Communications engineering最新文献_第3页

Chain-based lattice printing for efficient robotically-assembled structures 基于链式晶格打印的高效机器人装配结构

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00305-1

Zhe Xu, Aaron M. Dollar

{"title":"Chain-based lattice printing for efficient robotically-assembled structures","authors":"Zhe Xu, Aaron M. Dollar","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00305-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00305-1","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the nature of their implementation, nearly all low-level fabrication processes produce solidly filled structures. However, lattice structures are significantly stronger for the same amount of material, resulting in structures that are much lighter and more materially efficient. Here we propose an approach for fabricating lattice structures that echoes 3D printing techniques. In it, a modular chain of specially designed links is “extruded” onto a substrate to produce various lattices configurations depending on the chosen assembly algorithm, ranging from rigid regular lattices with nodal connectivity of 12, octet-truss, to significantly less dense configurations. Compared to conventional additive manufacturing methods, our approach allows for efficient use of nearly any material or combination of materials to construct lattices with programmed arrangements. We experimentally demonstrate that a 3x3x2 lattice structure (287 total links) is fabricated in 27 minutes via a modified robotic arm and can support approximately 1000 N in compression testing. Extrusion-based 3D printing, in which a filament of material is extruded through a nozzle has been widely adopted. Here, Zhe Xu and Aaron Dollar report an approach for fabricating lattice structures in which a modular chain of specially designed links is “extruded” onto a substrate allowing for construction of multiscale structures that are efficient in weight and varied in composition.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00305-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards industry-ready additive manufacturing: AI-enabled closed-loop control for 3D melt electrowriting 实现可用于工业的增材制造：三维熔体电泳的人工智能闭环控制

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00302-4

Pawel Mieszczanek, Peter Corke, Courosh Mehanian, Paul D. Dalton, Dietmar W. Hutmacher

{"title":"Towards industry-ready additive manufacturing: AI-enabled closed-loop control for 3D melt electrowriting","authors":"Pawel Mieszczanek, Peter Corke, Courosh Mehanian, Paul D. Dalton, Dietmar W. Hutmacher","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00302-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00302-4","url":null,"abstract":"Melt electrowriting (MEW) is an emerging high-resolution 3D printing technology used in biomedical engineering, regenerative medicine, and soft robotics. Its transition from academia to industry faces challenges such as slow experimentation, low printing throughput, poor reproducibility, and user-dependent operation, largely due to the nonlinear and multiparametric nature of the MEW process. To address these challenges, we applied computer vision and machine learning to monitor and analyze the process in real-time through imaging of the MEW jet between the nozzle-collector gap. To collect data for training we developed an automated data collection methodology that eases the experimental time from days to hours. A feedforward neural network, working in concert with optimization methods and a feedback loop, is used to develop closed-loop control ensuring reproducibility of the printed parts. We demonstrate that machine learning allows streamlining the MEW operation via closed-loop control of the highly nonlinear 3D printing technology. Pawel Mieszczanek and colleagues design a machine learning-based approach to improve 3D printing processes based on melt electrowriting. They present a closed-loop control framework that is based on data-driven models and enables them to monitor the melt electrowriting operations in real time in order to improve reproducibility.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00302-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Science and technology: a framework for peace 科学技术：和平框架

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00310-4

Mariazel Maqueda López, Sheena Kennedy, Solomzi Makohliso, Yves Daccord, Klaus Schönenberger

引用次数: 0

Delay drift compensation of an optoelectronic oscillator over a large temperature range through continuous tuning 通过连续调谐实现大温度范围内光电振荡器的延迟漂移补偿

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00301-5

Mehedi Hasan, Charles Nicholls, Keegan Pitre, Boris Spokoinyi, Trevor Hall

{"title":"Delay drift compensation of an optoelectronic oscillator over a large temperature range through continuous tuning","authors":"Mehedi Hasan, Charles Nicholls, Keegan Pitre, Boris Spokoinyi, Trevor Hall","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00301-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00301-5","url":null,"abstract":"Phase noise reduces target sensitivity in radar and increases bit error rate in telecommunications systems. Optoelectronic oscillators are known for using optical fibre technology to realise the large delay required to attain superior phase noise performance compared to conventional microwave source technology. However, the long fibre is vulnerable to environmentally induced phase perturbations, while conventional phase shifters have insufficient range to compensate for the phase drift over the operational temperature range without the use of a temperature-controlled enclosure. Here we introduce a vector modulator controlled by a Stuart-Landau integrator, as a solution to non-efficient tuning for the phase shift. The concept is verified by simulation and experimentally demonstrated using an optoelectronic oscillator phase-locked to a system reference. Phase lock is maintained over four free spectral ranges equivalent to a tuning phase range of 1440° when the optoelectronic oscillator is cycled over a 10 °C to 85 °C temperature range. These demonstrations highlight the practical potential of our continuous tuning method. Mehedi Hasan and colleagues present a technique for mitigating the frequency drift in an optoelectronic oscillator. They demonstrate the performance and practicality of their approach over a wide temperature range.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00301-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142574263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cost modeling for the GWh-scale production of modern lithium-ion battery cells 现代锂离子电池电池 GWh 级生产的成本建模

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00306-0

Maximilian Lechner, Anna Kollenda, Konrad Bendzuck, Julian K. Burmeister, Kashfia Mahin, Josef Keilhofer, Lukas Kemmer, Maximilian J. Blaschke, Gunther Friedl, Ruediger Daub, Arno Kwade

{"title":"Cost modeling for the GWh-scale production of modern lithium-ion battery cells","authors":"Maximilian Lechner, Anna Kollenda, Konrad Bendzuck, Julian K. Burmeister, Kashfia Mahin, Josef Keilhofer, Lukas Kemmer, Maximilian J. Blaschke, Gunther Friedl, Ruediger Daub, Arno Kwade","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00306-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00306-0","url":null,"abstract":"Battery production cost models are critical for evaluating the cost competitiveness of different cell geometries, chemistries, and production processes. To address this need, we present a detailed bottom-up approach for calculating the full cost, marginal cost, and levelized cost of various battery production methods. Our approach ensures comparability across research fields and industries, reflecting capital and imputed interest costs. We showcase the model with case studies of a prismatic PHEV2 hardcase cell and a cylindrical 4680 cell in four different chemistries. Our publicly available browser-based modular tool incorporates up-to-date parameters derived from literature and expert interviews. This work enables researchers to quickly assess the production cost implications of new battery production processes and technologies, ultimately advancing the goal of reducing the cost of electrified mobility. Battery production cost models are critical for evaluating cost competitiveness but frequently lack transparency and standardization. A bottom-up approach for calculating the full cost, marginal cost, and levelized cost of various battery production methods is proposed, enriched by a browser-based modular user tool.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00306-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transfer learning enabled transformer-based generative adversarial networks for modeling and generating terahertz channels 用于太赫兹信道建模和生成的基于变压器的生成式对抗网络。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00309-x

Zhengdong Hu, Yuanbo Li, Chong Han

{"title":"Transfer learning enabled transformer-based generative adversarial networks for modeling and generating terahertz channels","authors":"Zhengdong Hu, Yuanbo Li, Chong Han","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00309-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00309-x","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz communications are envisioned as a promising technology for the sixth generation and beyond wireless systems, which can support wireless links with Terabits-per-second (Tbps) data rates. As the foundation of designing terahertz communications, channel modeling and characterization are crucial to scrutinize the potential of this spectrum. However, current channel modeling in the terahertz band heavily relies on time-consuming and costly measurements. Here, we propose a transfer learning enabled transformer based generative adversarial network to mitigate this problem in terahertz channel modeling. Specifically, as a fundamental building block, a generative adversarial network is exploited to generate channel parameters. To improve the accuracy, a transformer structure with a self-attention mechanism is incorporated in generative adversarial network. Still incurring errors compared with ground-truth measurement, a transfer learning is designed to solve the mismatch between the formulated network and measurement. The proposed method can achieve high accuracy in channel modeling, while requiring only rather limited amount of measurement, which is a promising complement of current channel modeling techniques. Zhengdong Hu and colleagues propose Transfer learning and Transformers in a Generative Adversarial Network for channel modelling in the Terahertz band. They reduce the required number of measurements while maintaining the accuracy.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00309-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Data-driven and privacy-preserving risk assessment method based on federated learning for smart grids 基于联合学习的智能电网数据驱动和隐私保护风险评估方法。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00300-6

Song Deng, Longxiang Zhang, Dong Yue

{"title":"Data-driven and privacy-preserving risk assessment method based on federated learning for smart grids","authors":"Song Deng, Longxiang Zhang, Dong Yue","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00300-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00300-6","url":null,"abstract":"Timely and precise security risk evaluation is essential for optimal operational planning, threat detection, and the reliable operation of smart grid. The smart grid can integrate extensive high-dimensional operational data. However, conventional risk assessment techniques often struggle with managing such data volumes. Moreover, many methods use centralized evaluation, potentially neglecting privacy issues. Additionally, Power grid operators are often reluctant to share sensitive risk-related data due to privacy concerns. Here we introduce a data-driven and privacy-preserving risk assessment method that safeguards Power grid operators’ data privacy by integrating deep learning and secure encryption in a federated learning framework. The method involves: (1) developing a two-tier risk indicator system and an expanded dataset; (2) using a deep convolutional neural network -based model to analyze the relationship between system variables and risk levels; and (3) creating a secure, federated risk assessment protocol with homomorphic encryption to protect model parameters during training. Experiments on IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems show that our approach ensures high assessment accuracy and data privacy. Song Deng and colleagues present a data-driven and privacy preserving risk assessment approach to protect the data privacy of all power grid operators. They demonstrate the feasibility of their method in experiments with IEEE 14-bus and 118-bus systems.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00300-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-level physics informed deep learning for solving partial differential equations in computational structural mechanics 多层次物理信息深度学习，用于求解计算结构力学中的偏微分方程。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00303-3

Weiwei He, Jinzhao Li, Xuan Kong, Lu Deng

{"title":"Multi-level physics informed deep learning for solving partial differential equations in computational structural mechanics","authors":"Weiwei He, Jinzhao Li, Xuan Kong, Lu Deng","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00303-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00303-3","url":null,"abstract":"Physics-informed neural network has emerged as a promising approach for solving partial differential equations. However, it is still a challenge for the computation of structural mechanics problems since it involves solving higher-order partial differential equations as the governing equations are fourth-order nonlinear equations. Here we develop a multi-level physics-informed neural network framework where an aggregation model is developed by combining multiple neural networks, with each one involving only first-order or second-order partial differential equations representing different physics information such as geometrical, constitutive, and equilibrium relations of the structure. The proposed framework demonstrates a remarkable advancement over the classical neural networks in terms of the accuracy and computation time. The proposed method holds the potential to become a promising paradigm for structural mechanics computation and facilitate the intelligent computation of digital twin systems. Weiwei He and colleagues implement a multi-level physicsinformed neural network to solve partial differential equations, a key problem for efficient structure analysis. Their results improve the accuracy and computation time for solving these problems.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00303-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Computational multiphysics modeling of radioactive aerosol deposition in diverse human respiratory tract geometries 放射性气溶胶在不同人体呼吸道几何形状中沉积的多物理场计算模型。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00296-z

Ignacio R. Bartol, Martin S. Graffigna Palomba, Mauricio E. Tano, Shaheen A. Dewji

{"title":"Computational multiphysics modeling of radioactive aerosol deposition in diverse human respiratory tract geometries","authors":"Ignacio R. Bartol, Martin S. Graffigna Palomba, Mauricio E. Tano, Shaheen A. Dewji","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00296-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00296-z","url":null,"abstract":"The evaluation of aerosol exposure relies on generic mathematical models that assume uniform particle deposition profiles over the human respiratory tract and do not account for subject-specific characteristics. Here we introduce a hybrid-automated computational workflow that generates personalized particle deposition profiles in 3D reconstructed human airways from computed tomography scans using Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics simulations. This is the first large-scale study to consider realistic airways variability, where 380 lower and 40 upper human respiratory tract 3D geometries are reconstructed and parameterized. The data is clustered into nine groups using random forest regression. Computational fluid and particle dynamics simulations are conducted on these representative geometries using a realistic heavy-breathing respiratory cycle and radioactive iodine-131 as a source term. Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations are performed to obtain detailed energy deposition maps. Our findings emphasize the importance of personalized studies, as minor respiratory tract variations notably influence deposition patterns rather than global parameters of the lower airways, observing more than 30% variance in the mass deposition fraction. Shaheen Dewji and colleagues introduce a hybrid-automated computational framework for modelling particles in the human respiratory tract (HRT) with variable geometries. Their method produces patient specific particle deposition profiles that highlights how geometrical characteristics can vary aerosol deposition within the HRT and radiation exposure between patients.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00296-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Untethered bistable origami crawler for confined applications 用于密闭应用的无系双稳态折纸爬行器。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00294-1

Catherine Jiayi Cai, Hui Huang, Hongliang Ren

{"title":"Untethered bistable origami crawler for confined applications","authors":"Catherine Jiayi Cai, Hui Huang, Hongliang Ren","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00294-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00294-1","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetically actuated miniature origami crawlers are capable of robust locomotion in confined environments but are limited to passive functionalities. Here, we propose a bistable origami crawler that can shape-morph to access two separate regimes of folding degrees of freedom that are separated by an energy barrier. Using the modified bistable V-fold origami crease pattern as the fundamental unit of the crawler, we incorporated internal permanent magnets to enable untethered shape-morphing. By modulating the orientation of the external magnetic field, the crawler can reconfigure between an undeployed locomotion state and a deployed load-bearing state. In the undeployed state, the crawler can deform to enable out-of-plane crawling for robust bi-directional locomotion and navigation in confined environments based on friction anisotropy. In the deployed state, the crawler can execute microneedle insertion in confined environments. Through this work, we demonstrated the advantage of incorporating bistability into origami mechanisms to expand their capabilities in space-constraint applications. Catherine Jiayi Cai, Hui Huang and Hongliang Ren design a magnetically actuated bistable origami crawler that can transition between a locomotion and function mode, where each mode can be operated independently. The origami crawler is designed for use in confined spaces such as the gastrointestinal tract.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11525557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0