Communications engineering最新文献_第2页

Diffusion model-based parameter estimation in dynamic power systems. 基于扩散模型的动态电力系统参数估计。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2026-04-30 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-026-00670-z

Feiqin Zhu, Dmitrii Torbunov, Zhongjing Jiang, Tianqiao Zhao, Amirthagunaraj Yogarathnam, Yihui Ren, Meng Yue

{"title":"Diffusion model-based parameter estimation in dynamic power systems.","authors":"Feiqin Zhu, Dmitrii Torbunov, Zhongjing Jiang, Tianqiao Zhao, Amirthagunaraj Yogarathnam, Yihui Ren, Meng Yue","doi":"10.1038/s44172-026-00670-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-026-00670-z","url":null,"abstract":"Parameter estimation, which represents a classical inverse problem, is often ill-posed as different parameter combinations can yield identical outputs. This non-uniqueness presents a critical barrier to accurate and unique identification. Here we introduce a parameter estimation framework to address such limits: the Joint Conditional Diffusion Model-based Inverse Problem Solver. By leveraging the stochasticity of diffusion models, it produces candidate solutions that capture underlying parameter distributions conditioned on the observations. Joint conditioning on multiple observations further narrows the posterior distributions of non-identifiable parameters. For composite load model parameterization, a challenging task in dynamic power systems, the proposed method achieves a 58.6% reduction in parameter estimation error compared to the single-condition model. It also accurately replicates system's dynamic responses under various electrical faults with root mean square errors below 4 × 10-3, exhibiting comprehensive advantages in calibration and efficiency over existing methods. Given its data-driven nature, it provides a general framework for parameter estimation while effectively mitigating the non-uniqueness problem across scientific domains.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of hydrodynamics and depth on the performance of 3D-printed microbial fuel cells. 流体力学和深度对3d打印微生物燃料电池性能的影响。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2026-04-30 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-026-00668-7

Yuvraj Maphrio Mao, Ramya K, Khairunnisa Amreen, Sanket Goel

{"title":"Influence of hydrodynamics and depth on the performance of 3D-printed microbial fuel cells.","authors":"Yuvraj Maphrio Mao, Ramya K, Khairunnisa Amreen, Sanket Goel","doi":"10.1038/s44172-026-00668-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-026-00668-7","url":null,"abstract":"Submersible devices, such as underwater monitoring systems and aquatic environmental sensors, represent a rapidly evolving research frontier driven by hydrodynamic challenges and the need for autonomous operations. Sustainable powering of these systems using Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) offers a viable and eco-friendly alternative. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of 3D-printed MFCs fabricated via Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), employing fiber-based electrodes as both anode and cathode materials. The devices were tested at varying depths within an acrylic tank under various hydrodynamic conditions (stagnant and aerated) in both lake and artificial seawater. Results revealed a moderate decline in power density with increasing submersion depth. However, aeration markedly enhanced performance in lake water, improving power retention from 62.88% to 68.06%, owing to increased oxygen availability that facilitated the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and microbial activity. In contrast, aerated artificial seawater exhibited a minor decline in performance (from 85.22% to 75.76%), likely due to ionic turbulence and bubble-induced disturbances within the electrolyte. Repeatability and operational stability tests confirmed consistent electrochemical performance, underscoring the reliability of these systems for long-term operation. Overall, this work advances the development of depth-adaptive, self-powered platforms for real-time underwater monitoring and environmental sensing applications.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment and optimisation of regional scale wind farm deployment using machine learning. 利用机器学习评估和优化区域规模风电场部署。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2026-04-29 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-026-00673-w

Simon C Warder, Mariana C A Clare, B Bhaskaran, Matthew D Piggott

{"title":"Assessment and optimisation of regional scale wind farm deployment using machine learning.","authors":"Simon C Warder, Mariana C A Clare, B Bhaskaran, Matthew D Piggott","doi":"10.1038/s44172-026-00673-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-026-00673-w","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of inter-farm wakes is a growing issue as offshore wind is scaled up to meet renewable energy needs. High-fidelity simulations which capture such wake effects under potential future build-out scenarios are required to enable regional-scale planning which can mitigate wake impacts. Here, we present a machine learning-based workflow for estimating power losses due to inter-farm wake effects, suited to efficient analysis and optimal planning of future build-out. We apply this tool to the assessment of planned build-out in the North Sea. We estimate that percentage power losses due to inter-farm wakes will more than double compared with their current level, reaching 2.4%, and that increased losses in summer will exacerbate natural seasonal variability in resource. Our tool also facilitates sensitivity analysis and optimisation of wind farm fleets with respect to a variety of design choices. In this work we optimise total fleet power output with respect to small adjustments in future farm locations, finding that wake-induced losses can be reduced by one third via careful spatial planning, corresponding to annual economic gains of £160m compared with current plans.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Photovoltaic water electrolysis reaching 31.3% solar-to-H₂ conversion efficiency under outdoor operating conditions. 光伏水电解在室外工况下太阳能-氢气转换效率达到31.3%。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2026-04-27 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-026-00610-x

Juan F Martínez, Jens Ohlmann, Tom Smolinka, Frank Dimroth

引用次数: 0

Automatic determination of mechanical properties from Molecular Dynamic Stress-Strain curves using Regression Fringe Response. 利用回归条纹响应自动测定分子动态应力-应变曲线的力学性能。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2026-04-24 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-026-00669-6

Josh Kemppainen, Tristan Muzzy, Trevor K Wavrunek, Gregory M Odegard

{"title":"Automatic determination of mechanical properties from Molecular Dynamic Stress-Strain curves using Regression Fringe Response.","authors":"Josh Kemppainen, Tristan Muzzy, Trevor K Wavrunek, Gregory M Odegard","doi":"10.1038/s44172-026-00669-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-026-00669-6","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have become a powerful tool for studying polymers, designing new materials, and composites. Mechanical behavior in MD simulations are typically evaluated through stress-strain curves. However, MD-generated stress-strain curves are often obscured by thermal noise from atomic vibrations. This noise complicates the reliable derivation of mechanical properties and hinders objective and reproducible analysis. The noise in the stress-strain curves has been removed by using a Butterworth low-pass filter, enabling clearer interpretation of stress-strain data. Building on this, a novel analysis framework the Regression Fringe Response (RFR) is introduced to systematically determine the Young's modulus, yield strength, and Poisson's ratio from filtered stress-strain curves. The RFR-method is explained, considerations for phenomena such as toe regions and plasticity are incorporated, and validation is performed across a range of polymer systems. The results demonstrate that RFR-method provides an accurate, robust, and reproducible approach for quantifying mechanical properties from MD simulations.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On-chip trace detection of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ of deep seawater using CMOS-integrated low-noise transimpedance amplifiers. 基于cmos集成的低噪声跨阻放大器对深海中Cd2+和Pb2+的片上痕量检测。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2026-04-23 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-026-00671-y

Yiming Yu, Wei Cai, Wei Fu, Tao Deng, Chenyu Ma, Yifan Wang, Xi Zhang, Chenhong Cui, Xu Yao, Tingyi Zhang, Shangqi Diao, Dan Li, Songqing Lin, Yuan Gao, Yi Li

{"title":"On-chip trace detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+ of deep seawater using CMOS-integrated low-noise transimpedance amplifiers.","authors":"Yiming Yu, Wei Cai, Wei Fu, Tao Deng, Chenyu Ma, Yifan Wang, Xi Zhang, Chenhong Cui, Xu Yao, Tingyi Zhang, Shangqi Diao, Dan Li, Songqing Lin, Yuan Gao, Yi Li","doi":"10.1038/s44172-026-00671-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-026-00671-y","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical techniques are commonly employed for heavy metal detection. However, due to parasitic capacitance and noise issues arising from their structural design, conventional workstations face limitations in detection performance and system scalability when used for trace analysis in complex environments. To address these limitations, here we developed a custom-designed, low-noise, multi-channel complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transimpedance amplifier integrated circuit with vertically integrated on-chip electrodes. This system achieves a low noise level of 273.9 fARMS and reduces the electrochemical reaction area to just 1 mm², enabling sensitive and specific detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in the wide range of 0.05-500 μg/L. We validated the system's performance by detecting Cd2+ and Pb2+ in real seawater samples collected from a depth of 8,448 meters in the Mariana Trench, achieving concentrations of 0.859 μg/L for Cd²⁺ and 0.921 μg/L for Pb²⁺. Compared to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, our system demonstrated excellent agreement for Cd²⁺ (0.10% deviation) and reasonable consistency for Pb²⁺ (28.0% deviation), reflecting its selectivity for free ions. Our work provides a robust, portable, and miniaturized solution for off-line trace Cd2+ and Pb2+ detection with seawater background for advanced in situ oceanic monitoring technologies.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High frequency in situ total alkalinity measurement for monitoring ocean alkalinity enhancement field trials. 监测海洋碱度增强现场试验的高频原位总碱度测量。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2026-04-22 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-026-00665-w

Alireza Zabihihesari, Will Burt, Colin Sonnichsen, Shahrooz Motahari, Alex Whitworth, Robert Izett, Caroline Fradette, Douglas Wallace, Vincent Sieben

{"title":"High frequency in situ total alkalinity measurement for monitoring ocean alkalinity enhancement field trials.","authors":"Alireza Zabihihesari, Will Burt, Colin Sonnichsen, Shahrooz Motahari, Alex Whitworth, Robert Izett, Caroline Fradette, Douglas Wallace, Vincent Sieben","doi":"10.1038/s44172-026-00665-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-026-00665-w","url":null,"abstract":"Ocean alkalinity enhancement increases seawater alkalinity to boost carbon dioxide uptake. We report the first field deployment of an autonomous Lab-on-a-Chip total alkalinity analyzer during an ocean alkalinity enhancement trial using magnesium hydroxide slurry. In 2023, the analyzer-co-deployed with pH, salinity, and temperature sensors 60 m from the discharge-performed 314 total alkalinity and 52 onboard certified reference material measurements over 40 days, totaling ~3300 optical readings. High-frequency alkalinity measurements revealed stronger semi-diurnal tidal coherence prior to dosing, followed by reduced coherence and more variable phase relationships as dosing progressed. Over the deployment, total alkalinity relative to a baseline alkalinity-salinity relationship significantly increased by ~40 µmol/kg after ~210 tonnes of alkaline addition and did not return to baseline between dosing intervals, indicating a system memory effect with cumulative alkalinity retention. This autonomous in situ approach captures high-resolution variability relevant to monitoring and verifying alkalinity-based carbon dioxide removal, which is challenging to achieve using discrete bottle sampling.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Harnessing the full potential of RRAMs through scalable and distributed in-memory computing with integrated error correction. 通过集成纠错的可扩展和分布式内存计算，充分利用rram的潜力。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2026-04-22 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-026-00654-z

Huynh Q N Vo, Md Tawsif Rahman Chowdhury, Paritosh Ramanan, Murat Yildirim, Gozde Tutuncuoglu

{"title":"Harnessing the full potential of RRAMs through scalable and distributed in-memory computing with integrated error correction.","authors":"Huynh Q N Vo, Md Tawsif Rahman Chowdhury, Paritosh Ramanan, Murat Yildirim, Gozde Tutuncuoglu","doi":"10.1038/s44172-026-00654-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-026-00654-z","url":null,"abstract":"Exponential growth in global computing demand is further exacerbated by the high energy requirements of conventional architectures, which are dominated by costly data movement requirements. In-memory computing with Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) addresses this challenge by co-integrating memory and processing, but faces tremendous hurdles related to device-level non-idealities and offers poor scalability in large computing tasks. Here, we introduce MELISO+ (In-Memory Linear Solver), a full-stack, distributed framework for energy-efficient in-memory computing. MELISO+ proposes a novel two-tier error correction mechanism to mitigate device non-idealities, and develops a distributed RRAM computing framework to enable matrix computations exceeding dimensions of 65,000 × 65,000. This approach reduces first- and second-order arithmetic errors due to device non-idealities by over 90%, enhances energy efficiency by three to five orders of magnitude, and decreases latency 100-fold. Hence, MELISO+ allows lower-precision RRAM devices to outperform high-precision device alternatives in accuracy, energy and latency metrics. By unifying algorithm-hardware co-design with scalable architecture, MELISO+ considerably advances sustainable, high-dimensional computing suitable for applications like large language models and generative artificial intelligence.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Minimizing interface defects and enhancing optical brightness of µLEDs through polymeric encapsulants. 通过聚合物封装减少界面缺陷，提高µled的光学亮度。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2026-04-21 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-026-00661-0

Pranav P Gavirneni, William S Wong

{"title":"Minimizing interface defects and enhancing optical brightness of µLEDs through polymeric encapsulants.","authors":"Pranav P Gavirneni, William S Wong","doi":"10.1038/s44172-026-00661-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-026-00661-0","url":null,"abstract":"The need for high resolution microLED arrays, for applications in chip-level optical interconnects and augmented/virtual reality displays, requires the continuing miniaturization of the LED to reduce the pixel size and enable high pixel density. Miniaturization typically degrades brightness because of surface-related non-radiative recombination. Here we demonstrate a combined dry/wet etching process with polymeric encapsulation to construct InGaN-based microLEDs that show negligible degradation due to sidewall effects for devices having diameters as small as 6 µm. The microLEDs exhibit low surface recombination velocities ( <10 cm s-1) and high wall plug efficiencies of 20.3% at a current density of <math><mn>2.5</mn><mi>A c</mi><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math>. A simple numerical model is developed to explain the dependence of the microLED performance as a function of the microLED geometry. The model determines the critical microLED diameter at which surface recombination becomes comparable to bulk recombination, marking the onset of surface-limited behaviour.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How bio-inspired is your design? A transparent reporting framework. 你的设计有多少生物灵感？透明的报告框架。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2026-04-13 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-026-00641-4

Christina Harvey

引用次数: 0