Communications engineering最新文献_第2页

Combining quasi-one-dimensional modeling with region-wise structure analysis for rapid technology computer-aided design simulations of gate-all-around MOSFETs. 准一维建模与区域结构分析相结合的栅极场效应管快速技术计算机辅助设计仿真。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00509-z

Kwang-Woon Lee, In Ki Kim, Seung-Woo Jung, Min-Seo Jang, Sung-Min Hong

{"title":"Combining quasi-one-dimensional modeling with region-wise structure analysis for rapid technology computer-aided design simulations of gate-all-around MOSFETs.","authors":"Kwang-Woon Lee, In Ki Kim, Seung-Woo Jung, Min-Seo Jang, Sung-Min Hong","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00509-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00509-z","url":null,"abstract":"The research and development process of semiconductor device technology heavily relies on technology computer-aided design simulations. However, long simulation times remain a significant challenge for research and development engineers. We propose a robust and efficient method to accelerate technology computer-aided design device simulations by generating approximate solutions faster. Since the majority of simulation time is spent preparing an approximate initial solution, our approach achieves orders-of-magnitude faster simulation than the conventional bias-ramping scheme, without incurring additional computational cost. Key techniques such as the quasi-one-dimensional model and the region-wise structure analysis are employed to handle general three-dimensional device structures. The applicability of this method is demonstrated through the simulation of next-generation complementary field-effect transistor inverters and other structures, yielding results 10 to 100 times faster than conventional methods.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12462519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An engineered culture vessel and flow system to improve the in vitro analysis of volatile organic compounds. 一种改进挥发性有机化合物体外分析的工程培养容器和流动系统。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00364-y

Jarrett Eshima, Taylor R Pennington, Youssef Abdellatif, Angela Ponce Olea, Joel F Lusk, Benjamin D Ambrose, Ethan Marschall, Christopher Miranda, Paula Phan, Christina Aridi, Barbara S Smith

{"title":"An engineered culture vessel and flow system to improve the in vitro analysis of volatile organic compounds.","authors":"Jarrett Eshima, Taylor R Pennington, Youssef Abdellatif, Angela Ponce Olea, Joel F Lusk, Benjamin D Ambrose, Ethan Marschall, Christopher Miranda, Paula Phan, Christina Aridi, Barbara S Smith","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00364-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00364-y","url":null,"abstract":"Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a biologically important subset of an organism's metabolome, yet in vitro techniques for the analysis of these small molecules vary substantially in practice, restricting the interpretation of study findings. Here, we present an engineered culture tool, termed the \"Biodome\", designed to enhance endogenous analyte recovery by integrating dynamic headspace sampling methodology for the recovery of VOCs from biological cultures. We validate the functionality of the device for in vitro volatile metabolomics utilizing computational modeling and fluorescent imaging of mammalian cell culture. Leveraging comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer and the enhanced sampling capabilities afforded by our tool, we identify 14 statistically significant VOCs not found in the media or exogenously derived from the sampling method, four of which have not been previously reported in vitro. To demonstrate applicability beyond mammalian cell culture, we assess the production of VOCs throughout the log and stationary phases of growth in ampicillin-resistant DH5α Escherichia coli. We identified 19 compounds with results supporting endogenous production, two of which had not previously associated with E. coli, 3-Octanone and 3-Tridecanone. Our findings emphasize the improved capabilities of the Biodome for in vitro volatile metabolomics.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mixed-mode in-memory computing: towards high-performance logic processing in a memristive crossbar array. 混合模式内存计算：在忆阻交叉棒阵列中实现高性能逻辑处理。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00461-y

Nan Du, Ilia Polian, Christopher Bengel, Kefeng Li, Ziang Chen, Xianyue Zhao, Uwe Hübner, Li-Wei Chen, Feng Liu, Massimiliano Di Ventra, Stephan Menzel, Heidemarie Krüger

{"title":"Mixed-mode in-memory computing: towards high-performance logic processing in a memristive crossbar array.","authors":"Nan Du, Ilia Polian, Christopher Bengel, Kefeng Li, Ziang Chen, Xianyue Zhao, Uwe Hübner, Li-Wei Chen, Feng Liu, Massimiliano Di Ventra, Stephan Menzel, Heidemarie Krüger","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00461-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00461-y","url":null,"abstract":"In-memory computing is a promising alternative to traditional computer designs, as it helps overcome performance limits caused by the separation of memory and processing units. However, many current approaches struggle with unreliable device behavior, which affects data accuracy and efficiency. In this work, the authors present a new computing method that combines two types of operations-those based on electrical resistance and those based on voltage-within each memory cell. This design improves reliability and avoids the need for expensive current measurements. A new software tool also helps automate the design process, supporting highly parallel operations in dense two-dimensional memory arrays. The approach balances speed and space, making it practical for advanced computing tasks. Demonstrations include a digital adder and a key part of encryption module, showing both strong performance and accuracy. This work offers a new direction for reliable and efficient in-memory computing systems with real-world applications.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rotational bistable mechanisms for morphing wings and beyond. 旋转双稳机构变形的翅膀和超越。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00495-2

Kaveh Barri, Kevin P T Haughn, Todd C Henry, Francis R Phillips, John T Hrynuk, Jochen Mueller

{"title":"Rotational bistable mechanisms for morphing wings and beyond.","authors":"Kaveh Barri, Kevin P T Haughn, Todd C Henry, Francis R Phillips, John T Hrynuk, Jochen Mueller","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00495-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00495-2","url":null,"abstract":"Low-energy-use morphing structures can greatly impact various engineering disciplines. In aeronautics, aircraft wings must adapt to diverse flight conditions to ensure optimally shaped wings for enhanced performance, maneuverability, and efficiency. Shape morphing enables aircraft to maximize aerodynamic performance but often requires complex system designs with heavy components, leading to continuous energy consumption and reduced payload capacity. To address these challenges, we introduce a new class of additively manufactured, bistable rotating elements designed for aircraft wing structures. Leveraging geometric nonlinearity, our proposed design creates bistable geometries that enable substantial and reversible alterations in the wing's chordwise geometry. This eliminates the need for continuous energy use during various maneuvers, thus conserving fuel or battery usage and contributing to weight reduction, particularly in Uncrewed Air Vehicles (UAVs). The proposed multistable morphing wing offers mechanical and geometric tunability, allowing for precise adjustments in stiffness and degrees of rotation. Experimental validation, including wind tunnel tests, and Finite Element Analysis confirm the mechanical reliability of the multistable rotational morphing wing. Demonstrating its ability to maintain the morphed shape across various flight conditions, this concept shows promise for enhancing UAV performance in real-world applications and extending its potential to fields beyond aerospace engineering.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards inclusive risk-informed infrastructure development in expanding cities. 在不断扩大的城市中实现包容性的风险知情基础设施发展。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00494-3

Fabrizio Nocera, Yahya Gamal, Chenbo Wang, Gemma Cremen

{"title":"Towards inclusive risk-informed infrastructure development in expanding cities.","authors":"Fabrizio Nocera, Yahya Gamal, Chenbo Wang, Gemma Cremen","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00494-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00494-3","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional natural-hazard risk-modeling approaches do not consider possible unintended negative socioeconomic consequences of designing infrastructure expansions in a risk-informed way. Here, we propose a people-centered decision-making framework for urban infrastructure development that addresses this issue. The framework integrates a bespoke agent-based model that accounts for implications of variations in infrastructure expansion on dynamic land values and related residential location decision making. This means that the model captures macro-scale socioeconomic effects resulting from infrastructure development that are not explicitly related to natural-hazard events. The underlying algorithm balances these considerations with the successful operation of the infrastructure itself and the potential infrastructure performance losses that accompany a natural-hazard event. We demonstrate the framework by optimizing the expansion of transportation in a virtual urban testbed that imitates a typical expanding urban context in the Global South. This work can be used to guide inclusive risk-sensitive infrastructure planning in hazardous, rapidly growing cities.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12405530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Information-distilled physics informed deep learning for high order differential inverse problems with extreme discontinuities. 信息提炼的物理学为具有极端不连续的高阶微分逆问题提供了深度学习。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00476-5

Mingsheng Peng, Hesheng Tang

{"title":"Information-distilled physics informed deep learning for high order differential inverse problems with extreme discontinuities.","authors":"Mingsheng Peng, Hesheng Tang","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00476-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00476-5","url":null,"abstract":"Standard physics informed deep learning and their enhanced variants encounter challenges in addressing inverse problems characterized by extreme discontinuities and high-order parameterized differential equations due to the use of globally smooth activation functions, especially when the unknown parameters exhibit spatially distributed characteristics. Phenomena such as discontinuous loads, boundary truncations, and abrupt changes in material properties introduce singularities in the derivatives, which in turn lead to ill-conditioned information in the gradient flow. To address these limitations, here we propose an information-distilled physics-informed deep-learning framework that combines reduced-order modeling, multi-level domain decomposition, and an ill-conditioning-suppression mechanism. The framework captures rapid variations in variables within highly localized regions induced by discontinuities. Through an information propagation mechanism and information distillation, the ill-conditioned information in the gradient flow of the system is suppressed. Even in scenarios where specific subnetworks fail, the framework preserves the accuracy of the majority of subnetworks.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12402147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Communicating with two vehicles immediately ahead boosts traffic capacity sixfold in connected autonomous vehicle platoons. 在连接的自动驾驶车辆队列中，与前方的两辆车通信可以将交通容量提高六倍。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00500-8

Shi-Teng Zheng, Rui Jiang, Xiqun Michael Chen, Junfang Tian, Xiao Han, Ruidong Yan, Bin Jia, Xiaobo Qu, Zhen-Hua Li, Lan-Da Gao, Fang Zhang, De-Zhao Zhang, Ziyou Gao

{"title":"Communicating with two vehicles immediately ahead boosts traffic capacity sixfold in connected autonomous vehicle platoons.","authors":"Shi-Teng Zheng, Rui Jiang, Xiqun Michael Chen, Junfang Tian, Xiao Han, Ruidong Yan, Bin Jia, Xiaobo Qu, Zhen-Hua Li, Lan-Da Gao, Fang Zhang, De-Zhao Zhang, Ziyou Gao","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00500-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00500-8","url":null,"abstract":"Addressing urban congestion through enhanced traffic capacity has emerged as a critical objective for connected autonomous driving technologies. An irredundant communication connectivity topology is essential for ensuring the high efficiency and stability of the traffic system, which has not been fully validated due to the scarcity of real-world tests. Motivated by this fact, this paper deploys a connected autonomous vehicle platoon without relying on the information of a platoon leader to preserve the possibility of extending the platoon in future practical applications. The study is supported by both real-world experiments and simulations, where the following vehicles communicate with the two vehicles immediately ahead. The simulation extends the experimental results to several typical scenarios. The results demonstrate that such a communication structure largely enhances traffic capacity and stability, highlighting the effectiveness of connected autonomous vehicles in managing complex traffic environments. This work gains valuable insights into the sixfold traffic capacity improvement through connected autonomous driving.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12398532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Paired-objectives photon enhancement (POPE) microscopy: enhanced photon collection for fluorescence imaging. 对物镜光子增强（POPE）显微镜：增强荧光成像的光子收集。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00491-6

Mark Tingey, Andrew Ruba, Samuel L Junod, Coby Rush, Jason Saredy, William E Brew, Weidong Yang

{"title":"Paired-objectives photon enhancement (POPE) microscopy: enhanced photon collection for fluorescence imaging.","authors":"Mark Tingey, Andrew Ruba, Samuel L Junod, Coby Rush, Jason Saredy, William E Brew, Weidong Yang","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00491-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00491-6","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorescence microscopy is indispensable for visualizing biological structures and dynamics, yet its efficiency is limited-over half of emitted photons fall outside the objective's numerical aperture and go undetected. Here, we introduce Paired-Objectives Photon Enhancement (POPE) microscopy, which increases photon collection efficiency by up to two-fold using a single excitation source, single detector, and dual objectives. By integrating a 4f optical system with a reflective mirror positioned opposite the objective in an inverted microscope, POPE redirects a substantial portion of otherwise lost photons into the detection pathway. Compatible with super-resolution, confocal, epifluorescence, and autofluorescence modalities, POPE improves spatial resolution, acquisition speed, and signal-to-noise ratio, particularly under photon-limited conditions. It has been validated across fluorophore solutions, subcellular structures, live cells, and thick tissues, consistently enhancing imaging performance. As a modular and cost-effective upgrade for standard inverted microscopes, POPE extends access to high-sensitivity fluorescence imaging and enables new applications in cell biology, biophysics, and biomedical research.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12391377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pilot-scale integration of micron-sized powder carriers and a hydrocyclone separator enhances nutrient removal in wastewater treatment. 微米级粉末载体和水力旋流分离器的中试集成提高了废水处理中的营养物去除。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00496-1

Hong Wang, Boran Wu, Hongbo Han, Qun Gu, Xiaohu Dai

{"title":"Pilot-scale integration of micron-sized powder carriers and a hydrocyclone separator enhances nutrient removal in wastewater treatment.","authors":"Hong Wang, Boran Wu, Hongbo Han, Qun Gu, Xiaohu Dai","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00496-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00496-1","url":null,"abstract":"Activity, abundance, and synergy of functional microorganisms are pivotal for wastewater treatment. Here, we developed a micron-medium biofilm composite sludge system, integrating powder carriers and a hydrocyclone separator to enhance functional bacterial enrichment and micro-granule formation. Powder carriers acted as bridges between zoogloea, facilitating coexistence of micro-granules (~115.8 μm) and suspended flocs, thereby improving microbial synergy. The pilot-scale system doubled treatment capacity without expansion or downtime, achieving effluent total nitrogen <5 mg L-1 and total phosphorus <0.3 mg L-1 at a hydraulic retention time of 4.85 h. Micro-granules enhanced sludge settleability, mass transfer, and endogenous carbon metabolism, including polyhydroxyalkanoate and glycogen synthesis, which provided essential electron donors for nutrient removal. Denitrifying and phosphorus-accumulating bacteria were enriched in micro-granules (4.46%), whereas nitrifying bacteria (1.25%) were concentrated in flocs. Differentiated spatial distribution balanced the sludge age conflict among functional bacteria. This work provided an efficient and low-carbon strategy for municipal wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12381278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Climate-resilient railway networks: a resource-aware framework. 气候适应型铁路网络：资源意识框架。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00493-4

Anibal Tafur, Sotirios A Argyroudis, Stergios A Mitoulis, Jamie E Padgett

{"title":"Climate-resilient railway networks: a resource-aware framework.","authors":"Anibal Tafur, Sotirios A Argyroudis, Stergios A Mitoulis, Jamie E Padgett","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00493-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00493-4","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal hazards and climate change significantly threaten the resilience of railway systems, increasing stresses on global freight transportation, supply chains and economic stability. When it comes to system resilience, resource availability and allocation have been proven to be leading contributors to downtime and losses, alongside the physical vulnerability to extreme loads. To support the quantification and pursuit of system resilience, here we present a probabilistic framework that addresses gaps in resilience modeling of railway systems. Specifically, it systematically integrates tailored structural damage and restoration models across an infrastructure portfolio, while comparatively assessing network-level functionality over time with alternative approaches to recovery resource allocation. Applied to the railway network in Mobile and Baldwin Counties, Alabama, the framework estimates damage states, restoration costs and times, modeling drop and recovery of network functionality. Findings indicate that sea-level rise considerably affects service reinstatement, reducing resilience index up to 80% when combined with hurricanes. Resource allocation strategies also impact resilience, with variations resulting in up to 75% differences in resilience estimates. These results underscore the need to consider resource constraints and sea-level rise in resilience planning, offering nuanced resilience quantification to support decision-making for mitigation and response strategies, benefiting policymakers, infrastructure managers, insurers, and agencies.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12371024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0