Communications engineering最新文献_第3页

Slippery liquid infused porous surface (SLIPS) condensers for high efficiency air gap membrane distillation. 用于高效气隙膜蒸馏的多孔表面滑液（SLIPS）冷凝器。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00348-y

Yashwant S Yogi, Harsharaj B Parmar, Hamid Fattahi Juybari, Sina Nejati, Akshay K Rao, Rishav Roy, Mojtaba Zarei, Longnan Li, Soumyadip Sett, Abhimanyu Das, Nenad Miljkovic, Justin A Weibel, David M Warsinger

{"title":"Slippery liquid infused porous surface (SLIPS) condensers for high efficiency air gap membrane distillation.","authors":"Yashwant S Yogi, Harsharaj B Parmar, Hamid Fattahi Juybari, Sina Nejati, Akshay K Rao, Rishav Roy, Mojtaba Zarei, Longnan Li, Soumyadip Sett, Abhimanyu Das, Nenad Miljkovic, Justin A Weibel, David M Warsinger","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00348-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00348-y","url":null,"abstract":"To address growing water scarcity, we must improve the energy efficiency of thermal desalination technologies such as air gap membrane distillation. However, promising functional materials such as slippery liquid infused porous surfaces have not yet implemented for any desalination technology. Here, we fabricate and test slippery liquid infused porous surfaces (using Krytox 16,256 lubricant and CuO nanostructures) in an air gap membrane distillation apparatus. System-level transport models, validated by experimental data, establish a framework for improving performance through enhanced condensation surfaces. Results are obtained across a range of temperatures (50-80 °C), salinities (5-105 g/kg), and module lengths. We find that small air gap thickness and efficient droplet shedding significantly improves performance. The CuO Krytox process achieves these with a conductive-self-limiting coating, high nanostructure rugosity, strong covalent and metallic bonding, high hydrophobicity, minimal droplet pinning sites, and ultra-low contact angle hysteresis. The greatest efficiency enhancement from SLIPS is derived from the improved droplet shedding, which allows for reduced gap sizes without flooding, and is further augmented by the increased permeate flux.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Allele-specific electrical genotyping for diagnosis of transthyretin amyloidosis.

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00385-7

Muhammad Tayyab, Neeru Gandotra, Jianye Sui, Curt Scharfe, Mehdi Javanmard

{"title":"Allele-specific electrical genotyping for diagnosis of transthyretin amyloidosis.","authors":"Muhammad Tayyab, Neeru Gandotra, Jianye Sui, Curt Scharfe, Mehdi Javanmard","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00385-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00385-7","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical genetic testing often takes days to weeks, but rapid, affordable tests during outpatient visits could significantly benefit patients. This is crucial for detecting common, actionable point mutations, such as those linked to hereditary transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis, which is often underdiagnosed in individuals of West African ancestry with congestive heart failure. Here we developed a method for detecting known DNA variants using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (ASPCR) and electrical impedance. Oligonucleotide primers were designed to selectively amplify the ancestral and variant allele of TTR c.424G>A (p.Val142Ile). PCR products were detected in solution using passive-flow microfluidic impedance cytometry across multiple excitation frequencies. Impedance responses correlated with DNA concentration, allowing for the calculation of a robust DNA quantification score. TTR V142I genotypes from six patients (four heterozygous, two wildtype) matched results from gel electrophoresis and sequencing. Future improvements will focus on reducing DNA input requirements and enabling multiplex variant detection.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Partially substrateless microchannels for direct monitoring of interfacial dynamics in hydrophobic surfaces.

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00386-6

Ellen Bold, Sebastian Zimmermann, Clarissa Schönecker, Egbert Oesterschulze

{"title":"Partially substrateless microchannels for direct monitoring of interfacial dynamics in hydrophobic surfaces.","authors":"Ellen Bold, Sebastian Zimmermann, Clarissa Schönecker, Egbert Oesterschulze","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00386-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00386-6","url":null,"abstract":"Superhydrophobic and liquid-infused surfaces are the most prominent techniques to achieve drag reduction in microchannels. However, they have specific drawbacks such as costly fabrication of complex and mechanically sensitive surfaces, surfaces susceptible to lubricant abrasion or involve hazardous chemicals. We present a partially substrateless microchannel whose upper wall features a large no-shear air/water meniscus at atmospheric pressure. On this wall, a self-assembled monolayer of hydrophobic alkyl silane was bonded covalently. Flow experiments reveal a drag reduction of up to 25% although only 4% of the wall fulfils the no-shear condition. These experiments demonstrated long-term stability and self-healing properties. Furthermore, White Light Interferometry (WLI) was used for direct monitoring of interfacial dynamics. By optical investigation of the full meniscus topography the contact-free evaluation of the spatially resolved static pressure distribution was possible. Conducted numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experimental findings and illustrate the drag reduction mechanism.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Data-driven ergonomic risk assessment of complex hand-intensive manufacturing processes.

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00382-w

Anand Krishnan, Xingjian Yang, Utsav Seth, Jonathan M Jeyachandran, Jonathan Y Ahn, Richard Gardner, Samuel F Pedigo, Adriana W Blom-Schieber, Ashis G Banerjee, Krithika Manohar

{"title":"Data-driven ergonomic risk assessment of complex hand-intensive manufacturing processes.","authors":"Anand Krishnan, Xingjian Yang, Utsav Seth, Jonathan M Jeyachandran, Jonathan Y Ahn, Richard Gardner, Samuel F Pedigo, Adriana W Blom-Schieber, Ashis G Banerjee, Krithika Manohar","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00382-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00382-w","url":null,"abstract":"Hand-intensive manufacturing processes, such as composite layup and textile draping, require significant human dexterity to accommodate task complexity. These strenuous hand motions often lead to musculoskeletal disorders and rehabilitation surgeries. Here we develop a data-driven ergonomic risk assessment system focused on hand and finger activity to better identify and address these risks in manufacturing. This system integrates a multi-modal sensor testbed that captures operator upper body pose, hand pose, and applied force data during hand-intensive composite layup tasks. We introduce the Biometric Assessment of Complete Hand (BACH) ergonomic score, which measures hand and finger risks with greater granularity than existing risk scores for upper body posture (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment, or RULA) and hand activity level (HAL). Additionally, we train machine learning models that effectively predict RULA and HAL metrics for new participants, using data collected at the University of Washington in 2023. Our assessment system, therefore, provides ergonomic interpretability of manufacturing processes, enabling targeted workplace optimizations and posture corrections to improve safety.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AI-guided framework for the design of materials and devices for magnetic-tunnel-junction-based true random number generators. 为基于磁隧道结的真随机数生成器设计材料和设备的人工智能指导框架。

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00376-8

Karan P Patel, Andrew Maicke, Jared Arzate, Jaesuk Kwon, J Darby Smith, James B Aimone, Jean Anne C Incorvia, Suma G Cardwell, Catherine D Schuman

引用次数: 0

Emerging sensor technologies and physics-guided methods for monitoring automotive lithium-based batteries.

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00383-9

Xia Zeng, Maitane Berecibar

引用次数: 0

Fully automated multicolour structured illumination module for super-resolution microscopy with two excitation colours.

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00365-x

Haoran Wang, Peter T Brown, Jessica Ullom, Douglas P Shepherd, Rainer Heintzmann, Benedict Diederich

{"title":"Fully automated multicolour structured illumination module for super-resolution microscopy with two excitation colours.","authors":"Haoran Wang, Peter T Brown, Jessica Ullom, Douglas P Shepherd, Rainer Heintzmann, Benedict Diederich","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00365-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00365-x","url":null,"abstract":"In biological imaging, there is a demand for cost-effective, high-resolution techniques to study dynamic intracellular processes. Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is ideal for achieving high axial and lateral resolution in live samples due to its optical sectioning and low phototoxicity. However, conventional SIM systems remain expensive and complex. We introduce openSIMMO, an open-source, fully-automated SIM module compatible with commercial microscopes, supporting dual-color excitation. Our design uses affordable single-mode fiber-coupled lasers and a digital micromirror device (DMD), integrated with the open-source ImSwitch software for real-time super-resolution imaging. This setup offers up to 1.55-fold improvement in lateral resolution over wide-field microscopy. To optimize DMD diffraction, we developed a model for tilt and roll pixel configurations, enabling use with various low-cost projectors in SIM setups. Our goal is to democratize SIM-based super-resolution microscopy by providing open-source documentation and a flexible software framework adaptable to various hardware (e.g., cameras, stages) and reconstruction algorithms, enabling more widespread super-resolution upgrades across devices.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Additive manufacturing of a 3D-segmented plastic scintillator detector for tracking and calorimetry of elementary particles.

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00371-z

Tim Weber, Andrey Boyarintsev, Umut Kose, Botao Li, Davide Sgalaberna, Tetiana Sibilieva, Johannes Wüthrich, Siddartha Berns, Eric Boillat, Albert De Roeck, Till Dieminger, Matthew Franks, Boris Grynyov, Sylvain Hugon, Carsten Jaeschke, André Rubbia

{"title":"Additive manufacturing of a 3D-segmented plastic scintillator detector for tracking and calorimetry of elementary particles.","authors":"Tim Weber, Andrey Boyarintsev, Umut Kose, Botao Li, Davide Sgalaberna, Tetiana Sibilieva, Johannes Wüthrich, Siddartha Berns, Eric Boillat, Albert De Roeck, Till Dieminger, Matthew Franks, Boris Grynyov, Sylvain Hugon, Carsten Jaeschke, André Rubbia","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00371-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00371-z","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic scintillators, segmented into small, optically isolated voxels, are used for detecting elementary particles and provide reliable particle identification with nanosecond time resolution. Building large detectors requires the production and precise alignment of millions of individual units, a process that is time-consuming, cost-intensive, and difficult to scale. Here, we introduce an additive manufacturing process chain capable of producing plastic-based scintillator detectors as a single, monolithic structure. Unlike previous manufacturing methods, this approach consolidates all production steps within one machine, creating a detector that integrates and precisely aligns its voxels into a unified structure. By combining fused deposition modeling with an injection process optimized for fabricating scintillation geometries, we produced an additively manufactured fine-granularity plastic scintillator detector with performance comparable to the state of the art, and demonstrated its capabilities for 3D tracking of elementary particles and energy-loss measurement. This work presents an efficient and economical production process for manufacturing plastic-based scintillator detectors, adaptable to various sizes and geometries.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

3D evolutionarily designed metamaterials for scattering maximization.

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00349-x

Dmitry Dobrykh, Konstantin Grotov, Anna Mikhailovskaya, Dmytro Vovchuk, Vladyslav Tkach, Mykola Khobzei, Anton Kharchevskii, Aviel Glam, Pavel Ginzburg

{"title":"3D evolutionarily designed metamaterials for scattering maximization.","authors":"Dmitry Dobrykh, Konstantin Grotov, Anna Mikhailovskaya, Dmytro Vovchuk, Vladyslav Tkach, Mykola Khobzei, Anton Kharchevskii, Aviel Glam, Pavel Ginzburg","doi":"10.1038/s44172-025-00349-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-025-00349-x","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid growth in drone air traffic calls for enhanced radar surveillance systems to ensure reliable detection in challenging conditions. Increasing radar scattering cross-section can greatly improve detection reliability in civilian applications. Here, we introduce a concept of evolutionarily designed metamaterials in the form of multilayer stacks of arrays, featuring strongly coupled electric and magnetic resonators. These structures demonstrate a broadband end-fire scattering cross-section exceeding 1 m² at 10 GHz and, despite their compact footprint, achieve over 10% fractional bandwidth, meeting essential radar requirements for high-range resolution. While scattering cross-section and bandwidth are typically contradictory in resonant structures, this trend is circumvented by applying the resonance cascading principle, wherein a series of closely spaced, spectrally aligned resonant multipoles create a coherent response. The resonance cascading is engineered with the aid of multi-objective optimization, implemented on top of a genetic algorithm, operating in a large search space, encompassing over 100 independent variables. Experimentally realized parameters match typical scattering cross-sections of large airborne targets. Consequently, these performance characteristics enable the exploration of highly scattering structures as identifiers for small airborne targets, supporting effective radar-based air traffic monitoring in civilian applications, which we demonstrate through outdoor experiments using the DJI Mini 2 drone.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revealing the mechanism of cold metal transfer.

Communications engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00378-6

J Karimi, C Zhao

引用次数: 0