Communications engineering最新文献_第10页

Dynamic optimizers for complex industrial systems via direct data-driven synthesis. 通过直接数据驱动合成的复杂工业系统的动态优化器。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00368-8

Khalid Alhazmi, S Mani Sarathy

{"title":"Dynamic optimizers for complex industrial systems via direct data-driven synthesis.","authors":"Khalid Alhazmi, S Mani Sarathy","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00368-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00368-8","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical process industry (CPI) faces significant challenges in improving sustainability and efficiency while maintaining conservative principles for managing cost, complexity, and uncertainty. This work introduces a data-driven approach to dynamic real-time optimization (D-RTO) that addresses the aforementioned concerns by directly extracting process optimization policies from historical plant data. Our method constructs a value function to evaluate trajectory quality and employs weighted regression to derive improved policies. When applied to a plant-wide industrial process control problem, the proposed optimizer demonstrates superior performance in adapting to disturbances while maintaining stability and product quality. These results challenge conventional assumptions regarding the potential of data-driven optimization in the CPI. Although limitations exist due to the black-box nature of neural networks, this study presents a promising avenue for enhancing operational efficiency in industrial settings. The proposed approach offers a practical solution for process optimization, as it leverages readily available historical data and does not require extensive modeling efforts. By demonstrating significant efficiency improvement on a realistic industrial benchmark problem, this work paves the way for the adoption of data-driven optimization techniques in real-world CPI applications.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A deep learning framework based on structured space model for detecting small objects in complex underwater environments. 基于结构化空间模型的复杂水下环境小目标检测深度学习框架。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00367-9

Yaoming Zhuang, Jiaming Liu, Haoyang Zhao, Longyu Ma, Zirui Fang, Li Li, Chengdong Wu, Wei Cui, Zhanlin Liu

引用次数: 0

On-chip solar power source for self-powered smart microsensors in bulk CMOS process. 用于自供电智能微传感器的片上太阳能电源。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00358-w

Jian Guan, Jingjing Liu, Wenji Mo, Bingjun Xiong, Kangkang Sun, Feng Yan, Zhipeng Li, Yuchen Wang, Bhaskar Choubey

引用次数: 0

Helmet material design for mitigating traumatic axonal injuries through AI-driven constitutive law enhancement. 通过人工智能驱动的本构法增强减轻创伤性轴索损伤的头盔材料设计。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00370-0

Vincent Varanges, Pezhman Eghbali, Naser Nasrollahzadeh, Jean-Yves Fournier, Pierre-Etienne Bourban, Dominique P Pioletti

{"title":"Helmet material design for mitigating traumatic axonal injuries through AI-driven constitutive law enhancement.","authors":"Vincent Varanges, Pezhman Eghbali, Naser Nasrollahzadeh, Jean-Yves Fournier, Pierre-Etienne Bourban, Dominique P Pioletti","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00370-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00370-0","url":null,"abstract":"Sports helmets provide incomplete protection against brain injuries. Here we aim to improve helmet liner efficiency by employing a novel approach that optimizes their properties. By exploiting a finite element model that simulates head impacts, we developed deep learning models that predict the peak rotational velocity and acceleration of a dummy head protected by various liner materials. The deep learning models exhibited a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.99 within the testing dataset with mean absolute error of 0.8 rad.s-1 and 0.6 krad.s-2 respectively, highlighting their predictive ability. Deep learning-based material optimization demonstrated a significant reduction in the risk of brain injuries, ranging from -5% to -65%, for impact energies between 250 and 500 Joules. This result emphasizes the effectiveness of material design to mitigate sport-related brain injury risks. This research introduces promising avenues for optimizing helmet designs to enhance their protective capabilities.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11830762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vision-based tactile sensor design using physically based rendering. 基于视觉的触觉传感器设计使用基于物理的渲染。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00350-4

Arpit Agarwal, Achu Wilson, Timothy Man, Edward Adelson, Ioannis Gkioulekas, Wenzhen Yuan

{"title":"Vision-based tactile sensor design using physically based rendering.","authors":"Arpit Agarwal, Achu Wilson, Timothy Man, Edward Adelson, Ioannis Gkioulekas, Wenzhen Yuan","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00350-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00350-4","url":null,"abstract":"High-resolution tactile sensors are very helpful to robots for fine-grained perception and manipulation tasks, but designing those sensors is challenging. This is because the designs are based on the compact integration of multiple optical elements, and it is difficult to understand the correlation between the element arrangements and the sensor accuracy by trial and error. In this work, we introduce the digital design of vision-based tactile sensors using a physically accurate light simulator. The framework modularizes the design process, parameterizes the sensor components, and contains an evaluation metric to quantify a sensor's performance. We quantify the effects of sensor shape, illumination setting, and sensing surface material on tactile sensor performance using our evaluation metric. The proposed optical simulation framework can replicate the tactile image of the real vision-based tactile sensor prototype without any prior sensor-specific data. Using our approach we can substantially improve the design of a fingertip GelSight sensor. This improved design performs approximately 5 times better than previous state-of-the-art human-expert design at real-world robotic tactile embossed text detection. Our simulation approach can be used with any vision-based tactile sensor to produce a physically accurate tactile image. Overall, our approach enables the automatic design of sensorized soft robots and opens the door for closed-loop co-optimization of controllers and sensors for dexterous manipulation.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11828998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

User-specified inverse kinematics taught in virtual reality reduce time and effort to hand-guide redundant surgical robots. 在虚拟现实中教授用户指定的逆运动学，减少了手动引导冗余手术机器人的时间和精力。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00357-x

Murali Karnam, Marek Zelechowski, Philippe C Cattin, Georg Rauter, Nicolas Gerig

{"title":"User-specified inverse kinematics taught in virtual reality reduce time and effort to hand-guide redundant surgical robots.","authors":"Murali Karnam, Marek Zelechowski, Philippe C Cattin, Georg Rauter, Nicolas Gerig","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00357-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00357-x","url":null,"abstract":"Medical robots should not collide with close by obstacles during medical procedures, such as lamps, screens, or medical personnel. Redundant robots have more degrees of freedom than needed for moving endoscopic tools during surgery and can be reshaped to avoid obstacles by moving purely in the space of these additional degrees of freedom (null space). Although state-of-the-art robots allow surgeons to hand-guide endoscopic tools, reshaping the robot in null space is not intuitive for surgeons. Here we propose a learned task space control that allows surgeons to intuitively teach preferred robot configurations (shapes) that avoid obstacles using a VR-based planner in simulation. Later during surgery, surgeons control both the endoscopic tool and robot configuration (shape) with one hand. In a user study, we found that learned task space control outperformed state-of-the-art naive task space control in all the measured performance metrics (time, effort, and user-perceived effort). Our solution allowed users to intuitively interact with robots in VR and reshape robots while moving tools in medical and industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11825656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Three-dimensional runout characterisation for rotationally symmetric components. 旋转对称部件的三维跳动特性。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00354-0

Christopher G Tompkins, Luke D Todhunter, Harald Gottmann, Christoph Rettig, Robert Schmitt, Jochen Wacker, Samanta Piano

{"title":"Three-dimensional runout characterisation for rotationally symmetric components.","authors":"Christopher G Tompkins, Luke D Todhunter, Harald Gottmann, Christoph Rettig, Robert Schmitt, Jochen Wacker, Samanta Piano","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00354-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00354-0","url":null,"abstract":"Rotationally symmetric components (such as gears and axels) are ubiquitous to modern devices, and their precision manufacture is necessary to keep costs and manufacture time down, as well as reduce waste and possibly hazardous component failure. The manufacturing errors, which affect the shape in the rotation axis, are grouped together into the common term \"runout\". Here we present a potential updated standard for characterising the runout of rotationally symmetric machined parts in three-dimensions, and evaluated using virtual instrumentation, enabling an accurate characterisation of the three dimensional (3D) surface deformation of a part from minimal surface information. For any 3D characterisation method to be widely adopted by the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics community, it must be fully compatible with previous methods and standards. As such, the proposed method produces a 3D runout vector based on four standard profile measurements. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed runout method, a technique for evaluating the errors of commonly used virtual instruments has been developed. This evaluation technique produces a single-valued quantification of the deviation of the instrument outputs compared to the input parameters, decoupled from the errors on the instrument itself.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11821993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low-power Spiking Neural Network audio source localisation using a Hilbert Transform audio event encoding scheme. 使用希尔伯特变换音频事件编码方案的低功耗尖峰神经网络音频源定位。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00359-9

Saeid Haghighatshoar, Dylan Richard Muir

{"title":"Low-power Spiking Neural Network audio source localisation using a Hilbert Transform audio event encoding scheme.","authors":"Saeid Haghighatshoar, Dylan Richard Muir","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00359-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00359-9","url":null,"abstract":"Sound source localisation is used in many consumer devices, to isolate audio from individual speakers and reject noise. Localization is frequently accomplished by \"beamforming\", which combines phase-shifted audio streams to increase power from chosen source directions, under a known microphone array geometry. Dense band-pass filters are often needed to obtain narrowband signal components from wideband audio. These approaches achieve high accuracy, but narrowband beamforming is computationally demanding, and not ideal for low-power IoT devices. We introduce a method for sound source localisation on arbitrary microphone arrays, designed for efficient implementation in ultra-low-power spiking neural networks (SNNs). We use a Hilbert transform to avoid dense band-pass filters, and introduce an event-based encoding method that captures the phase of the complex analytic signal. Our approach achieves high accuracy for SNN methods, comparable with traditional non-SNN super-resolution beamforming. We deploy our method to low-power SNN inference hardware, with much lower power consumption than super-resolution methods. We demonstrate that signal processing approaches co-designed with spiking neural network implementations can achieve much improved power efficiency. Our Hilbert-transform-based method for beamforming can also improve the efficiency of traditional digital signal processing.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11814312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A multipath error cancellation method based on antenna jitter. 基于天线抖动的多径误差消除方法。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00355-z

Jiyang Liu, Feixue Wang, Xiaomei Tang, Sixin Wang, Muzi Yuan

{"title":"A multipath error cancellation method based on antenna jitter.","authors":"Jiyang Liu, Feixue Wang, Xiaomei Tang, Sixin Wang, Muzi Yuan","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00355-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00355-z","url":null,"abstract":"Global Navigation Satellite System signals are often affected by multipath errors, which impact the accuracy of positioning measurements. Traditional methods frequently fail to effectively mitigate multipath errors across different environments, primarily due to their inherent sensitivity to varying conditions. Here, we propose a multipath error cancellation method that utilizes antenna jitter, which mitigates multipath errors by rapidly changing the relative phases of direct and multipath signals without requiring changes to the receiver structure. The model that combines theoretical analysis with experimental verification is conducted to identify the minimum jitter amplitude required for effective error reduction in straight-line jitter scenarios. Moreover, extensive satellite data collection and verification were performed in Changsha, China, from December 2023 to August 2024. The results indicate that the proposed method enhances robustness and applicability across various environments compared to traditional approaches. Notably, it enables a vehicle-mounted antenna, priced at just a few dollars, to achieve positioning accuracy comparable to that of high-precision antennas costing thousands of dollars, making advanced positioning technology more accessible.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11806055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143371362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Periodic cooking of eggs. 定期煮鸡蛋。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00334-w

Emilia Di Lorenzo, Francesca Romano, Lidia Ciriaco, Nunzia Iaccarino, Luana Izzo, Antonio Randazzo, Pellegrino Musto, Ernesto Di Maio

引用次数: 0