Communications engineering最新文献

Vanadium dioxide thin films integrated with printed circuit board enables low-cost, reconfigurable millimeter-wave devices.

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00506-2

Amir Afshani, Wenqiang Xiang, Tarek Djerafi, Mohamed Chaker

{"title":"Vanadium dioxide thin films integrated with printed circuit board enables low-cost, reconfigurable millimeter-wave devices.","authors":"Amir Afshani, Wenqiang Xiang, Tarek Djerafi, Mohamed Chaker","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00506-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-025-00506-2","url":null,"abstract":"Millimeter-wave switches are essential for reconfigurable and adaptive communication systems, yet current solutions often face trade-offs between performance, scalability, and cost. Here we present a scalable, high performance and cost-effective approach to develop reconfigurable millimeter-wave substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) devices by integrating vanadium dioxide (VO₂) thin films with printed circuit board (PCB) technologies. The integration technique involves depositing VO₂ films on thin, flexible polymer substrates, which are then transferred and affixed to PCB circuits. The VO₂ is thermally activated and selectively doped to reduce power consumption depending on applications. Using experimental prototypes, we demonstrate several reconfigurable devices operating in the millimeter-wave band, including series and parallel switches and a reconfigurable hybrid coupler that transforms into dual through-line SIWs. Electromagnetic simulations and measurements validate the approach, revealing low insertion loss, good isolation, and broadband operation. This method simplifies fabrication and supports large-area integration, offering a practical route to scalable, low-cost, reconfigurable millimeter-wave components.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimising housing typology distributions for multi-hazard loss reductions in resource-constrained settings.

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00507-1

Arvin Hadlos, Aaron Opdyke, S Ali Hadigheh

{"title":"Optimising housing typology distributions for multi-hazard loss reductions in resource-constrained settings.","authors":"Arvin Hadlos, Aaron Opdyke, S Ali Hadigheh","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00507-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-025-00507-1","url":null,"abstract":"Disaster loss estimations are valuable risk reduction tools but rarely consider the loss trade-offs when a building stock is subjected to multi-hazard impacts. Here, we developed an approach to simulate direct economic losses of a housing stock and explore loss reduction across scenarios of housing typology distributions. We used multi-objective optimisation to model wind and seismic losses in Itbayat, Batanes, Philippines. Using Monte Carlo simulation, 11,628 housing stock scenarios were modelled under two cases of paired extreme hazard intensity thresholds, identifying Pareto optimal solutions that were further analysed against a socio-technical framework. We show that the current housing stock distribution can sustain lower multi-hazard losses by achieving more optimal combinations of lightweight and reinforced concrete typologies. However, transitioning to this desired stock distribution becomes a trade-off of not just wind-seismic loss reductions but also of socio-technical considerations such as households' risk perceptions. Our study advances risk reduction strategies by streamlining loss estimations to inform collective and safer multi-hazard construction practices.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fast ground irradiance computations for agrivoltaics via physics-informed deep learning models.

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00523-1

L Kurumundayil, D Burkhardt, L Gfüllner, S J Rupitsch, R Preu, M Berwind, M Demant

{"title":"Fast ground irradiance computations for agrivoltaics via physics-informed deep learning models.","authors":"L Kurumundayil, D Burkhardt, L Gfüllner, S J Rupitsch, R Preu, M Berwind, M Demant","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00523-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-025-00523-1","url":null,"abstract":"Developing photovoltaic tracker algorithms for bifacial solar modules in agrivoltaic systems requires computationally intensive raytracing simulations to accurately quantify irradiation. Sunlight distribution on ground and module levels is essential for optimizing the setup and operation of tiltable PV systems, maximizing crop and electrical yield under various weather conditions and tilt configurations. We introduce a deep learning-based surrogate model that computes ground-level irradiation in a complex agrivoltaic scene with PV tracking. The surrogate model is physics-informed since the training data includes raytracing outputs based on real weather data. It computes the ground irradiance map based on direct normal irradiance, diffuse horizontal irradiance, solar position, and system geometry in just 3ms, four orders of magnitude faster than standard raytracing. The presented encoding of the 3D scene allows the calculation of ground irradiance using generative regression models. Our surrogate model allows on-the-fly raytracing calculations for edge computing-based PV tracker applications, where computational efforts must be minimized to enable efficient management and optimization of PV systems.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Author Correction: Real-time monitoring of water states in large-diameter aqueducts - learning from distributed acoustic sensing signals. 作者更正：大直径渡槽中水态的实时监测——从分布式声传感信号中学习。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00515-1

Dao-Yuan Tan, Zhen-Yu Tang, Zhen-Rui Yan, Jing Wang, Wei Zhang, Jing-Wu Huang, Peng Wang, Zhiguo Yuan, Huan-Feng Duan, Bin Shi, Hong-Hu Zhu

引用次数: 0

Physics-informed machine learning-based real-time long-horizon temperature fields prediction in metallic additive manufacturing. 金属增材制造中基于物理信息的机器学习的实时长视界温度场预测。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00501-7

Mingxuan Tian, Haochen Mu, Tao Liu, Mengjiao Li, Donghong Ding, Jianping Zhao

{"title":"Physics-informed machine learning-based real-time long-horizon temperature fields prediction in metallic additive manufacturing.","authors":"Mingxuan Tian, Haochen Mu, Tao Liu, Mengjiao Li, Donghong Ding, Jianping Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00501-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00501-7","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time long-horizon temperature prediction in wire arc additive manufacturing is critical for process control and quality assurance. However, finite element methods are computationally expensive, and the existing data-driven models suffer from error accumulation and poor adaptability. Here we propose a physics-informed geometric recurrent neural network that integrates geometric characteristics and physical constraints, captures spatiotemporal characteristics via convolutional long short-term memory cells, and enforces physical consistency through hard-encoding initial/boundary conditions and physics-informed loss function. The model can predict the temperature field for future 1.25 s based on current 1.25 s data, and has also been evaluated for more long-horizon predictions. Transfer learning was used to enhance the model's efficiency in practical applications. Results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves 4.5-13.9% maximum prediction error in simulations and experimental data. Including geometric characteristics and physical information reduces maximum error by about 1%, while the integrated model lowers it by 4%. Furthermore, transfer learning reduces the training time by approximately 50% while achieving the same loss level.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insights into the aerodynamic response of a harmonic oscillating airfoil in various turbulent flows. 洞察一个谐波振荡翼型在各种湍流的空气动力学响应。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00503-5

Yongfei Zhao, Mingshui Li, Yang Yang

{"title":"Insights into the aerodynamic response of a harmonic oscillating airfoil in various turbulent flows.","authors":"Yongfei Zhao, Mingshui Li, Yang Yang","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00503-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00503-5","url":null,"abstract":"The general theory of aerodynamic instability and the mechanism of flutter has been applied for decades in the environmental condition of uniform flow. Given the substantial growth in wind energy technology and aerospace in recent decades, there has been a greater focus on exploring the aerodynamic performance of oscillating airfoils in the environment of turbulence rather than just uniform flow. Most current research remains based on aerodynamic models obtained from potential flow theory, which have been thoroughly demonstrated through experimentation to be effective under the condition of uniform flow. However, it is still unclear whether turbulence and its interaction with the airfoil will cause traditional aerodynamic models to breakdown and how it will change under turbulent conditions. This study presents an analysis of how turbulence intensities and scale ratios individually influence the characteristics of oscillating airfoils. Furthermore, the turbulent kinetic energy and correlation are intimately associated with these two main components. The results suggest that as the turbulence intensities increase, more energy is injected, resulting in a larger amplitude of unsteady lift. In turbulence, smaller scale ratios reduce correlation and result in a decrease in the amplitude of lift. Turbulence could also lead to a departure of the transfer function from its theoretical value, known as the Theodorsen function. This work examines and evaluates the influence of turbulence on oscillating airfoils. The results might serve as a foundation for aerodynamic analysis to examine the stability of airfoils in turbulent flows.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12480559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coherent optical interconnects using Fermat number transform and hollow core fibre. 利用费马数变换和空芯光纤实现相干光互连。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00505-3

Siyu Chen, Zheli Liu, Can Zhao, Mingming Zhang, Peng Li, Lei Zhang, Jie Luo, Zihe Hu, Can Chen, Xuchen Hua, Xianqiao Liao, Zhiyong Zhao, Ming Tang

{"title":"Coherent optical interconnects using Fermat number transform and hollow core fibre.","authors":"Siyu Chen, Zheli Liu, Can Zhao, Mingming Zhang, Peng Li, Lei Zhang, Jie Luo, Zihe Hu, Can Chen, Xuchen Hua, Xianqiao Liao, Zhiyong Zhao, Ming Tang","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00505-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00505-3","url":null,"abstract":"With the exponential growth of artificial intelligence-driven data centre traffic, next-generation data centre optical interconnects must deliver high-speed data transmission while ensuring low latency and power consumption. Here, we present an ultra-simple low-latency self-homodyne coherent interconnect solution through anti-resonant hollow core fibre and leverages the Fermat number transform to implement the entire digital signal processing. The Fermat number transform eliminates the round-off errors prevalent in the fast Fourier transform through modulo operations and replaces computationally intensive multiplications with simple cyclic shift and addition operations. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate bidirectional transmission through a 5.1-km anti-resonant hollow core fibre, achieving a data rate of 448 Gb·s-1. Our proposed scheme reduces complexity of digital signal processing by 90%, whereas the integration of the anti-resonant hollow core fibre reduces the propagation latency by 28.4%. This work establishes a promising path to push the energy-efficiency boundary of coherent structure and enables large scale deployment of coherent optical interconnects.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12480680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neural spike compression through salient sample extraction and curve fitting dedicated to high-density brain implants. 通过突出样本提取和曲线拟合专用于高密度脑植入物的神经尖峰压缩。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00504-4

Mahdi Nekoui, Amir M Sodagar

{"title":"Neural spike compression through salient sample extraction and curve fitting dedicated to high-density brain implants.","authors":"Mahdi Nekoui, Amir M Sodagar","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00504-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00504-4","url":null,"abstract":"As brain implants evolve towards higher channel density, efficient on-implant processing of the acquired signals becomes essential to overcome constraints in power, area, and data transmission. Here we propose a data reduction framework, specific to extra-cellular neuronal action potentials. This approach picks a small number of salient spike samples, using which the spike waveshape is interpolated. Attributes of salient samples are sent off the implant to reconstruct the spike waveshape on the external side of the system. In addition to exhibiting high data compression capability, this technique is highly hardware efficient, hence well suits for brain-implantable neural recording microsystems with high channel counts. Based on the proposed framework, a 128-channel neural signal compressor was implemented using a 130-nm CMOS technology, and measured 1.05 × 0.35 mm2. At a spike firing rate of 8 Spike/s, the circuit temporally reduces neural data with an average compression rate of ~2176. Operated at 1 V and 32 MHz, the neural data compressor consumes 0.164 µW/channel. The framework proposed in this work substantially reduces the data representing spike waveforms, enabling next-generation, high-density neural recording brain implants to telemeter the acquired neuronal activities to the outside world.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12480987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Engineering electrothermally enhanced interfacial evaporation for high-performance solar desalination. 工程电热增强界面蒸发用于高性能太阳能脱盐。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00498-z

Higgins Marangattil Wilson, Tushar Prashant Pandit, Shakeelur Raheman A R, Arun Kumar Thirugnanasambantham, Hyeong Woo Lim, Sang Joon Lee

{"title":"Engineering electrothermally enhanced interfacial evaporation for high-performance solar desalination.","authors":"Higgins Marangattil Wilson, Tushar Prashant Pandit, Shakeelur Raheman A R, Arun Kumar Thirugnanasambantham, Hyeong Woo Lim, Sang Joon Lee","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00498-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00498-z","url":null,"abstract":"Maximizing evaporation performance is crucial for advancing interfacial steam generation (ISG) systems, yet the potential of Joule heating for this remains underexplored. Here, we present a high-performance interfacial evaporator that leverages Joule heating-based evaporation to achieve very high water evaporation rates. The system integrates thiol-functionalized glassy carbon sponge with ultra-low electrical resistance ( ~ 0.75 Ω) to maximize joule heating. Under 1 sun illumination and a 37 W power input, the evaporator achieves an evaporation rate of ~205 kg m⁻²h⁻¹, reaching surface temperatures of 97 °C at the air-water interface. With 3.5 wt% saltwater, joule heating alone produces 11.86 kg m⁻²h⁻¹ , and combined solar (1sun)-electrothermal heating increases this to ~18 kg m⁻²h⁻¹. This work showcases the role of high electrical power in interfacial evaporation, offering a pathway for rapid and high-performance steam generation.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12475105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hypersonic levitation and spinning: paving the way for enhanced single-cell analysis via contactless tissue dissociation. 高超音速悬浮和旋转：通过非接触组织解离为增强单细胞分析铺平道路。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00497-0

Yang Bai, Zhiwen Zheng, Zhaoxin Nie, Jialu Li, Zhihong Zhang, Xuexin Duan

{"title":"Hypersonic levitation and spinning: paving the way for enhanced single-cell analysis via contactless tissue dissociation.","authors":"Yang Bai, Zhiwen Zheng, Zhaoxin Nie, Jialu Li, Zhihong Zhang, Xuexin Duan","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00497-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00497-0","url":null,"abstract":"In the realm of single-cell analysis, effective tissue dissociation is a cornerstone yet often hampered by the drawbacks of traditional methods. Mechanical and enzymatic dissociation methods suffer from long processing times, reduced cell viability, and the loss of rare cell populations. Herein, we introduce a revolutionary tissue dissociation approach, Hypersonic Levitation and Spinning (HLS), which capitalizes on a uniquely designed triple-acoustic resonator probe. This probe enables the target tissue sample to levitate and execute a 'press-and-rotate' operation within a confined flow field, generating microscale 'liquid jets' that exert precise hydrodynamic forces in a non-contact manner. Through this mechanism, the shear forces on the tissue are enhanced, facilitating rapid and efficient dissociation while safeguarding cell integrity. We have further developed an automated tissue dissociation apparatus that integrates dissociation, fluid replacement, filtration, and output functions. Our comprehensive experiments on human renal cancer tissue dissociation, including flow cytometry, primary cell culture, immunofluorescence, and single-cell RNA sequencing, clearly demonstrate that Hypersonic Levitation and Spinning method not only greatly outperforms traditional techniques in tissue utilization (90% in 15 minutes vs. 70% in 60 minutes) and dissociation rate but also excels in maintaining high cell viability (92.3%) and preserving rare cell populations. This non-contact, gentle yet highly efficient dissociation method holds immense promise in diverse fields such as cell biology, single-cell sequencing, and precision medicine, expanding the scope of tissue dissociation technology and its applications.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12475160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0