georgi P Georgiev, Svetoslav A Slavchev
{"title":"Giant Atypical Neurofibroma of the Calf in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Lyubomir Gaydarski, Georgi P Georgiev, Svetoslav A Slavchev","doi":"10.3390/reports8030112","DOIUrl":"10.3390/reports8030112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Clinical Significance:</b> Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) predisposes individuals to various peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs), including benign neurofibromas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), and intermediate lesions known as atypical neurofibromatous neoplasms of uncertain biologic potential (ANNUBP), previously often termed atypical neurofibroma. These atypical lesions are considered premalignant precursors to MPNST. <b>Case Presentation:</b> We present the case of a 33-year-old male with NF1 who developed a rapidly growing, painful mass in his right calf. Clinical examination revealed signs consistent with NF1. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large, heterogeneous mass in the lateral compartment. Biopsy revealed a neurofibroma with hypercellularity, moderate atypia, scarce S100 positivity, focal CD34 positivity, and an elevated Ki-67 proliferation index of 10-12%, consistent with ANNUBP. The patient underwent wide surgical resection, including the fibula and peroneal muscles. At the 30-month follow-up, there was no local recurrence, though the patient had a mild residual limp. <b>Discussion:</b> This case highlights the clinical presentation, diagnostic features, and management considerations for ANNUBP in NF1, emphasizing the importance of recognizing warning signs and the role of pathology in guiding treatment for these high-risk precursor lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":74664,"journal":{"name":"Reports (MDPI)","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reports (MDPI)Pub Date : 2025-07-16DOI: 10.3390/reports8030110
Kyriaki Astara, Maria Lypiridou, Konstantinos Kalafatakis, Georgios Nikolaou, Georgios Stouraitis
{"title":"Neuromyelitis Optica Diagnosis in Two Elderly Patients with Systematic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Series.","authors":"Kyriaki Astara, Maria Lypiridou, Konstantinos Kalafatakis, Georgios Nikolaou, Georgios Stouraitis","doi":"10.3390/reports8030110","DOIUrl":"10.3390/reports8030110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Clinical Significance:</b> Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a chronic demyelinating inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), mediated by autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQ4) receptors. In the spectrum of NMO, other autoimmune diseases also coexist, though their association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is rare. <b>Case Presentation:</b> We present two cases of patients in their 70s who were diagnosed with NMO in the context of SLE. The first case concerns a 78-year-old woman with drug-induced SLE and thoracic myelitis who developed T4-level incomplete paraplegia over three weeks. The second case involves a 71-year-old woman with a history of SLE and myasthenia gravis, presenting with cervical myelitis with progressive worsening of walking and C4-level paraparesis over two months. In both cases, elevated serum anti-AQ4 titers were detected, establishing the diagnosis of NMO and differentiation from an atypical manifestation of SLE-related myelitis. High doses of intravenous corticosteroids with gradual tapering, along with cyclophosphamide, followed by rituximab, were administered in both patients. The first patient showed a poor response, while the second showed improvement. <b>Conclusions:</b> The coexistence of NMO with SLE is rare, but the occurrence of myelitis in patients with connective tissue diseases should raise the suspicion of NMO, especially in elderly women and several years after the diagnosis of SLE. Time to treatment is critical, as delays in treating NMO can result in cumulative and disabling damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":74664,"journal":{"name":"Reports (MDPI)","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12265998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reports (MDPI)Pub Date : 2025-07-16DOI: 10.3390/reports8030109
Haralambie Macovei, Andrei Mihordea, Cristina Andreea Adam, Lucia Corina Dima-Cozma, Elena-Andreea Moales, Maria-Magdalena Leon, Florin Mitu
{"title":"Wide Complex Irregular Rhythm in a Paced Patient: A Clinical Approach.","authors":"Haralambie Macovei, Andrei Mihordea, Cristina Andreea Adam, Lucia Corina Dima-Cozma, Elena-Andreea Moales, Maria-Magdalena Leon, Florin Mitu","doi":"10.3390/reports8030109","DOIUrl":"10.3390/reports8030109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Clinical Significance:</b> Evaluating wide complex rhythms in patients with permanent pacemakers can be a diagnostic challenge, particularly when the rhythm is irregular. While pacemaker-mediated rhythms are typically regular and predictable, the appearance of wide complex irregular rhythms raises concerns ranging from lead malfunction to life-threatening arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia. Understanding the interplay between intrinsic cardiac activity and device function is crucial for timely and accurate diagnosis in this increasingly common clinical scenario. <b>Case presentation:</b> We report on a 74-year-old female with a VVI pacemaker implanted for binodal disease, who presented with intermittent palpitations and an irregular rhythm. The patient has a recent history of falling on her right shoulder, which is also the site of the device implantation. We used a clinical step-by-step approach to rule out pacemaker malfunction and to establish the need for an unscheduled device interrogation. <b>Conclusions:</b> This case presentation highlights the important role of clinical reasoning and the approach to such a patient, especially when a key method of pacemaker evaluation, such as device interrogation, is not readily available.</p>","PeriodicalId":74664,"journal":{"name":"Reports (MDPI)","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12266007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reports (MDPI)Pub Date : 2025-07-15DOI: 10.3390/reports8030108
Niharika Singh, James Petrancosta, Elizabeth O'Daniel, Samuel Nurko, Kristen Calabro
{"title":"A Case Report of a Child with Constipation Diagnosed with Acquired Myenteric Hypoganglionosis.","authors":"Niharika Singh, James Petrancosta, Elizabeth O'Daniel, Samuel Nurko, Kristen Calabro","doi":"10.3390/reports8030108","DOIUrl":"10.3390/reports8030108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Clinical Significance:</b> Acquired myenteric hypoganglionosis is a rare dysmotility disorder that can present in childhood and adulthood, characterized by a reduced number of ganglion cells within Auerbach's plexus. Due to the rarity of the pathology, few case reports of acquired myenteric hypoganglionosis in adolescents have been described. This case report explores the presentation, risk factors, and surgical complications associated with the ultimate diagnosis of myenteric hypoganglionosis. <b>Case Presentation:</b> We present a case of a 12-year-old male with a history of constipation and achalasia, presenting with constipation and abdominal distention, who underwent a colonoscopy, which was converted to an exploratory laparotomy with loop ileostomy creation due to persistent significant abdominal distention. This was complicated by colonic perforation, most likely secondary to stercoral colitis, requiring takeback to the operating room on postoperative day 11 for an exploratory laparotomy with bowel resection and mucous fistula creation. The patient was then referred to Boston Children's Hospital for motility studies, which revealed poor colonic motility and plans to reassess motility in 1 year. <b>Conclusions</b>: Although rare, it is important to have high clinical suspicion for acquired myenteric hypoganglionosis in children, especially males, with severe constipation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74664,"journal":{"name":"Reports (MDPI)","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12265997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}