Communications engineering最新文献

{"title":"Fast detection of protein kinase B in chrysin treated colorectal cancer cells using a novel multicore microfiber biosensor","authors":"Zhen Tian, Hongzhuan Xuan, Yicun Yao, Shengyu Hao, Zhichao Zhang, Bingyuan Zhang, Jingao Zhang, Liqiang Zhang, Xinzhu Sang, Jinhui Yuan, Gerald Farrell, Qiang Wu","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00332-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00332-y","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid and accurate determination of target proteins in cells provide essential diagnostic information for early detection of diseases, evaluation of drug responses, and the study of pathophysiological mechanisms. Traditional Western blotting method has been used for the determination, but it is complex, time-consuming, and semi-quantitative. Here, a tapered seven-core fiber (TSCF) biosensor was designed and fabricated. By immobilizing protein kinase B (PKB), also known as AKT, antibody onto TSCF surface, the microfiber biosensor can be used for quantitatively detecting the AKT level in solution concentrations as low as 0.26 ng/mL. To test the reliability of the TSCF sensing method in a medical application, the TSCF biosensor was used to study the relationship between chrysin’s anticancer effect and the concentration of AKT in a human colorectal cancer cell line (LoVo cells). The results reveal that the inhibitory effect of chrysin on LoVo cells is positively correlated with the dose, agreeing well with the equivalent results using the traditional Western blotting method. Zhen Tian, Hongzhuan Xuan, and colleagues show an optical fiber sensor for measuring concentration changes of protein kinase B, also known as AKT, extracted from human Lovo cells. Their biosensor allows studying anti-cancer mechanisms in the human body.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00332-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility test of per-flight contrail avoidance in commercial aviation","authors":"Aaron Sonabend-W, Carl Elkin, Thomas Dean, John Dudley, Noman Ali, Jill Blickstein, Erica Brand, Brian Broshears, Sixing Chen, Zebediah Engberg, Mark Galyen, Scott Geraedts, Nita Goyal, Rebecca Grenham, Ulrike Hager, Deborah Hecker, Marco Jany, Kevin McCloskey, Joe Ng, Brian Norris, Frank Opel, Juliet Rothenberg, Tharun Sankar, Dinesh Sanekommu, Aaron Sarna, Ole Schütt, Marc Shapiro, Rachel Soh, Christopher Van Arsdale, John C. Platt","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00329-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00329-7","url":null,"abstract":"Contrails, formed by aircraft engines, are a major component of aviation’s impact on anthropogenic climate change. Contrail avoidance is a potential option to mitigate this warming effect, however, uncertainties surrounding operational constraints and accurate formation prediction make it unclear whether it is feasible. Here we address this gap with a feasibility test through a randomized controlled trial of contrail avoidance in commercial aviation at the per-flight level. Predictions for regions prone to contrail formation came from a physics-based simulation model and a machine learning model. Participating pilots made altitude adjustments based on contrail formation predictions for flights assigned to the treatment group. Using satellite-based imagery we observed 64% fewer contrails in these flights relative to the control group flights, a statistically significant reduction (p = 0.0331). Our targeted per-flight intervention allowed the airline to track their expected vs actual fuel usage, we found that there is a 2% increase in fuel per adjusted flight. This study demonstrates that per-flight detectable contrail avoidance is feasible in commercial aviation. Vapour trails (contrails) from aircraft make a substantial contribution to aviation’s climate impact. Here we execute a per-flight contrail avoidance feasibility test through altitude adjustments based on contrail formation predictions. The avoidance regime resulted in a 64% reduction in satellite-visible contrails at a 2% increase in fuel burn per adjusted flight.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00329-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-driven system for non-contact continuous nocturnal blood pressure monitoring using fiber optic ballistocardiography","authors":"Yandao Huang, Lin Chen, Chenggao Li, Junyao Peng, Qingyong Hu, Yu Sun, Hao Ren, Weimin Lyu, Wen Jin, Junzhang Tian, Changyuan Yu, Weibin Cheng, Kaishun Wu, Qian Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00326-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00326-w","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous monitoring of nocturnal blood pressure is crucial for hypertension management and cardiovascular risk assessment. However, current clinical methods are invasive and discomforting, posing challenges. These traditional techniques often disrupt sleep, impacting patient compliance and measurement accuracy. Here we introduce a non-contact system for continuous monitoring of nocturnal blood pressure, utilizing ballistocardiogram signals. The key component of this system is the utilization of advanced, flexible fiber optic sensors designed to capture medical-grade ballistocardiogram signals accurately. Our artificial intelligence model extracts deep learning and fiducial features with physical meanings and implements an efficient, lightweight personalization scheme on the edge device. Furthermore, the system incorporates a crucial algorithm to automatically detect the user’s sleeping posture, ensuring accurate measurement of nocturnal blood pressure. The model underwent rigorous evaluation using open-source and self-collected datasets comprising 158 subjects, demonstrating its effectiveness across various blood pressure ranges, demographic groups, and sleep states. This innovative system, suitable for real-world unconstrained sleeping scenarios, allows for enhanced hypertension screening and management and provides new insights for clinical research into cardiovascular complications. Yandao Huang and colleagues introduce a non-contact system that integrates fiber optic sensors with AI to achieve accurate, medical-grade ballistocardiography signal detection. This system allows for continuous nocturnal blood pressure monitoring, aiding in early screening and managing hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00326-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implantable silicon neural probes with nanophotonic phased arrays for single-lobe beam steering","authors":"Fu-Der Chen, Ankita Sharma, Tianyuan Xue, Youngho Jung, Alperen Govdeli, Jason C. C. Mak, Homeira Moradi Chameh, Mandana Movahed, Michael G. K. Brunk, Xianshu Luo, Hongyao Chua, Patrick Guo-Qiang Lo, Taufik A. Valiante, Wesley D. Sacher, Joyce K. S. Poon","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00328-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00328-8","url":null,"abstract":"In brain activity mapping with optogenetics, patterned illumination is crucial for targeted neural stimulation. However, due to optical scattering in brain tissue, light-emitting implants are needed to bring patterned illumination to deep brain regions. A promising solution is silicon neural probes with integrated nanophotonic circuits that form tailored beam patterns without lenses. Here we propose neural probes with grating-based light emitters that generate a single steerable beam. The light emitters, optimized for blue or amber light, combine end-fire optical phased arrays with slab gratings to suppress higher-order sidelobes. In vivo experiments in mice demonstrated that the optical phased array provided sufficient power for optogenetic stimulation. While beam steering performance in tissue reveals challenges, including beam broadening from scattering and the need for a wider steering range, this proof-of-concept demonstration illustrates the design principles for realizing compact optical phased arrays capable of continuous single-beam scanning, laying the groundwork for advancing optical phased arrays toward targeted optogenetic stimulation. When mapping brain activity with optogenetic techniques, patterned illumination is critical for targeted stimulation. Here, implantable silicon neural probes forming a single steerable beam are developed and in vivo demonstrations reported the device’s potential for deep brain optogenetic stimulation","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00328-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A framework to automatically detect near-falls using a wearable inertial measurement cluster","authors":"Maximilian Gießler, Julian Werth, Bernd Waltersberger, Kiros Karamanidis","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00325-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00325-x","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate and automatic assessments of body segment kinematics via wearable sensors are essential to provide new insights into the complex interactions between active lifestyle and fall risk in various populations. To remotely assess near-falls due to balance disturbances in daily life, current approaches primarily rely on biased questionnaires, while contemporary data-driven research focuses on preliminary fall-related scenarios. Here, we worked on an automated framework based on accurate trunk kinematics, enabling the detection of near-fall scenarios during locomotion. Using a wearable inertial measurement cluster in conjunction with evaluation algorithms focusing on trunk angular acceleration, the proposed sensor-framework approach revealed accurate distinguishment of balance disturbances related to trips and slips, thereby minimising false detections during activities of daily living. An important factor contributing to the framework’s high sensitivity and specificity for automatic detection of near-falls was the consideration of the individual’s gait characteristics. Therefore, the sensor-framework presents an opportunity to substantially impact remote fall risk assessment in healthy and pathological conditions outside the laboratory. Maximilian Gießler and colleagues present a framework for detecting and distinguishing near-falls related to trips and slips using a wearable sensor. Their system accounts for individual gait characteristics, thereby minimising false detection.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00325-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in atmospheric water harvesting: toward continuous operation through mass transfer optimization","authors":"Wenhai Chu, Jimeng Ding, Cheng Peng, Zuxin Xu","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00324-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00324-y","url":null,"abstract":"Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) offers a promising solution to global water scarcity. However, practical implementation is limited by discontinuities in the mass transfer process inside sorbents. This perspective reviews current SAWH technologies and introduces a new concept, mass transfer of SAWH (MT-SAWH), which ensures continuous water collection by facilitating the movement of water molecules within a fixed sorbent bed. We discuss design principles and the potential for using renewable energy to maintain a stable water supply. Our goal is to highlight the future potential of SAWH and encourage the development of efficient water harvesting systems. Wenhai Chu and co-authors discuss continuous and discontinuous approaches for atmospheric water harvesting. They identify the steps for expanding the operability range and efficiency of the existing techniques and propose mass transfer mechanics using sorbent materials.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00324-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142778646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-inspired multi-dimensional deep fusion learning for predicting dynamical aerospace propulsion systems","authors":"Michael Qian Vergnolle, Eastman Z. Y. Wu, Yanan Sui, Qian Wang","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00327-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00327-9","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid and precise forecasting of dynamical systems is critical to ensuring safe aerospace missions. Previous forecasting research has primarily concentrated on global trend analysis using full-scale inputs. However, time series arising from real-world applications such as aerospace propulsion, exhibit a distinct dynamical periodicity over a limited timeframe. Here we develop a deep learning model, TimeWaves, to capture both global trends and local variations, through 3D spectrum-oriented interval extraction from an integrated viewpoint of biological perceptions. Specifically, a shared parameter fusion algorithm is employed to effectively integrate Fourier and Wavelet analyses, providing full and sliced 1D sequences to form 2D tensors that can be seamlessly processed by parameter-efficient inception blocks. Additionally, a dual-way learning workflow using TwinBlock, inspired by the cooperative behavior of visual cells, is implemented to enhance perception of dynamical multi-scale features at a reduced computational cost. TimeWaves demonstrates reliable and robust performance in predicting rocket combustion instability, a key challenge in the aerospace industry. Accurate and fast prediction of dynamical systems such as rocket combustion instabilities, is critical to the safety of aerospace missions. Michael Qian Vergnolle and colleagues report a bio-inspired deep learning model called TimeWaves which accurately and efficiently predicts long-term pressure oscillations of a liquid propellant rocket combustion instability.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00327-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives on innovative non-fertilizer applications of sewage sludge for mitigating environmental and health hazards","authors":"Elham H. Fini, Mohammadjavad Kazemi, Lily Poulikakos, Georgy Lazorenko, Vajiheh Akbarzade, Anthony Lamanna, Peter Lammers","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00298-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00298-x","url":null,"abstract":"As waste production increases and resources become limited, sewage sludge presents a valuable resource with potential beyond traditional land use and incineration. This review emphasizes exploring innovative non-fertilizer applications of sewage sludges and advocates for viewing wastewater treatment plants as sources of valuable feedstock and carbon sequestration. Innovative uses include integrating sewage sludge into construction materials such as asphalt pavements, geopolymer, cementitious composites, and masonry blocks. These methods not only immobilize heavy metals and mitigate environmental hazards but also support carbon sequestration, contrasting with incineration and land application methods that release carbon into the atmosphere. The review also addresses emerging technologies like bio-adhesives, bio-binders for asphalt, hydrogels, bioplastics, and corrosion inhibitors. It highlights the recovery of valuable materials from sewage sludge, including phosphorus, oils, metals, cellulose, and polyhydroxyalkanoates as well as enzyme production. By focusing on these non-fertilizer applications, this review presents a compelling case for re-envisioning wastewater treatment plants as sources of valuable feedstock and carbon sequestration, supporting global efforts to manage waste effectively and enhance sustainability. Ellie Fini and co-authors investigate innovative and often overlooked methods for managing sewage sludge. Their work emphasizes how these alternative approaches can effectively reduce environmental hazards, such as heavy metal contamination and carbon emissions, while also fostering the development of value-added products.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00298-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142737652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights from a multiscale framework on metabolic rate variation driving glioblastoma multiforme growth and invasion","authors":"Meitham Amereh, Shahla Shojaei, Amir Seyfoori, Tavia Walsh, Prashant Dogra, Vittorio Cristini, Ben Nadler, Mohsen Akbari","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00319-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00319-9","url":null,"abstract":"Non-physiological levels of oxygen and nutrients within the tumors result in heterogeneous cell populations that exhibit distinct necrotic, hypoxic, and proliferative zones. Among these zonal cellular properties, metabolic rates strongly affect the overall growth and invasion of tumors. Here, we report on a hybrid discrete-continuum (HDC) mathematical framework that uses metabolic data from a biomimetic two-dimensional (2D) in-vitro cancer model to predict three-dimensional (3D) behaviour of in-vitro human glioblastoma (hGB). The mathematical model integrates modules of continuum, discrete, and neurons. Results indicated that the HDC model is capable of quantitatively predicting growth, invasion length, and the asymmetric finger-type invasion pattern in in-vitro hGB tumors. Additionally, the model could predict the reduction in invasion length of hGB tumoroids in response to temozolomide (TMZ). This model has the potential to incorporate additional modules, including immune cells and signaling pathways governing cancer/immune cell interactions, and can be used to investigate targeted therapies. Meitham Amereh and colleagues report a hybrid discrete-continuum model to predict the cancerous growth, invasion, and treatment response of glioblastoma tumours. Their in-silico model uses metabolic data from a biomimetic two-dimensional in-vitro cancer model to predict three-dimensional behaviour of in-vitro human glioblastoma.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00319-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An energy-resolving photon-counting X-ray detector for computed tomography combining silicon-photomultiplier arrays and scintillation crystals","authors":"Kenji Shimazoe, Donghwan Kim, Moh Hamdan, Yosuke Kobayashi, Kei Kamada, Masao Yoshino, Yasuhiro Shoji, Kyohei Sakamoto, Fabio Acerbi, Alberto Gola","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00313-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00313-1","url":null,"abstract":"X-ray photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) has garnered considerable interest owing to its low-dose administration, high-quality imaging, and material decomposition characteristics. Current commercial PCCT systems employ compound semiconductor photon-counting X-ray detectors, which offer good energy resolution. However, the choice of materials is limited, and cadmium telluride or cadmium zinc telluride is mostly used. Although indirect radiation detectors can be used as alternatives to compound semiconductor detectors, implementing fine-pitch segmentation in such detectors is challenging. Here we designed an indirect fine-pitch X-ray photon-counting detector by combining miniaturized silicon photomultiplier arrays and fast scintillation crystals, with a pixel size of 250 µm, for future indirect PCCT. The fabricated array detector has the potential to discriminate photon energies with a 27% resolution at 122 keV, 296 µm spatial resolution, and charge-sharing inhibition ability. Kenji Shimazoe and co-authors present an indirect fine-pitch X-ray photon-counting detector by combining silicon photomultiplier arrays and fast scintillation crystals. The detector is capable of detecting the photons and differentiating them by the energy level.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00313-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142717947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}